Lý thuyết và bài tập cách thành lập từ trong Tiếng Anh

Vững vàng nền tảng, Khai sáng tương lai

LÝ THUYÉT VÀ BÀI TẬP CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TỪ
TRONG TIENG ANH

1. Ly thuyét

1.1. Grammar:
Vi tri

Hình thức

Ví dụ

1. V+ion
ance

Noun
(danh

từ)

ment

1. đứng trước động từ làm chủ ngữ

or/ er (chỉ người)

2. đứng sau động từ làm tân ngữ

ex: educate->

education

3. đứng sau: a/ an/ the/ of/ many/
much/ a lot of

perform->
performence

4. đứng sau tính từ sỡ hữu: my, his,

2. adj+ness

5. đứng sau tính từ

her, our, their

Many visitors come to dalat
every year.
| can see your happyness in
your eyes

Ex: happy->
happyness
Noun~+ful

AI
Ous
Tính

từ

1. đứng trước danh từ

Able

1.It is a beautiful day

Ly

N

Y
Less (mang

nghĩa phủ định)

2. đứng

sau các động từ,seem,be

(am, is, are, was, were, get, become,
feel, look, keep....)

You look fashionable in this
dress.

Ex:beauty->
beautiful
Adj+ly

Careful->

1. đứng sau động từ thường

carefully
Trạng
từÙ

Chú ý:

Good-well
Fast-fast
Hard-hard
Early-early

2. đứng ngay sau tân ngữ của động
từ thường

(cuối câu)
3. đứng trước động từ chính

| live happily on my farm.
| did my testcarefully.
It was completetlydestroyed.
It’s extremely cold

4. đứng trước tính từ

1.2. Thành lập danh từ chỉ người

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Vững vàng nền tảng, Khai sáng tương lai

V—ee
V— eer

V— ant

- man

Others

Train/ trainee: người được

huân luyện)

Employ/ employee (cong
nhan)

refer/ referee (trọng tài)

Engine- engineer: kỹ sư
Assist/ assistant: người phụ
tá

contest/ contestant: thí sinh

apply / applicant: người nộp

đơn

attend/ attendant: người
tham dự

participate/ participant:
người tham gia
Business/ businessman;
thương gia

Doorman: người gác cổng

Guardsman:

Music/ musician: nhạc công

thư

Invent/ inventor

Beg/ beggar: kẻ ăn xin

Surgery/surgeon: nhà phẫu

Collect/ collector

lính cận vệ

Library/ librarian: quản thủ

thuật

1.3. Thành lập danh từ
V-al

V- ance

V- ence

Arrive/ arrival: sự tới nơi

xuât hiện

Assist/ assistance: s ự giúp
đỡ

allow/ allowance:

guide/ guidance: sự
hướng dân

Perform/ performance:
thực hiện

attend/ attendance: sự có
mat

Differ/ difference: sự khác
nhau

Pure/ purity: sự tinh khiết
Solid/ solidity: sự vững
chắc

Nhood

chuyên

approve/ approval: sv tan
thanh

removal: viéc di

Appear/ appearance: sự

Able/ ability: khả năng

Adj-ity

Remove/

Child/ childhood

phep

sự

sw cho

Refer/ reference: sự tham

khảo

phụ thuộc

Prefer/ preference: sự thích
hơn

Confide/ confidence: sự tự
tin

Depend/ dependence: suv

Electric/ electricity: dién

Popular/ popularity: tinh pho

Possible/ possibility: sw co

bién

the

Similar/ similarity: sw twovng

Real/ reality: thực tế

ty

Neighbor/ neibourhood

1.4. Thành lập Tính Từ
N-ic

Science/ scientific: khoa
hoc

Fame/ famous: néi tiéng
ous

Nà TU dangerous: nguy
iem

Emphasis/ Emphatic: nhan

manh

miracle/ miraculous: huyện

diệu

Marvel/ marvelous: tuyét
vol

History/ Historic: lịch sử

Religion/ religious: tín ngưỡng
Variety/ various: đa dạng

Mystery/ mysterious: bi an
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Vững vàng nền tảng, Khai sáng tương lai

Poison/ poisonous: độc

Nerve/ nervous: căng

hại

thẳng

N-

Reason/ reasonable:

V-

Admire/ admirable: đáng

comfort/ comfortable: tién

Value/ Valuable: co gia tri

›h

onal childish: nh tre

Seit/ selfish: ich ky

Fool/ foolish: ngu xuan

able
able

V-

lý

phục

Product’ productive: nang

suât

tive
N-ful

hop

el

ive:
ba
protective: bao

Care/ careful

Fashion/ fashionable:

thời

hợp

lợi

Decorate/ decorative: dé

trang tri

Horror/ horrible: kinh khủng

Concentrate/ concentrative:

.
Collect/ collective: tap the

tap

Beauty/ beautiful

Use/ useful

p

trun

9

1.5. Thành lập động từ

Adj-ize
Out - V

Real/ realize: nhận thức
_
ro

industrial/ industrialize: công
>
.
nghiép hoa

Grow/ outgrow: phat
triên hơn

outrun/ outrun: chay nhanh
hơn

take/ overtake: vuot, dudi

commercial/ commercialize
weigh/ outweigh: nang hơn

Over- V Stay/overstay: ở quá lâu kịp

work/ overwork: lam qua sức

UnderV

sell/ undersell: bán rẻ

hơn

charge/ undercharge: dinh
te
atk
giá thâp hơn

Super-

impose/ superimpose:

V

f..
do/ undergo: chịu đựng
heat/ superheat: đun quá sôi

chồng lên

intend/ superintend: trông

nom

2. Bài tập
2.1. Exercise 1.

1.We had a very

evening in London last week. ENJOY

2. He fell off his motorbike, but his

were not serious. INJURE

3. The family managed to get out of the burning house , but they lost nearly their

POSSESS

4. He says he has no

of resigning. INTEND

5. The crowd showed it
6. Dozens of

by shouting insults (lang ma) the players. APPROVE

are injured on the city roads every year. CYCLE

7. The company is not taking any new
8. Kate is studying to become a

this year. EMPLOY
. LAW

9. Motor — racing is an extremely ___—__s Sport. RISK
10. The duty of the police isthe_

of law and order. MAINTAIN
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Vững vàng nền tảng, Khai sáng tương lai

2.2. Exercise 2.

1. We have to keep our costs as small as possible. We have somany ___
customers away. COMPETE
2. Our tomatoes are

trying to take our

nicely: they will be ready to eat in about a week. RIPE

3. He is very anxious about the _—_—_—scoff his passport. LOSE
4. This organization is concerned about the

of the rain forest. DESTROY

5. Television is one the cheapest forms of

. ENTERTAIN

6. | was annoyed at his

to co — operate . REFUSE

7. Look at this picture of Bill and his father: you can see the
8. Switzerland and Australia are both

clearly, can’t you? LIKE

countries. MOUTAIN

9. My brother lives in an attractive

part of Paris. RESIDE

10. He said good morning in a most

way. FRIEND

2.3. Exercise 3.
1.We bought back several carved

statues from our holiday in Africa. WOOD

2. Our journey took nearly five hours. It was much
3. John has just got

than I'd thought. FAR

to a girl he has known since he was a boy. ENGAGE

4.“ This is not a good essay”, said the lecturer, “| find your arguments
5. More and more young people want to get a university
6. Sue went red with

EDUCATE

EMBARRASS

7. Don’t believe a word Tom says. He’s a terrible_
8. It’s a lovely house,

” CONVINCE

LIE

| agree, but can we afford to

9. Brown is very warm and

it ? MODERN

person CARE

10. The man spoke with a

accent. SOUTH

2.4. Exercise 4.
1.Bill and | have been friends since
2. The woman

he used to live next door. CHILD

has a blonde shoulder -

hair. LONG

3. Applicants must be under 25, hard — working and
4. Many modern refridgerators never need to be
5. When

. ENERGY
. FROST

Bill and Jane retire, they're planning to spend alltheir =

holiday. SAVE

6. Third time lucky! After two
7. They’re an incrediby ___
8. You shouldn't leave

attempts, Mark’s finally passed his driving test. SUCCESS
family! You should see how much food they throw away. WASTE
things on car seats in full view of people walking past. VALUE

9. I've never had the same opinions as my father. When

_—___ .,AGRHEE

on a Mediterrance

| was younger, we were always having

10. Jeremy Hopkins’s performance in King Lear was the most

. IMPRESS

2.5. Exercise 5

II) es


Vững vàng nền tảng, Khai sáng tương lai

1.Drug

is a growing problem particularly among young people. ADDICT

2. Most banks have installed video cameras as part of their

systems. SECURE

3. Elsa is being kept in an isolation ward because she’s highly

INFECT

4. My brother and| was sentto___—_—s school when we were seven. BOARD
5. Phil was sentenced to seven years’___ for his part in the arm robbery. PRISON
6. There is no

to the problem of the beginning of the universe. SOLVE

7. The chairman expressed doubts about the __—_sof showing the film on children TV. SUIT
8. O’Hara wanted a divorce because his wife had been
9. To be successful, an artist must show great

10.

FAITH
. ORIGIN

is not enough by itself: you must work hard too. INSPIRE

2.6. Exercise 6.
1.1 didn’t know who it was — with a mask on, she was completely_____. RECOGNISE

2. Telling liesis ==.

MORAL

3. | have no excuses. My actions were
4. The hero had a

. EXPLAIN

love affair with the actress. PASSION

5. I'll resign if you continue to___—_—s everything | say. REGARD
6

to the university is by examination only. ADMIT

#. He was turned down for the job because heis____.QUALIFY

8. It was

of Tom to accuse Bill of having told him a lie. JUSTICE

9. He has been constant in his
10. | understand

to scientific studies. DEVOTE

what you are saying. PERFECT

2./. Exercise 7.
1.Jane’s

as a director came as no surprise. APPOINT

2. My colleagues are very pleasant , but the manager is alittle

FRIEND

3. 7.30 A.M ona Saturday is rather __—_ time for an appointment. CONVENIENT
4. Please don't be so

, | can’t do all the work by myself. REASON

5. Many people still refuse to think that smoking is

6.l was kept__

last night by the noise from a

7. An aeroplane has to overcome the

HARM

party in the flat above. WAKE

air. RESIST

8. She always listens

to what she is told. ATTENTION

9. He regularly writes

for our newspaper. POET

10. The

of the new guests caused trouble to my aunt. ARRIVE

2.8. Exercise 8.

You may know that Asian, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cultures have (1. TRADITION)
used garlic in their dishes. What you may not know is that garlic is also thought of as a

(2. VALUE)

medicine by many ancient civilizations. Today, (3. PROFESSION)

in the field of nutrition have come up with new information which is indeed quite (4.

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Vững vàng nền tảng, Khai sáng tương lai

SURPRISE)

. Apparently, not only is garlic good for you but it also helps overcome

various (5. ILL)
. The main (6. ADVANTAGE)
to eating garlic is of course bad
(7. BREATHE)
. Cooking it reduces the strong smell and eating parsley, which is a
natural deodorizer, also helps (8. MINIMUM)
the smell. Thus, it's time we took the
benefits of garlic (9. SERIOUS)
. Why not add it to some of your (10. FAVOR)
dishes?
2.9. Exercise 9.

DOOR
WD =

. The local............................ are listed in the local newspaper. (entertain)
. He was absent from class yesterday because of his............. (ill)
. Everyone needs to live in a................ environment. (health)

¬

how she felt. (exact)

5
<

~
¬

. My mother has just given me a pockel....................... machine. (calculate)
. Ifelt quite....................... with my day's work. (satisfy)

ON

. He apologized for the......................... he had caused. (convenient)
. The school................... about 600 new students every year. (admission)

9. Sign language is very helpful for both the deaf and the........................ (muting)
10. Helen's success has............................ millions of blind people to try and overcome their
difficulties. (courage)
11. FOr ÿyOUF ...................... , the library is on the third floor. (inform)
12. This is one of the best.................... films showing the lives of working people. (document)
13. There is a greal.................... of water here. (short)
14. The government has introduced some................... measures to reduce unemployment.
(effect)
15. John asked his teacher for................... to go to home earlier. (permit)
2.10. Exercise 10.
1. To be fair, we need to divide the tasks

PD

. My mom

(equal)

and dad are checking the

for their gold wedding anniversary. (prepare)
strength, (physic)

WO

. Heavy lifting is an action which requires

Oa

. tis good for them as individuals and good for all the

within the family. (relate)

say that a lot of young people are not aware of these advantages. (Psychology)

. Her

to the company is enormous. (contribute)

ON

. In order to maintain peace, we should not be
. [want to see the very cute and lovely children at

9. Mary and her husband always join hands in
10. A person will be considered
parents or grandparents. (grate)

of each other. (criticize)
schools. (nurse)
their daughters. (educate)

if he or she does not take good care of his or her

3. Dap an
3.1. Exercise 1
1. Enjoyable
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Vững vàng nền tảng, Khai sáng tương lai

PDP

. Injury

Oo
> C5

. Possession
. Intention
. Disapproved
. Cyclist

nN

. Employment

oO

. Lawyer

. Risky

10. Maintainace

3.2. Exercise 2.
1. competitors
P

. unripe

W

. Loss

+>

. Destruction

DO

. Entertainment
. Refusal

On

. Likeness
. Mountainous

Oo

. Residential

10. Friendly
3.3. Exercise 3.
1. Wooden
PD

. Farther

CON
DO ƠI
+>
WD

. engagement
. unconvinced
. education
. embarrassment
. liar
. modernise

9. careful

10. southern
3.4. Exercise 4.

1. childhood:
2. Length .
3. Energetic
4. Defrosted
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Vững vàng nền tảng, Khai sáng tương lai

5. Savings
6. unsuccessful
7. wasteful
8. valuable
9. disagreement
10. impressive
3.5. Exercise 5
1. addiction
PD

. security

W

. infected

>

. boarding

DOO

. prisoner
. solution

nN

. unsuitability

oO

. unfaithful
. Originality

10. Inspiration
3.6. Exercise 6.

1. Unrecognized
. unmoral
> C5

. unexplainable
. passional

DO ƠI

. disregard
. Admittance

nN

. unqualified

oOo

. unjusticable
. devotion

10. perfectly
3.7. Exercise 7.
1. Appointment
. Unfriendly
> C5

. Inconvenient
. Unreasonable

OF

. Harmful

©

. Wakeful

N

. Resistant

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Vững vàng nền tảng, Khai sáng tương lai

8. Attentively
9. Poems
10. arrival
3.8. Exercise 8.
You may know that Asian, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cultures have (1. TRADITION)
__ tradiionally__
__ used garlic in their dishes. What you may not know is that garlic is also
thought of as a (2.VALUE)_ valuable____ medicine by many ancient civilizations. Today,

(3. PROFESSION) ___ professionals _in the field of nutrition have come up with new

information which is indeed quite (4. SURPRISE) _
surprising
. Apparently, not only is
garlic good for you but it also helps overcome various (5. ILL) _illnesses_.. The main (6.
ADVANTAGE)__ disadvantage__ to eating garlic is of course bad (7. BREATHE)

breath___. Cooking it reduces the strong smell and eating parsley, which is a natural

deodorizer, also helps (8. MINIMUM)
benefits of garlic (9. SERIOUS) _
favorite
dishes?

minimize

seriously

the smell. Thus, it's time we took the

. Why not add it to some of your (10. FAVOR)

3.9. Exercise 9.
1 - entertainment
2 - illness
3 - healthy
4 - calculator
5 - exactly

6 - satisfied
7 - inconvenience
8 - admits
9 - mute
10 - encouraged
11 - information
12 - documentary
13 - shortage
14 - effective

15 - permission
3.10. Exercise 10.
1 - equally;
2 - preparation;
3 - physical;
4 - relationships;

5 - Psychologists;
6 - contribution;
7 - Critical;
II) pc


¬

HOC

e cờ

:

-4

a

À4

—

) S

Ving vang mtn tang, Khai sang tuong lai

——

8 - nursery;
9 - educating;

10 - ungrateful;

II ):-INT


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