AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE REAL SITUATION AND SOME SOLUTIONS FOR IMPROVING MARKETING ACTIVITIES AT FIDITOUR TRAVEL JOINT STOCK COMPANY (2)

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
DUY TAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGLISH

GRADUATION THESIS
LE VIET VY

AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF
CHAPTERS 5, 6 & 7 FROM THE BOOK "HBR'S 10 MUST
READS ON MANAGING YOURSELF" BY PETER
F. DRUCKER ET AL., 2010

GRADUATION THESES IN ENGLISH LINGUISTICS

DA NANG – December 2021


MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
DUY TAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGLISH

GRADUATION THESIS
LE VIET VY

AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION
OF CHAPTERS 5, 6 & 7 FROM THE BOOK "HBR'S 10
MUST READS ON MANAGING YOURSELF" BY
PETER F. DRUCKER ET AL., 2010
MAJOR

: English For Translation And Interpretation

SUPERVISOR

: MAI LAN THI, M.A

STUDENT

: LE VIET VY

CLASS

: K21NAB8

STUDENT CODE : 2121325340

DA NANG -December 2021


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Supervisor : Mai Lan Thi, M.A

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
To teachers in Duy Tan university!
To my supervisor – Ms.Thi!
During my four years at university with teachers’ guidance, family’s care and
friends’ cooperating, I had reached valuable experience and knowledge. I am very
grateful to all of you for your help, precious experience and useful lessons, which

will support me in the future, especially my career.
First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all teachers of
Foreign Languages Department, who taught me a lot of valuable lessons and skills,
not only in English but also in life during the 4 last years.
In particular, I wish to thank so much to Ms. Mai Lan Thi for her valuable
and detailed guidance, comments and suggestions, as well as enthusiasm and
whole-heartedness throughout this study. This graduation paper could not be
finished without the invaluable help, advice, and encouragement from her.
I also want to take this opportunity to thank my family and my friends, who
give me encouragements, supports, and inspirations, especially when I got in
trouble.
Moreover, the shortcomings in this graduation paper are unavoidable.
Therefore, I hope to receive sympathy from teachers and friends.
At last, I do wish all of you good health and success.
Sincerely,
Le Viet Vy

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STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP
Expect where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains

no material published elsewhere or extracted in the whole or in part from a thesis by
which have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgment in the
thesis.
This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in
any other tertiary institution.
Danang, December 2021
Le Viet Vy

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Supervisor : Mai Lan Thi, M.A

ABBREVIATIONS
SL

: Source Language

TL

: Target Language

S

: Subject

O

: Object

V

: Verb

A

: Adverb

C

: Complement

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PART A: INTRODUCTION
1. RATIONALE
1.1. It is generally believed that translation plays a key role in the universalization of

human knowledge. It helps improve international understanding, socio-cultural
awareness, professional communicative activities, implementation of technologies,
and so much more. Many well-known translators have been praised for their great
contribution to mankind. The translation is of undeniable significance to the
development of world culture and society. To produce a good suggested version, a
translator not only has a deep understanding of the culture of source language but
also knows how to flexibly use target language's words. This requires that the
translator has to master the grammar of English if he/she wants to translate English
Vietnamese version, for example, and know how to use effectively translation
methods. The fifth, sixth, seventh chapter in the Book "HBR's 10 Must Reads on
Managing Yourself" by Peter F. Drucker, William Oncken Jr., Donald L. Wass,
Stephen R. Covey, Diane L. Coutu, Tony Schwartz, Catherine McCarthy, Edward
M. Hallowell, Stewart D. Friedman, Sumantra Ghoshal, Heike Bruch, Robert E.

Quinn, Robert S. Kaplan, Daniel Goleman, Richard Boyatzis, Annie McKee, 2010
is as an actual practice for me to improve my translation ability. After reading and
translating carefully this mentioned chapter, I have enhanced some special skills. It
is my hope that the students, especially the fourth-year students, can get some
benefits from my graduation paper for translating the rest of the book's chapters or
apply some useful solutions in the last chapter of this paper to translate other
materials better.
2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
2.1. Aims

Through the graduation paper, I was able to demonstrate my ability to
translate a document. Besides, I can help people have a better knowledge of how to
manage yourself. Moreover, I can practice and improve my own translation skills so
that I have the opportunity to expand my real life in the field of translation.

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2.2. Objectives

After graduation paper, I can deeply understand translation theory as well as
applying it into the translation process. Moreover, I can expert in analyzing

structure and vocabulary such as identifying kinds of structure and context of the
text.
3. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
3.1. Text Features

This great modern book "HBR ON MANAGING YOURSELF" is one of the
fourteen volumes in the HBR's 10 Must Reads. Originally published in the 2010s,
as the name implies, this book series guides us on how to best manage ourselves.
This volume serves as an introduction to how we deal with mental illnesses and
how to understand what problem are we facing?
The chapter that I choose to translate is chapter 5 “OVERLOADEDED
CIRCUITS: WHY SMART PEOPLE UNDERPERFORM”. This chapter focuses on
discussing the types of mental illness that managers are experiencing in a company.
3.2. Text length

This report includes 10 chapters, but the time is limited so I have translated
only some first parts in the chapter 5 with 4016 words in length. The name of
chapter 5 is “OVERLOADEDED CIRCUITS: WHY SMART PEOPLE
UNDERPERFORM”.
3.3. The Text Organization

The chosen document is divided into 10 chapters:
Chapter 1: MANAGING ONESELF
Chapter 2: MANAGEMENT TIME: WHO'S GOT THE MONKEY?
Chapter 3: HOW RESILIENCE WORKS
Chapter 4: MANAGE YOUR ENERGY NOT YOUR TIME
Chapter 5: OVERLOADEDED CIRCUITS: WHY SMART PEOPLE
UNDERPERFORM
Chapter 6: BE A BETTER LEADER HAVE A RICHER LIFE

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Chapter 7: RECLAIM YOUR JOB
Chapter

8:

MOMENTS

OF

GREATNESS:

ENTERING

THE

FUNDAMENTAL STATE OF LEADERSHIP
Chapter 9: WHAT TO ASK THE PERSON IN THE MIRROR
Chapter 10: PRIMAL LEADERSHIP: THE HIDDEN DRIVER OF GREAT
PERFORMANCE.

3.4. The Text Source

My document is from the following website
e/Tai_ve_cuon_sach_mp3
hbr_on_managing_yourself_quan_l_ban_th_n_1254.html
4. METHOD OF THE STUDY
This graduation paper was performed with some following steps:
- Constructing the translation theory, then analyzing and presenting the illustrating
-

examples.
Finding out the author and the book I will translate.
Beginning to translate, and studying particularly vocabularies, the names of the

-

organizations and terminologies.
Researching some reference on the Internnet or in books to have more basic to
construct and analyze the graduation paper exactly and briefly.

5. ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

The paper will be divided into three parts:
Part A: Introduction
Part B: Development
Chapter 1: Theoretical Background
Chapter 2: Suggested Translation
Chapter 3: Analysis
Chapter 4: Difficulties and Solutions
Part C: Conclusion and Suggestions

CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
1.1. Definition

There are so many concepts of translation, which are developed by lots of
famous linguistic of translation.

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Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (source
language) by equivalent textual material in another language (target language).
(Catford – 1965)
Translation is the process of finding a target language (TL) equivalent from a
source language (SL) utterance. (Pinhhuck – 1977:38)
Translation is the process of changing something that is written or spoken
into another language.
(Advanced Oxford Dictionary)
Translation is the act of transferring through which the content of a text is
transferred from the SL into the TL. (Foster - 1958:1)
Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message
and/or statements in one language by the same message and/or statement in another

language. (Newmark, 1981:7)
Translation is to be understood as the process whereby a message expressed
in a specific source language is linguistically transformed in order to be understood
by readers of the “target language”. (Houbert - 1998:1)
Translation is an act of communication which attempts to relay, across
cultural and linguistic boundaries, another act of communication. (Hatim and
Mason - 1997:1)
To sum up, from our point of view, translation is the main tool to break the
obstacle among languages which aims to make people around the world more
understand each other religion, culture, etc. In brief, due to its distinction,
translation has been viewed differently and can be understood in many different
ways. These concepts support the idea that translation is a complex process which
requires also theoretical knowledge as well as practical experiences.
1.2. Translation Approaches
Translation appeared a long time ago, so I are hard to record the history of
translation clearly. But according to George Steiner in After Babel (1975:346-40)
[4] divides the literature on the theory, practice and history of translation into four
periods which extend from Cicero to the present, albeit their overlap and loosely
chronological structure.
1.2.1. The First Period

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This period starts with the Romans. Translated documents were discovered in
the third and the second millennium B.C., in ancient Egypt and in Iraq. The main
characteristic of this period is that of “immediate empirical focus”, i.e., the
statements and theories from the practical work of translating. There are many rule
in this period, we use rule of Tyler. He introduces three ‘laws’:
•
•

The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.
The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of

original.
• The translation should have all the ease of original composition. (Ibid)
1.2.2. The Second Period
This period, according to Steiner, runs up to the forties of the twentieth
century. It is characterized as a period of theory and hermeneutic inquiry with the
development of a vocabulary and methodology of approaching translation. One of
the early theorists in this period is Etienne Dolet. He give some principle of
translation which is ranked as they in a precise order, stress the importance of
understanding the text as a primary requisite.His views were reiterated by George
Chapman (559-1634), the great translator of Homer.
1.2.3. The Third Period

This period is the shortest since it extends to less than three decades and
begins with appearing translation machine. Characters of this time are the
introduction of structural and applied linguistics, contrastive studies in morphology
and syntax among others which help the translator identify similarities and
differences between NL and FL, and communication theory into the study of

translation.
1.2.4. The Fourth Period

The last period coexists with the third period as it has its origin in the early
1960s, and is characterized by recourse to hermeneutic inquiries into translation and
interpretation. This contemporary period has witnessed the emergence of many new
theories such as the Polysystem theory, Skopos theory.
1.3. Methods and Principles

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1.3.1. Methods
1.3.1.1.

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Supervisor : Mai Lan Thi, M.A

Word-for-word Translation

Word-for-word translation is often meant by an interlinear translation with the
TL immediately below the SL words. In the word-for-word translation, the word
order of the SL will be preserved into the TL and all the words in the SL will be
translated directly with the most popular meaning that don’t depend on the context.
In this case, I just translate cultural words literally. Word-for-word translation is

often used in the pre-translation process.
Example: There are bananas on the chair
 Có những quả chuối ở trên ghế
1.3.1.2.

Literal Translation
The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL
equivalents but the lexical items are again translated out of context.
Example: I go to school at 6’clock
 Tôi đi đến trường vào lúc 6 giờ sang

1.3.1.3.

Faithful Translation
A faithful Translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of
the original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures. It 'transfers'
cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical 'abnormality'
(deviation from SL norms) in the translation. It attempts to be completely faithful to
the intentions and the text-realisation of the SL writer.
Example: You get what you pay for
 Tiền nào của đấy

1.3.1.4.

Semantic translation
Semantic translation requires the high value of aesthetic in the SL text. It
means in the translation process, translator must refine the completed version to
avoid assonance, word-play or repetition jars. In this cases, it may translate less
important cultural words by culturally neutral third or functional terms but not by
cultural equivalents, and it may make other small concessions to the readership.

Example: There is a pack of fierce wolves on the steppe.

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 Ở trên thảo nguyên có một bầy chó sói rất hung dữ.

Adaptation

1.3.1.5.

I usually use adaptation in translating plays (comedies) and poetry because it
is the “freest” translation form. With adaptation, although the themes, characters,
and plots are usually preserved, the SL cultures are converted to the TL culture, and
the text is rewritten.
Example: Cat walks in beauty.
 Chú mèo sải bước một cách uyển chuyển.

Free translation

1.3.1.6.

Applying this kind of translation, I don’t need to notice the manner the form of
the original. I only express the content through paraphrase that may be much longer
than

the

original.

It’s

also

called

“intra-lingual

translation”.

Prolixity,

pretentiousness are not often translated at all.
Example: Fall of the Roman Empire.
 Sự sụp đổ của đế chế la mã.
1.3.1.7.

Idiomatic Translation
This method reproduces the “message” of the source text by using an
equivalent in the TL. However, in this translation, I must use idioms in the TL to
express for the TL. Idiomatic translation tends to distort nuances of meaning by
favoring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original.

Example: When in Rome
 Nhập gia tùy tục

1.3.1.8.

Communicative Translation
In this method, translators try their best to transfer both content and language.
Translators are required to translate the exact contextual meaning. This method is
often applied to translate on radio or in newspapers. Sometimes communicative and
semantic translation may coincide with each other.
Example: That all I say.

 Đó là tất cả những gì tơi nói.
1.3.2. Principles

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In the translating process, it is very important for the translator to abide by all
the principles of translation. In the book of “Translation”, Alan Duff [2] also gave
some general principles that are applicable to all translations.
Meaning

1.3.2.1.

According to Alan Duff in “translation”, the translation means the exact
reflection of the original text meaning. Thus, I should not arbitrarily add or remove
anything. A good translator should always follow those rules:
-

The meaning of original text must be clear, if not, I must find out the uncertain

-

points.
Some words are “loaded”, that is, are they containing underlying implications?

1.3.2.2.

(“correct me if I’m wrong…”suggests “I know I’m right”)
Is the dictionary meaning of a particular word the most suitable one
Anything in the translation sounds unnatural or forced.
Form
Also in translation of A.Duff, a translator should notice about the ordering of
words and ideas in the translation to make sure that the translation will be the
nearest and most suitable equivalent in TL.
Register

1.3.2.3.

Levels of formalities in a given context result in some greatly differences in
languages. Hence, to get a good translation, translator must pay must attention in

the way the writer or speaker sets the tone with the purpose of disguising between
formal or fixed expressions and personal expressions.
Idiom

1.3.2.4.

Idiom is one of the important parts in the translation. According to A.Duff,
“Idiomatic expressions are notoriously untranslatable. These include similes,
metaphor, proverbs, sayings (as good as gold), jargons, slangs, colloquialisms and
phrasal verbs.”
If translators cannot directly translate the expressions, they should consider
some followings:
-

Preserve the original word, in inverted commas.
Keep the original expression, with a literal explanation in brackets.

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1.3.2.5.

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Supervisor : Mai Lan Thi, M.A

Use a close equivalent.
Use a non-idiomatic or plain prose translation.
Style and Clarity
Moreover, A. Duff, in his Translation, also gives some advices that the
translator should retain the style of the original. Nevertheless, if there are the written
negligence or tedious repetition in the text without implications, the translator may,
for the readers’ sake, right the shortcomings.

1.3.2.6.

Source Language Influence
“It doesn’t sound natural.” is one of the most frequent criticisms of
translation. This is because the way translator thinks and chooses words is too
strongly molded by the original text. A good method of ridding of the source
language effects is to set the text aside, then only translate a few sentences aloud,
from memory. This will suggest natural patterns of thoughts in the first language,
which may not come to mind when the eye is fixed on the SL text.

CHAPTER II: SUGGESTED TRANSLATION

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Original Version

Graduation
Paper
OVERLOADEDED

CIRCUITS: 16
WHY SMART PEOPLE
UNDERPERFORM
[P1] Modern office life and an
increasingly common condition called
"attention deficit trait" are turning
steady executives into frenzied
underachievers.
David drums his fingers on his desk
as he scans the e-mail on his
computer screen. At the same time,
he's talking on the phone to an
executive halfway around the world.
His knee bounces up and down like a
jackhammer. He intermittently bites
his lip and reaches for his constant
companion, the coffee cup. He's so
deeply involved in multitasking that
he has forgotten the appointment his
Outlook calendar reminded him of 15
minutes ago.
[P2] Jane, a senior vice president, and
Mike, her CEO, have adjoining
offices so they can communicate
quickly, yet communication never
seems to happen. "When ever I go
into Mike's office, his phone lights
up, my cell phone goes off, someone
knocks on the door, he suddenly turns
to his screen and writes an e-mail, or

he tells me about a new issue he
wants me to address," Jane
complains. "We're working flat out
just to stay afloat, and we're not
getting
anything
important
accomplished. It's driving me crazy."
[P3] David, Jane, and Mike aren't
crazy, but they're certainly crazed.
Their experience is becoming the
norm for overworked managers who
suffer - like many of your colleagues,
and possibly like you - from a very
real but unrecognized neurological
phenomenon that i call attention
deficit trait, or ADT. Caused by brain
overload, ADT is now epidemic in
organizations. The core symptoms are
distractibility, inner frenzy, and
Student:
Le Viet
Vy with ADT have
impatience.
People
difficulty staying organized, setting
priorities, and managing time. These

Suggested Version

Supervisor
: Mai
Lan Thi,CỔM.A
NHỮNG CÂU
CHUYỆN
TÍCH: TẠI SAO NGƯỜI THƠNG
MINH HIỂU BIẾT
Cuộc sống văn phịng hiện đại và một
tình trạng ngày càng phổ biến được
gọi là "thiếu hụt sự chú ý về các đặc
điểm" đang biến những giám đốc điều
hành ổn định trở thành những kẻ điên
rồ.
David gõ các ngón tay trên bàn khi
qt e-mail trên màn hình máy tính.
Đồng thời, anh ấy đang nói chuyện
điện thoại với một giám đốc điều hành
cách nửa vòng trái đất. Đầu gối của
anh ta nảy lên và hạ xuống như một
cái búa khoan. Anh liên tục cắn môi
và với lấy tách cà phê, người bạn đồng
hành thân thiết của mình. Tham gia
nhiều vào cơng việc đến nỗi anh ấy đã
quên cuộc hẹn mà lịch Outlook đã
nhắc anh ấy về 15 phút trước.
Jane, phó chủ tịch cấp cao và Mike,
giám đốc điều hành của cô ấy, có
những văn phịng liền kề để họ có thể
giao tiếp nhanh chóng, tuy nhiên việc
nói chuyện dường như khơng bao giờ

xảy ra. "Khi tơi vào văn phịng của
Mike, điện thoại của anh ấy sáng lên,
điện thoại di động của tơi tắt, có ai đó
gõ cửa, đột nhiên anh ấy quay lại màn
hình và viết e-mail, và nói với tơi về
một vấn đề mới mà anh ấy muốn tôi
giải quyết, "Jane phàn nàn. "Chúng tôi
đang cố gắng giải quyết vấn đề chỉ để
tồn tại, và chúng tơi khơng hồn thành
được bất cứ điều gì quan trọng. Điều
đó khiến tơi phát điên.”
David, Jane và Mike không hề điên,
nhưng chắc chắn họ đang mất kiểm
soát. Kinh nghiệm của họ đang dần
biến thành những quy tắc ép các quản
lý làm việc quá tải, những người phải
chịu đựng áp lực từ công việc - như
các đồng nghiệp của bạn và cũng có
thể giống như bạn - đang mắc phải
một triệu chứng thần kinh nhưng
không được cơng nhận mà tơi gọi đó
là biểu hiện của thiếu tập trung hay
ADT[1]. Được gây ra bởi sự quá tải của
Code:
não bộ, ADT hiện đang
trở2121325340
thành đại
dich trong các tổ chức. Với các triệu
chứng chính như là mất tập trung, dễ

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Supervisor : Mai Lan Thi, M.A

CHAPTER III: ANALYSIS
When translating any writing properly, translators should pay attention to the
equivalent meaning of vocabulary, idioms, and structures in a source language and
target language. They have to analyze carefully vocabulary and structures used in
the text to transfer successfully the author's idea into the target language.
In this book, there are quite lots of difficulties both vocabularies and structures
for me, especially words. I must review the types of vocabularies and structures in
particular cases and sentences to translate effectively. Some words, idioms, and
structures confusing me with its multi-meaning, managerial meaning or complexity
in structure will be analyzed and discussed in detail as follows:
3.1. Vocabulary
Vocabulary is all the words that a person knows or uses or all the words in a
particular language; those that people use when they are talking about a particular
subject. Vocabulary is necessary to communicate with others and understand what
they want to interpret. Translation process means finding and choosing the
equivalent meaning in the source language to adapt to the target language. In this
book, vocabulary is much diversified and rich that make not only interesting but
also more challenging. I encounter some vocabularies in the translation process;
therefore, I classify and solve them very considerably.
3.1.1. Multi-meaning Words
Multi-meaning words are words that have more than one meaning in the
dictionary; and depending on the certain sentence or context, they understand with
their different meanings. These words often make translators convert wrongly if

they don’t have deep knowledge about them as well as the context of the original
text.
Sometimes I face up with difficulties when choosing the right meaning of
these multi-meaning words. However, to have the most suitable meaning, I usually
reread the original text to define the best meaning.

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Example 1.
“David drums his fingers on his desk as he scans the e-mail on his computer
screen.” (P1)
In the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, “drums” is defined:
[1] A musical instrument made of a hollow round frame with plastic or skin
stretched tightly across one or both ends. You play it by hitting it with sticks or with
your hands.
[2] A large container for oil or chemicals that is like a cylinder in shape.
[3] A thing that is like a drum in shape, especially part of a machine.
“drums” has a lot of meanings in the dictionary, but the fourth meaning is
considered to be more proper to in the context. With the fourth meaning, we can
understand it means “gõ’’ in Vietnamese. Hence, I used the equivalence “gõ” in
Vietnamese to interpret this word.

Suggested version:
David gõ các ngón tay trên bàn khi quét e-mail trên màn hình máy tính.
Example 2:
“Unfortunately, most of the remedies for chronic overload proposed by timemanagement consultants and executive coaches do not address the underlying
causes of ADT.” (P4)
In the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, “chronic” is defined:
[1] (of a disease) lasting for a long time; difficult to cure
[2] Having had a disease for a long time.
[3] (of a problem) lasting a long time; difficult to solve
[4] Very bad
This word has many meanings, but in this context the first meaning is the most
suitable. We can understand it means “kinh niên” in Vietnamese.
Suggested version:
Thật không may, hầu hết các biện pháp khắc phục cho tình trạng quá tải kinh
niên này được đề xuất bởi các chuyên gia tư vấn về quản lý thời gian và các huấn

Student: Le Viet Vy

Code: 2121325340


Graduation Paper

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Supervisor : Mai Lan Thi, M.A

luyện viên điều hành nhưng không giải quyết được các nguyên nhân cơ bản của
ADT.
Example 3:

“While the medications used to treat ADD don't change the anatomy of the
brain, they alter brain chemistry, which in turn improves function in each of the four
regions and so dramatically bolsters the performance of ADD sufferers.” (Page 25,
paragraph 2)
In the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, “anatomy” is defined:
[1] the scientific study of the physical structure of humans, animals or plants
[2] the physical structure of a human, animal or plant
[3] a person’s body
[4] an examination of what something is like or why it happens
This word has many meanings, but in this context the first meaning is the most
suitable. We can understand it means “cấu trúc vật lý” in Vietnamese.
Suggested version:
Mặc dù các loại thuốc được sử dụng để điều trị ADD không thay đổi cấu trúc
vật lý của não, nhưng chúng làm thay đổi chất hóa học của não, từ đó cải thiện chức
năng ở mỗi vùng trong số bốn vùng và hỗ trợ đáng kể hiệu suất của những người bị
ADD.
Example 4.
“The sufferer doesn't experience a single crisis but rather a series of minor
emergencies while he or she tries harder and harder to keep up” (Page 23, paragraph
17)
In the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, “experience” is defined:
[1] the knowledge and skill that you have gained through doing something for
a period of time; the process of gaining this
[2] the things that have happened to you that influence the way you think and
behave
[3] an event or activity that affects you in some way

Student: Le Viet Vy

Code: 2121325340

Graduation Paper

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Supervisor : Mai Lan Thi, M.A

[4] what it is like for somebody to use a service, do an activity, attend an
event, etc.
[5] events or knowledge shared by all the members of a particular group in
society, that influences the way they think and behave
This word has many meanings, but in this context the first meaning is the most
suitable. We can understand it means “trải qua” in Vietnamese.
Suggested version:
Người bệnh không trải qua một sự khủng hoảng nhưng đúng hơn là một loạt
các trường hợp khẩn cấp nhỏ lẻ trong khi bọn họ đang cố gắng hơn và chăm chỉ hơn
để theo kịp.
Example 5.
“To understand the nature and treatment of ADT, it's useful to know
something of its cousin, ADD.” (Page 24, paragraph 9)
In the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, “natural” is defined:
[1] all the plants, animals and things that exist in the universe that are not
made by people
[2] the way that things happen in the physical world when it is not controlled
by people
[3] the usual way that a person or an animal behaves that is part of their
character
[4] the basic qualities of a thing
[5] a type or kind of something

[6] having the type of character or quality mentioned
This word has many meanings, but in this context the first meaning is the most
suitable. We can understand it means “bản chất” in Vietnamese.
Suggested version:
Để hiểu rõ bản chất và cách điều trị ADT, sẽ rất hữu ích nếu biết một số điều
về người bà con của nó, ADD.

Student: Le Viet Vy

Code: 2121325340


Graduation Paper

21

Supervisor : Mai Lan Thi, M.A

3.1.2. Phrases multi-meaning
In the translating process, I often meet some difficult words and phrases I
can’t translate rightly. Maybe these words and phrases are not defined in the
dictionary, and maybe their meanings are not suitable for the context or religious
field, etc. Hence, to solve these words and phrases, I must base on the word’s origin
or the context to find out the appropriate meaning. I hope I did it well.
Example 6.
“People with ADD struggle with disorganization and tardiness; they can be
forgetful and drift away mentall in the middle of a conversation or while reading.”
(Page 25, paragraph 13)
Firstly, I choose word-for-word translation method to interpret, but I think it is
like “float away spirit”. So I depend on the whole context in order to translate this

phrase. Thus, I choose “lơ đễnh” to translate the phrase “drift away mentall”.
Suggested version:
Những người mắc chứng ADD phải vật lộn với tình trạng vơ tổ chức và trễ
hẹn; họ có thể đãng trí và lơ đễnh khi đang ở giữa cuộc trị chuyện hoặc khi đang
đọc.
Example 7.
“I felt like I should be out doing things, moving things along, but here I was,
stuck studying statistics, which i knew had no application to my life.” (Page 27,
paragraph 16)
When using translation word-by-word method, it means “di chuyển mọi thứ”.
We can understand, but it lacks in academic properties. Luckily, I found a text
mention about that. Lastly, I decided to translate it “đẩy nhanh tiến độ”.
Suggested version:
Tôi cảm thấy như mình nên ra ngồi làm mọi thứ, đẩy nhanh tiến độ, nhưng ở
đây tôi lại mắc kẹt trong việc nghiên cứu các số liệu thống kê, thứ mà tôi biết rằng
không thể áp dụng cho cuộc sống của tôi.

Student: Le Viet Vy

Code: 2121325340


Graduation Paper

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Supervisor : Mai Lan Thi, M.A

3.2. Structures
The structure is a ground to form a sentence in a language. When translating a

document, structure plays an important role in the meaning of the sentence. There
are many different ways to organize words into sentences, so it makes translators
confused in the translation process. Besides, there are some differences between
Vietnamese and English grammar. Some structures rarely have any existence in
Vietnamese, such as passive voice, empty subject, etc. Thus, translators are required
to have a thorough grasp of grammar structures in the source language with the
purpose of transferring successfully the text's meaningfulness into the target
language. In the translating process, I also met up with many challenging structures
that I must analyze carefully to well transfer the meaning into Vietnamese.
3.2.1. Complex sentence
In the translating process, we met many challenging structures confused.
However, solving a complex sentence is the most difficult. A complex sentence, in
grammar, is a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dendent clause.
A complex sentence is often used to make clear which ideas are the most important
and which ideas are subordinated. Thus, if we don't have a sound knowledge about
grammar, and if we don't analyze the sentence carefully, we are very easy to
translate wrongly. A complex sentence usually contains one of dependent clause:
noun clause, adjective clause, and adverb clause.
3.2.1.1. Adverbial Clause
An adverbial clause is a group of words that function as an adverbial in a
sentence. Adverbial clauses can be used to add explanatory detail to your writing
and explain how or why things happen. These clauses are always subordinate
clause. So, when translating the sentence containing relative clauses, I must highly
pay in analyzing.
Example 8.
David drums his fingers on his desk as he scans the e-mail on his computer
screen. (P1)

Student: Le Viet Vy

Code: 2121325340


Graduation Paper

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Supervisor : Mai Lan Thi, M.A

Independent clause: David drums his fingers on his desk
Adverbial clause: as he scans the e-mail on his computer screen.
Subordinating conjunction: as
Suggested version: David gõ các ngón tay trên bàn khi qt e-mail trên màn
hình máy tính.
Example 9.
If David, Jane, Mike, and the millions like them understood themselves in
neurological terms, they could actively manage their lives in stead of reacting to
problems as they happen. (P3)
Adverbial clause 1: If David, Jane, Mike, and the millions like them
understood Themselves in neurological terms
Adverbial clause 2: as they happen
Independent clause: they could actively manage their lives in stead of reacting
problems
Subordinating conjunction: if, as
Suggested version: Nếu David, Jane, Mike và hàng triệu người đều giống như
họ hiểu bản thân của mình về mặt thần kinh, thì họ có thể chủ động quản lý cuộc
sống của mình thay vì phản ứng với các vấn đề khi chúng xảy ra.
Example 10.
Because they have the ability to field multiple inputs simultaneously, they can
be strong leaders during times of change. (P9)

Adverbial clause: Because they have the ability to field multiple inputs
simultaneously
Independent clause: they can be strong leaders during times of change
Subordinating conjunction: because
Suggested version: Khơng như ADD, một loại rối loạn thần kinh có yếu tố di
truyền và có thể trầm trọng hơn bởi các yếu tố môi trường và các yếu tố thể chất,
ADT hồn tồn có nguồn gốc từ mơi trường.

Student: Le Viet Vy

Code: 2121325340


Graduation Paper

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Supervisor : Mai Lan Thi, M.A

Example 11.
Sometimes they fail miserably because they're disorganized and make
mistakes. (P10)
Adverbial clause: because they're disorganized and make mistakes.
Independent clause: Sometimes they fail miserably
Subordinating conjunction: because
Suggested version: Đơi khi họ thất bại thảm hại vì họ vô tổ chức và mắc
nhiều sai lầm.
3.2.1.2. Relative Clause
A relative clause is an adjective clause that describes the noun. A relative
clause is not a complete thought. They are used in sentences to further describe the

noun.
A relative clause includes three main components:
- Containing a subject and a verb.
- Begining with a relative pronoun or relative adverb. These would include
'who,' 'whom,' 'whose,' 'that,' and 'which' for a pronoun and 'when,' 'where,' or 'why'
for an adverb.
- Functioning as an adjective, answering questions about the noun, such as:
'Which one?' 'What kind?' 'How many?'
Example 12.
He forgets the big picture and the goals and values he stands for. (P20)
Independent clause: He forgets the big picture and the goals and values
Relative clause: he stands for
Suggested version: Anh ấy quên đi bức tranh lớn và những mục tiêu và các
giá trị mà anh ấy chấp nhận.
Example 13.
Unlike ADD, a neurological disorder that has a genetic component and can be
aggravated by environmental and physical factors, ADT springs entirely from the
environment. (P5)

Student: Le Viet Vy

Code: 2121325340


Graduation Paper

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Supervisor : Mai Lan Thi, M.A

Independent clause: Unlike ADD, a neurological disorder springs entirely
from the environment.
Relative clause: that has a genetic component and can be aggravated by
environmental and physical factors, ADT
Suggested version: Không như ADD, một loại rối loạn thần kinh có yếu tố
di truyền và có thể trầm trọng hơn bởi các yếu tố môi trường và các yếu tố thể chất,
ADT hồn tồn có nguồn gốc từ môi trường.
Example 14.
Employees who seem unable to keep up the pace are seen as deficient or weak.
(P22)
Independent clause: Employees are seen as deficient or weak
Relative clause: who seem unable to keep up the pace
Suggested version: Những nhân viên người mà dường như không thể theo kịp
tốc độ được coi là bất tài hoặc yếu kém.
3.2.1.3 Passive Voice
Verbs are written with the subject receiving the action expressed by the verb
called passive voice. Passive voice is a common structure in English. However, in
Vietnamese, people rarely use passive voice to communicate or to express an idea.
Therefore, when translating a passive sentence, sometimes I have to convert it into
an active sentence.
Example 15.
“Unlike ADD, a neurological disorder that has a genetic component and can be
aggravated by environmental and physical factors, ADT springs entirely from the
environment” (P5)
Tense: Modal verb passive voice
SUBJECT + CAN + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
In this sentence, I still use passive structure when translating because I want
to remain the emphasis of the subject.

Student: Le Viet Vy

Code: 2121325340