Tài liệu Resolving Names Overview Multimedia: Introduction to the Name Resolution Process Viewing docx

Module 3:
Resolving Names
Overview
Multimedia: Introduction to the Name Resolution
Process
Viewing Names on a Client
Configuring Host Name Resolution
Configuring NetBIOS Name Resolution
Multimedia: Introduction to the Name Resolution
Process
The objective of this presentation is to
provide a high-level overview of the name
resolution process in the network
infrastructure
After this presentation, you will be able to:
y Explain what a host name is
y Explain what a NetBIOS name is
y Describe how the name resolution
process works
Lesson: Viewing Names on a Client
How Names Are Mapped to IP Addresses
What Are Host Names?
What Are NetBIOS Names?
How to View Names On a Client
How Names Are Mapped to IP Addresses
Name Resolution
Name Resolution
Service
Service
192.168.1.200
Computer44

Where is the
Computer44
file?
Where is the
Computer44
file?
Computer44
Computer44
1
1
2
2
3
3
Examples:
Examples:
A host name is the DNS name, of a device on a network, that is
used to locate computers on the network
A host name is the DNS name, of a device on a network, that is
used to locate computers on the network
What Are Host Names?
FQDN
server1.nwtraders.msft.
server1.training.nwtraders.msft.
FQDN
DNS Suffix
Host Name
DNS Suffix
Host Name
Server1 = 192.168.0.67

Server1 = 192.168.0.67
Server1 = 192.168.0.66
Server1 = 192.168.0.66
msft
msft
“.” Root
“.” Root
nwtraders
nwtraders
training
training
What Are NetBIOS Names?
Server2
Server2
NetBIOS Name 16
th
character
Server2 00
20
01
Server2
Server2 Messenger
192.168.0.39
Services IP address
Workstation 192.168.0.39
Server
192.168.0.39
A NetBIOS name is an identifier used by NetBIOS services
running on a computer. It is made up of a 15-character name
plus a 16th character (byte) denoting the service

A NetBIOS name is an identifier used by NetBIOS services
running on a computer. It is made up of a 15-character name
plus a 16th character (byte) denoting the service
How to View Names on a Client
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
View host names and DNS suffixes by using the
Ipconfig utility
View host names by using System Properties
View NetBIOS names by using the Nbtstat command
View your computer’s NetBIOS name by using System
Properties
Rename a computer
View host names and DNS suffixes by using the
Ipconfig utility
View host names by using System Properties
View NetBIOS names by using the Nbtstat command
View your computer’s NetBIOS name by using System
Properties
Rename a computer
Practice: Viewing Names on a Client
In this practice, you will view names on a
client
Lesson: Configuring Host Name Resolution
The Host Name Resolution Process
Client Resolver Cache
How to View and Flush the Client Resolver Cache
Hosts File
How to Preload the Client Resolver Cache by Using a
Hosts File

The Host Name Resolution Process
Host name resolution is the process of
resolving a host name to an IP address
Host name resolution is the process of
resolving a host name to an IP address
What is the
IP address for
Salescomputer2?
What is the
IP address for
Salescomputer2?
Salescomputer2
Salescomputer2
1
1
2
2
3
3
192.168.1.35
Salescomputer2
Client Resolver
Cache/Hosts File
DNS
NetBIOS
Name Cache
WINS
Broadcast
Lmhost File
Client Resolver Cache

The client resolver cache is a location in memory that stores host names
that have recently been resolved to IP addresses. It also stores host name-
to-IP address mappings loaded from the Hosts file
The client resolver cache is a location in memory that stores host names
that have recently been resolved to IP addresses. It also stores host name-
to-IP address mappings loaded from the Hosts file
Computer1
Computer1
Hosts File
Hosts File
Resolved host names
from the DNS server
Resolved host names
from the DNS server
How to View and Flush the Client Resolver Cache
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Display a client resolver cache by using the Ipconfig
command
Flush a client resolver cache by using the Ipconfig
command
Display a client resolver cache by using the Ipconfig
command
Flush a client resolver cache by using the Ipconfig
command
Hosts File
The Hosts file is a static file that is maintained on the local computer and
that is used to load host name-to-IP address mappings into the client
resolver cache
The Hosts file is a static file that is maintained on the local computer and

that is used to load host name-to-IP address mappings into the client
resolver cache
Computer1
Computer1
Hosts File
Hosts File
# Copyright (c) 1993-1999 Microsoft Corp.
#
# This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
#
# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each
# entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should
# be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.
# The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one
# space.
#
# Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual
# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.
#
# For example:
#
# 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server
# 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host
127.0.0.1 localhost
How to Preload a Client Resolver Cache by Using a
Hosts File
Your instructor will demonstrate how to preload the
client resolver cache by using a Hosts file
Your instructor will demonstrate how to preload the
client resolver cache by using a Hosts file

Practice: Configuring Host Name Resolution
In this practice, you will configure host
name resolution
Lesson: Configuring NetBIOS Name Resolution
NetBIOS Name Resolution Process
NetBIOS Name Cache
How to View and Release the NetBIOS Name Cache
Broadcasts
Lmhosts File
How to Preload a NetBIOS Name Cache by Using an
Lmhosts File
NetBIOS Name Resolution Process
NetBIOS name resolution is the process of
mapping a NetBIOS name to an IP address
NetBIOS name resolution is the process of
mapping a NetBIOS name to an IP address
What is the
IP address for
Salescomputer2?
What is the
IP address for
Salescomputer2?
Salescomputer2
Salescomputer2
1
1
3
3
192.168.1.35
Salescomputer2

NetBIOS
Name Cache
WINS
Broadcast
Lmhosts File
2
2
Resolved host names
from the WINS server
Resolved host names
from the WINS server
Computer1
Computer1
NetBIOS Name Cache
Lmhosts File
Lmhosts File
Resolved host names
from broadcasts
Resolved host names
from broadcasts
A NetBIOS name cache is a location in memory that stores NetBIOS names
that have recently been resolved to IP addresses whether through a WINS
server, broadcast, or Lmhosts file
A NetBIOS name cache is a location in memory that stores NetBIOS names
that have recently been resolved to IP addresses whether through a WINS
server, broadcast, or Lmhosts file
Broadcast
How to View and Release the NetBIOS Name Cache
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:

View the contents of the local computer’s NetBIOS
name cache
Release the NetBIOS name cache and reload the #PRE-
tagged entries in the local Lmhosts file
Display and view the NetBIOS name table of the local
computer
View the contents of the local computer’s NetBIOS
name cache
Release the NetBIOS name cache and reload the #PRE-
tagged entries in the local Lmhosts file
Display and view the NetBIOS name table of the local
computer
Broadcasts
Broadcast
Router
Router
NetBIOS
Redirector
NetBIOS
Redirector
The NetBIOS redirector sends out a local
broadcast
The NetBIOS redirector sends out a local
broadcast
1
1
If the resource is on the local network, the
broadcast is answered and an IP address is
returned
If the resource is on the local network, the

broadcast is answered and an IP address is
returned
2
2
If the resource is on a remote network, then the
broadcast will not pass through the router
If the resource is on a remote network, then the
broadcast will not pass through the router
3
3
Local broadcasts are network messages, sent from a single computer, that
are distributed to all other devices on the same segment of the network as
the sending computer
Local broadcasts are network messages, sent from a single computer, that
are distributed to all other devices on the same segment of the network as
the sending computer
Broadcast
is answered
Broadcast
Fails
1
1
2
2
3
3
ku45
Slide 21
ku45 Chris, is this correctl
y

labeled?
Kelley Umphrey, 12/24/2002
Lmhosts File
An Lmhosts file is a local text file that maps NetBIOS names to IP
addresses for hosts that are not located on the local subnet
An Lmhosts file is a local text file that maps NetBIOS names to IP
addresses for hosts that are not located on the local subnet
Computer1
Computer1
Lmhosts File
Lmhosts File
# Copyright (c) 1993-1999 Microsoft Corp.
#
# This is a sample LMHOSTS file used by the Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
#
# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to computernames
# (NetBIOS) names. Each entry should be kept on an individual line.
# The IP address should be placed in the first column followed by the
# corresponding computername. The address and the computername
# should be separated by at least one space or tab. The "#" character
# is generally used to denote the start of a comment (see the exceptions
# below).
#
# The following example illustrates all of these extensions:
#
# 102.54.94.97 rhino #PRE #DOM:networking #net group's DC
# 102.54.94.102 "appname \0x14" #special app server
# 102.54.94.123 popular #PRE #source server
# 102.54.94.117 localsrv #PRE #needed for the include
#

# #BEGIN_ALTERNATE
# #INCLUDE \\localsrv\public\lmhosts
# #INCLUDE \\rhino\public\lmhosts
# #END_ALTERNATE
How to Preload a NetBIOS Name Cache by Using an
Lmhosts File
Your instructor will demonstrate how to preload a
NetBIOS name cache by using an Lmhosts file
Your instructor will demonstrate how to preload a
NetBIOS name cache by using an Lmhosts file
Practice: Configuring NetBIOS Name Resolution
In this practice, you will configure NetBIOS
name resolution