Tài liệu ESSAY OUTLINE ( FOR IELTS ) TOPIC 15-1 pdf

ESSAY OUTLINE ( FOR IELTS )


TOPIC 15: TRANSPORT

1) Problems created by modern transport:
- cars and lorries are a major cause of air pollution.
- Thousands of people die in road, rail and air disasters each year.
- Levels of traffic in many large cities are reaching crisis point.
- Tourism is damaging some of the most beautiful parts of the world.
2) The high road toll is robbing our society of many people who
could otherwise be leading useful and productive lives. How can
society protect itself from these losses? -below
3) Present a written argument or case to an educated nonspecialist
audience on the following topic:
The best way to reduce the number of traffic accidents is to make all
young drivers complete a safe driving education course before being
licensed to drive. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and
experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant
evidence.TRAFFIC ACCIDENT.DOC
Providing a safe driving education course can help to reduce the
number of traffic accidents. Particularly, it would be effective for
young primary drivers. There are some following reasons why they
should take the course before being licensed to drive.
Firstly, all primary drivers can gain their knowledge for road rules and
conditions. Ignoring speed limits, traffic signs and lights are main
causes for common traffic accidents. Sticking with road rules is the
most effective way to reduce the accidents. Secondly, practising with
specialists can be helpful for safe driving. They can have enough “onthe-
road” driving skills before they are faced on actual situations such
as changing lanes, approaching intersections, driving highways and

crossing railways. Thirdly, all primary drivers also can learn advanced
driving skills by both theoretically and practically, such as for
hazardous situations, driving at night, towing, and other unexpected
situations. Finally, all primary drivers can pay more attention to
driving carefully whereas non-educational drivers cause a common
reason for traffic accidents.
However, all traffic accidents are occurred not only by young drivers
but also aged people. Actually, all drivers are losing their driving skills
with age for no particular reason. The education course should be
provided for all drivers whenever it is necessary. Checking other skills
regarding with driving is also essential such as eye test, basic health
conditions, or reaction time against approaching hazard.
As conclusion, a safe driving educational course is effective and
necessary for many reasons. No matter in what age or category,
drivers should take the course and keep brushing up their driving
skills to contribute to reduce the number of traffic accidents.
(270 words)
4. Some people think that the automobile has improved modern
life. Others think that the automobile has caused serious
problems. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and
examples to support your answer. TOEFL
5. How far is it the responsibility of governments to reduce the
number of road accidents which occur per year.
6. The private motor vehicle has greatly improved individual
freedom of movement. Moreover, the automobile has become a
status symbol. Yet the use of private motor vehicles has
contributed to some of today’s most serious problems. How can
the use of private motor vehicles be reduced? – Prepare for Ielts
128.
• the private motor vehicle has given us a freedom our ancestors

could only dream about. We can travel swiftly, and usually safety,
over the roads which have been built to accommodate our cars.
People can display their wealth by driving a car which may cost as
much as another person’s home.
• Sadly the car has become a disadvantage as well as a boon. The
car pollutes the atmostphere, may be involved in serious accidents,
and by its very numbers block roads and chokes cities. How can we
reduce its use?
• The car is only desirable if we can use it easily, so we might begin
by reducing access to parking spaces in the cities and simultaneously
increasing the quality and availability of public transport. Cars could
be banned from certain parts of the city, thus forcing people to walk
or to use public transport.
• The expense of buying and running a car can be raised. If the
motorist is faced with a high purchase price, high road tax, high
insurance premiums and substancial fines he or she may reconsider
the purchase. A corresponding reduction in the price of public
transport would help this financial argument against car ownership.
• Neither of these arguments will sway the super rich who can afford
the status cars, but it would perhaps encourage them to look another
ways of demonstrating their wealth. Howecer we do it, reducing the
number of cars on the road will reduce the problems of pollution and
the congestion which can bring cities to a standstill.
7. Transport issues are becoming increasingly important. What
arguments are there for restricting the use of the motor car?
8. If countries are serious about solving traffic problems, they
should tax private cars very heavily and use the money to
provide free or very cheap rail travel. -Preparation and practice –
140 – 143; \ \comprehensive site\task1-task2.htm.
9. The rising levels of congestion and air pollution found in most

of the world cities can be attributed directly to the rapidly
increasing number of private cars in use. In order to reverse this
decline in the quality of life in cities, attempts must be made to
encourage people to use their cars less and public transport
more. Discuss possible ways to encourage the use of public
transport. Public
10. The first car appeared on British roads in 1888. By the year
2000 there may be as many as 29 million vehicles on British
roads. Alternative forms of transport should be encouraged and
international laws introduced to control car ownership and use.
What do you think?