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47 câu hỏi và lời giải đề cương ôn thi phương pháp nghiên cứu

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Bài giải đề cương ôn thi PPNCKH Lớp Đêm 1 K20


 !"#$%&" '( )*+,-.-/ #0,-1 234056*
1 78)9$:* *'( 2#34032 ;9$:*'( <=:32><?
 !=8>27!1 #:*$@$AB)7>6.3C$D8>( 
AE<=8>( A-.<=:32><?
 ?!7#0 F>6.3C$DG9$:F1 2+1 <?
 H!=8>0;0( %+BIJ0>."K-J0>:-2<>*E$D*&
0;0( %+B*32 ,L82!J0 #J0;01 B*7J0>:-2,G" '
+<H
 M!N3C2OA0&(  82A86**P26 $Q;3C$D
:+>:$&I' 8R>G+*P26 $QS-8T8>#<7
 U( V828>#-)<7 #0,G,8>( #-)<H
 W! ( B-9 UB)-/ #0*7 #0( H
W( !>-63%-XP2*8>#$A*DH
W>-63%-XP2;7;3C$D3Y$A*D:$&Z>J>KW
W?[,W\
WH( !]^_`a[b``aa`c=debdbd=`df^b=a_gh
WM( !( *7#0 F1 #0A3%-XiU2jkP26$QF*7
$A*D8% #0:Zh
WW( ^lci 32K2$2 $Kk!f #GJm6;n
 \!ZDEP2;o 9EF
 h!b%F2 *;72 I2!( -*( ($D
 n!p)32>qr <b%F2 *;72 I2qr 8>( AE*
( A-.>*$q2
 !b%F2 *;72 I2"#$%-/ #0;>2q*;GA-/ #0;>2q>*$
q2
 !=0;0( E.3C$D8>86.><>*E$D*L8TJ0( 
*J07&?
 !ZF1 2+P2D ( B U( *0( <>*E$DH


 ?!s #8)0;0J UH
 H!J+DE3C$DP2?->:( BEB;77\
 M!NF*;72 P2J U>( AE*( A-.<>pf\
 W!=8)J#;0' &J( *;0i-8TS>JtJ &*S>;>JtJ &k
 \!=8)J#78E$r-+ K>728*28$i8E$r8%0B8E$r70B7
$2D-+ 2;>*7*'8E$r;7k
 h!+.2& #0<+.32323F2#u0>G9$:<
 n!=8)J# G*.GP277U*'8%0BU*'1 2E*
U*'1 2:
 !>( 3C$D7E51 =8)J# B.GP2
7#*>J0&*E$DDG*&E51 <?
 !fI-+ ('*$I-+ 3'-)<v l.GP2->:$I-+ #<w7A 5 9
->:$I-+ #<H
 !j#3>37 .G*:*3C$DP277qr "73 '<'#*E$D
q2M
 ?!c>*2,G($D8-60( 0><>*E$DW
 H!I323,>,G"#828>1 78) 9$I-+ <+7;tDI8P8># \

 M!( AE-)<E3%;7J+3>*( A-.<,I7
 9AE>B;Exr 0><>*E$D*7 9A
EB*L-+-'#r \
 W!VGP27'2>iA$2B(%B1 jBy-+k *E$D>z->:!n
 \!j#282I7F;,G($DG"C-/$I-+ P272>J32 B
>*E$Dq2?
=2>$2"?
=2>(%?
=2>-;K8?
 h!={K3>G($D8-60( 0><>*E$D?
 n!( F;*( 86.DG;72 8232><?
 ?!b>377qr K>"73 '*"73 '<?

 ?!,'#7098>( *( ;0E.*709><?
bc`|}Z`aN`~eaZc=?
( ;0E.*709><?
 ?!( -)<7- 9( -)<?
 ??!=0;0( -)<7# S 8>0;0( <7->:0;0( <>E
$D*•->:?
 ?H!j#3>37 .G*:*3C$DP277qr K>"73 '<'#*E$D
q2??
 ?M!>-6*1 #t>-6-)<7(&>-6-)<>E$Dq2<?H
 ?W!>75&N, 9i8+ 5O7k32 !?W
 ?h!{31 28KK3,G($D8-60( 0><>*E$D?h
 ?n!b%F2 *;72 I2 #0( * #0;GAH
 H!>J03%;72 *F2 I2*'( BD ( B U( B*
 #0( H
 H{>J08E$r,*28X)8>( ;>2q<j#-'#*E$DM$:8E$r328>
8E$r;>2q*E*)32>32<H
 H!( •.6.3C$D8>I$%7( ><p)32>3C$D
( •.2#*)( AE2#A-.H
 H?!70;0(  82;>37.3C$D;><>*E$DH
$:0;0G 9$I-+ uJ0'8>( A-.B>€R2 9 
$:$I-+ ;72 Q.>z$%7( DG7#VJ+$Q8>7A
862.78GB$I-+ (';,B;S#PB-:9 *&9#;2>H
 HM!,'#)>-6<>J03%F2 *;72 I2R*>*E$Dq2H
 HW!+3F8>J22-2>-67)P22><,.3C$D>->:2>><H?
 H\!7Jqr 8>( A-.<q*-+7J%+8H?


Câu 1: Khi xây dựng một đề xuất nghiên cứu thì việc tóm lược lý thuyết có liên quan sẽ tiến hành đồng thời với quá
trình nhận dạng và nêu vấn đề nghiên cứu hay sẽ tiến hành sau khi nhận dạng vấn đề nghiên cứu? Tại sao?
=,-.-/ #0-1 22-2,Z&-98 *>,-.7( %@j%+8>

1 7;(G282;0- 9 *;01 P27( #ZDE-R;0I)j-.iju1 7
.k*I)S.0D( i;Ku( k2-98 *>7-/ #0j,Q
E&+.;>2q>,*3>37R*V&3 BE'1 7•;‚$%J7>P2R
ZV;7*+,-.-/ #0XD*D >:8>1 78)( !
{ w7A*'( !=,-.-/ #0RR29$:I)j-*I)2.-
i;Ku( kp)*9#&u;0F34RR20;+.62*A*A.(
P2)
{ 3ƒ-/ #0!=,-.-/ #0RR2"#$%.-/ #0>)B #0>
( ;GA-/ #0B>V-3ƒ>*+S0"#$%-/ #0NRR2‚;0
(8>-„*%( B9$:.-/ #0
?{ q-%27!=,-.-/ #0RR2,3ƒJ+- 9B3>37;01 ( P2)*
I( 8,BVJ+-I)2EJu3 *2EF;7*7;01 ,
[PPNCKH trong kinh doanh ,2011, p68]
=,-:G,-.7-/ #0-1 2Q.BE"7->( XU1 78)9$:*'
( 0B8T8,-‚(G6( 98 )G B 9$I-/ #0-1 2
E"7BDG= #1 #8)( J2>6•.JtS Jm7"7A*'2#;Ku
( p'( ,G0  5;72 P#0 z 5E-%GA86*-/
 #0j,p)*9#R2- - u;07( *-/ #0j,G"K"€RG1 #0*'
( 0(&>0 2,-/ #0-1 2)R20"#$%-/ #00 ,R
20);Ku( G078G-/ #0E;Ku,[PPNCKH trong kinh doanh,
2011, p50]. *9#8%08>1 78),-.-/ #0-1 2•,S"7A* *'
( 
Câu 2:Trong hai phương pháp: quy nạp và diễn dịch, thì phương pháp nào thường được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu
định tính? Trong nghiên cứu định lượng? Tại sao?

{ Nghiên cứu định lượng:6t-**+;GARB$%2*>1 78)3 #$@i-/ #0850
( k
o 7J0( *J07&8>( A-.."7A8
o s 78)( A-.340*+-.,2F1 2+I27J0
{ Nghiên cứu định tính:6i(;- - k**+;77827-/ #0;>2qB$%2*>

1 #:i( 8B-/ #032 k
o ( AEL"7A.J0( 
o 07&2"7A8TB1 78)( 3456-8TJ07&
Trả lời câu hỏi:
{ 71 #:6.3C$D8>( AEp)( AE-7 9
$I-+ JmI*-709m)7*EVGP2,6z1 2GP2
q( K>)(1 #:B:>82-/ #0i7( AEX3C$D1 2G
$GB;(L,E*$Q #0;0:>8>( k
{ 73 #$@6.3C$D8>( A-.p)( A-.-7
9$I-+ Jm3F*1 #01 2+8>-/ #0*( K>1 2G$@$A( P#0 -
;G$A-/ #0B3C$D)>2q%%(- 9B7#,G(.8>
%0*K>P„2;71 2
Câu 3: Các yếu tố nào thường được sử dụng để nhận dạng mối quan hệ nhân quả?
G;GA7F1 2+1 BR2$Q( C+i%+k=C+-$:
( 1 mDE;77F1 2+1 I27J08>A86G9$:F1 2
+1 6.3C$D7#0 F32 !
- 05!0 #*J0;01 J05*2 J0 #
2#ui‚>Vk)J0;01 •2#u(
- =62" '+!0;01 " '+32 >V56*J0 #
- ptV7-/2#0!,I-/;7>J0;01 8zJ0 #j."7A
?
Câu 4: Trong thiết kế nghiên cứu thực nghiệm, những biến nào được xem là biến ngoại lai? Cho ví dụ về một thiết
kế nghiên cứu thực nghiệm, và sau đó chỉ ra: biến nguyên nhân biến kết quả, và các biến ngoại lai có thể xuất
hiện?
=8>( %+BJ0>:-2-7J0m>:*1 237*D 1 237P2( B
7J0#,G" '+8>%@B*,7&07J0;7P2( Bƒ8%00;0
1 ( 
pE$D*( %+!
=0& &;>37n#Q;$>2$ -AB7##,Q$>2 *>‚n-
My‚BHM#07>:&1 7>BHM#X-:);1 7>BL;$>2K>

78 #F
=F;.;01 32 !
{ 7#,1 7>!$>23F\My
{ 7#;1 7>!$>23FWy
=8>( %+8)!
{ 0 #!*+01 7>
{ 0;01 !$>23FP2#
{ 0>:-2,G" '+!#L-@8*> F Sq6.L *$ -A
BEP,8)u8.>$ -AB‚>V-B ;+;E9 60B**
Câu 5: Giả sử anh/chị tiến hành một nghiên cứu điều tra thị trường về hành vi của người tiêu dùng khi sử dụng mạng
điện thoại di động. Những cấu trúc nào thể hiện hành vi của người tiêu dùng cần làm rõ trong đề tài này? Các
câu hỏi nghiên cứu đặt ra trong đề tài này là gì? Các giả thuyết có thể có trong đề tài nghiên cứu này là gì?
 I' 8RG+*P26 $Q5,!
{ & u
{ =-/7*8 #F
{ +* ;+;0
{ bƒE*1 2G7
{ '-.:!i&P3,P2:k
{ =+ i62):B1 #P2:B #E+ k
 7 U( V828>#,G-!
{ 6 $Q-%2q:+>:$%28#0 F><
{ 7#0 F>7&-6 $Q," 2#u:+>:23C$D<
? 70,G,8>( #-!
{ p+-%2q:+>:3C$D,JAƒJƒ& uP26 $Q;<
{ p+-%2q:+>:3C$D,JAƒJƒ-/7*K>8 #FP26
$Q;
{ p+-%2q:+>:3C$D,JAƒJƒ+* ;+;0P26 $Q
;<
{ p+-%2q:+>:3C$D,JAƒJƒ3ƒE1 2GP26 $Q;<
{ p+-%2q:+>:3C$DP26 $Q,JAƒJƒ'-.:;<

{ p+-%2q:+>:3C$DP26 $Q,JAƒJƒ+ 
Câu 6: Nêu 1 đề tài nghiên cứu, thành lập câu hỏi,mô hình lý thuyết và các giả thuyết nghiên cứu
 !"#$%&'#(
=-9 U U(
7#0 F>G+3%-XP2*8>#$A*D
Z)-/ #0
7 #0(
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*+*Q.*86-*+P27*…#B"" ')( 32 !
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Hình 2: Mô hình đề xuất
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:=ZB560;>37AE;>?*8%0-*+:X$A*D;7
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iHkcOA34q&*+;7(<=:32><
b2 ;-%2qBt3t"0B,;01 J32 ick
_0 F = &ES>
= 9
Z(-JQ.*E'*+
= 9"(*i,,k+ 1 
E37;KƒO;y- 9JmE
_-*+* 9+:
-X*7;>D'P2#
 ;+-*+
=E0&-*+>6
3ƒ*9'-*+F

-X*7+-*+
c>*>78>86-*+
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0&L€BL-@.-/
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9.3%•8.P2>
>:>*•8.8>*+
.>:>S#P-o‚+*DG%*+
. 'S#P$A*DG-*+
=6" #.99I;0(-1 20*+
.>:>**E*>:I
b%5
,.I9"€77E"7*+ 1 *+
 .S#P*+ 1 *+
I/;0,,R%+*+F
s 2+5+ =E-GV5+
5++
5+•8.8>*+
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s 2+*'8
'8"K8q*28XP2*
'8F"CJm
'8- 9I/;0,,P2*
b%# E*+
*# E*+•8.;7
'#:R;•8..;7# S
'#*+2-,/„2
X# R**.1 2;,;‚

b%ƒƒ
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9.3%;E-+**9';>F*+
-X*I&; #0;E
&‚08>*+
, &‚08>*+
08T7  YB1 #A*‚0
,I;A6* #G$D&J&
s 20‚0
VG*+
*+Q.*q*'*8)& #
*+R*A
*+A  7-%
*+(:
*+:> ;+G+;o‚*;0(
N2>0
7*AXJ2R72,I5
99*J7>;A6I-1 20*+
-X 
, B# E*+
, B-X**+#
, B34-*+#- $
c!7#0 F* &E>-6
) !*+*,&(-./&'#(0&1234.5
1. Đề tài nghiên cứu: >-63%-XP2;7;3C$D3Y$A*D:$&Z>J>K
2. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu:
{ Mục tiêu ở dạng tổng quát:
777#0 FE7&$r03%-XP2;7*;‚8ƒ;7
6" #P2#
{ Mục tiêu cụ thể:

wK"€7#0 F- #E->;7-XJ2>5!
fA*D;7
'-.3Y$A*D
8); #0:
8); #0:
N73Y$A*D
56B"K"€3%-XP2;7-& 2JG +1 2?>:&!
76" # 2,2$A*DP2#
73‡3+ 3Y>6;7
73‡-X 23Y$A*D:72>
{ Mục tiêu chung:
( ]>-63%-XP2;7g"K"€#0 FJ2>5$A*D;7B'-.3
Y$A*DB7B8); #0:ˆ%6!4$!"7ˆ7&03%
-XP2;7
56B"K"€3%-XP2;7ˆ%6!4$!128!ˆG;7
6" # 2,2$A*DP2#*3‡3+ 3Y>6;7B 23
Y$A*D:72>
3. Câu hỏi nghiên cứu
2 Dịch vụ khách hàng, chất lượng sản phẩm dịch vụ, giá cả, chương trình khuyến mại,->;7-X
;<
W
J Dịch vụ khách hàng, chất lượng sản phẩm dịch vụ, giá cả, chương trình khuyến mại,- #E->
;7-X;<
 7-X,7&*>& 2P2;7;<
$ 7-X,thường xuyên mua hàng hóa dịch vụ của công ty và sẵn sàng giới thiệu sản phẩm cho người
khác, mua sản phẩm dịch vụ tại giá cao hơn không?
K & 2,7&*>;01  2P2;7;<
4. Mô hình lý thuyết
5. Giả thuyết nghiên cứu (câu trả lời dự kiến):
a. Dịch vụ khách hàng, chất lượng sản phẩm dịch vụ, giá cả, chương trình khuyến mại,->;7-X

;<
N #0!fA*D;7B'-.3Y$A*DB8); #0:->;7
-X
b. fA*D;7B'-.3Y$A*DB7B8); #0:,- #E->
;7-X;<
N #0!fA*D;7B'-.3Y$A*DB7- #E->;7
-X
8); #0:;- #E->;7-X
9&8); #0:L7$D8>62S ;73C$D3Y$A*D,2P2
#
c. 7-X,7&*>& 2P2;7;<
N #0!7-X,7&& 2P2;7
d. 7-X,6" # 2,2$A*DP2#*3‡3+ 3Y>6
;7B 23Y$A*D:72>;<
N #0!7-X346" # 2,2$A*DP2 #
= #B;7;3‡3+ 3Y>6;7*; 23Y$A*D:7
2>
9&;79'#73Y$A*D"(*'-.3Y$A*D*6P2
;733FB-*+:A2J;7; 9+;3C$D3Y$A*DP2#
e. & 2,7&*>;01  2P2;7;<
N #0!& 2,7&*>;01  2P2;7
:;<
#-/ƒ8P2•60 ,82 #)7J:-;72 B(;-
-F2 ;- #S,7&$ 32 !
 =(
 ZDE( iJ2>5F( k
 9$:*'(
  U(
  )-/ #0( iK>AE2#A-.k
− A-.iBEB%+k

− AEi-A3CB) FBPqB-/ #0k
  827 #0( *7(
\
fA*D;7
'-.3
Y$A*D
8)
; #0:
b%-XP2
;7
76" # 2
,2$A*DP2#
73‡3+ 
3Y>6;7
73‡-X 23
Y$A*D:72>
N73Y$A
*D
 7"C-/3F-+ G282;01 (
 GA #0( i0 Sk
=>?@ABC;DB99BCCB9EFG<DHFIDF<HBIJ?F<K@DCAL
– 7N>K;=K2 2$Z2;N>B^b 3K33b>>-B2>2-^*K83#>‰b2>8K.
• „*%( i~K-$>‰b $#k!+
• P( i=>k!b%78GF1 2+I26J7*6 28>:
• I*tP2P( i8>J-K3k!, #0 F1 #0A08>;
$>2*'' F,-F1 2+I26 2*6J7p9#)7#0 F7&
0F1 2+#-)<b%2#uP2F1 2+K>621 #0A0>03%
8>;$>2<
• p'S( ib2KK>‰8>J-K3k!NE3%J0uP27F1 2+#K>6
21 #0A0>0P2:BVJ+8>*+G 7#0 Fƒ

03%2#u1 2+8>+: Š
1. Thành lập các câu hỏi:
• ZF1 2+I26 2*6J7JtS 2#0-90><
• 7F1 2+#78GK>620><
• 7#0 Fƒ03%2#u#<
• 7 E*7*'FV8>*+78G7F1 2+#<
2. Mô hình lý thuyết:
• f%2K>)P2~>8$inhk.q>( #*),>€;G82*+0-97
F1 2+B3%2#uK>62B7#0 Fƒ03%2#u*/„2P2*+,-;0
V4( #B3C$D7098z86.DGB282&J5*I
2#u8>1 2+F71 276;†ƒ Š=7)f*z29I:#*‚
,28>1 2+6 2{6J78> • (P2+
• f%28)P2~>8$B7j282)-/ #0>3%8>:!
3. Các giả thuyết nghiên cứu:
 NE3%J0uP27F1 2+ 2{J71 #0A0>0P23( 2
K>62BVJ+8>*+G 7#0 Fƒ03%2#u1 2+ 2{J78>-„
*%78GJ::b2>8KBƒ8&82->; *% Š=7)fZF1 2
+#,5:K>622#;B7&P2z6 2B6J70*+;$>2
VJ+8>*+G 7#0 Fƒ03%2#uP2F1 2+
M"&-
• I7&F*1 -/ • (
• s #8)3%78GF1 2+8>+
N<#+O61'PQ!RS !&T1O#U+&'#(
$0.HJ3
J"Q
 Z(&9#P2$A*D8% #0,7&0(&U2jP26$Q;<
h
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Cam kết
 Z(&7(P2$A*D8% #0,7&0(&U2jP26$Q;<
 b%J>P2$A*D8% #0,7&0(&U2jP26$Q;<
 Z(&23‹P2$A*D8% #0,7&0(&U2jP26$Q;<
 +I )P2$A*D8% #0,7&0(&U2jP26$Q;<
 b%Q.P27$A*D8% #0,7&0(&U2jP26$Q;<
3%V
=z)( ABR2827-
P2!
Githuy0t H1!9P2;7*(&9#P2$A*D#‚2#)(&U2jP2qF
*$A*D,‚2#K>
Githuy0t H2: 9P2;7*(&7(‚2#)(&U2jP2qF*$A*D,

‚2#K>
Githuy0t H3: 9P2;7*3%J>‚2#)(&U2jP2qF*$A*D,‚
2#K>
Githuy0t H4: 9P2;7*(&23‹P2$A*D#‚2#)(&U2jP2qF
*$A*D,‚2#K>
Githuy0t H5: 9P2;7*+I )P2$A*D‚2#)(&U2jP2q
F*$A*D,‚2#K>
Githuy0t H6: 9P2;7*3%Q.P27$A*D2>)(&U2jP2qF*
$A*D2>
<@WEP!5!&!&5SKX4Y1*%
Loại nghiên cứu!A-.
Phương pháp nghiên cứu!c=di> K82$K$K-K>KK8*KŒk
Kích thước mẫu!H
Địa điểm nghiên cứu!d32J -i?kBc;282inkBd•8i\\k
 U!
 :3C$D;,6" #;!
 $Q
 Ž'-SO7
 Z&-SO7
 {?7-S
 H{W7-S
 Z•‚-S
 Ž•‚&-S
 :3C$D;>DE!
 *+  f -A  2
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? :,>8mj;1 F2*1 F075<
 ,  
H :,'#m+;J2#*€78‹
 ,  

M :tt34qj;78‹-;1 F2O1 F0*)78‹
 ,  
W :, F( F;587 #0J2#78‹.E8<
 ,  
\ :,E$ -A*3‡38G,.8+$ -A328q<
 ,  
h :,3‡38;>8>3 '‚8 #0J2#78‹0 ,-J*€<
 ,  
n w>J0 uP2J:!
 NE!
 =8)&q*'!
 =G q
 =8 q
 '?
 :q>V2>
 q
 =)8:+!
 =%;$>2
 ‚-
 -*+
 7
? :,E3C$D;78‹2#;<
 J2>6
 Ž
 ;
 =63C$D
  - 3C$D
H :-%2qj;G$ #G$%2
*>7VG>32 #<


>8)FBJ> #0J2#2>
f20j;
=S3FJ2#O-AJ2#
p€8‹'
&•0*9)
N05*G>7
8);70
•8.2>$A1 2:
>€u*€ #G #G
JA8@ #0
=E-•#GG1 #u$VJ2#
=+8> #0J2#
Câu 7: Mục đích của kỹ thuật phân tích nhân tố
{ Làm giảm biến, tăng biến.
p+3C$D7;o 9EFm>-67J0( 82,93%7J+i;
8Q-tk= #B;-R>3C$D;o 9#•-7J0( JAB;
8>1 78)EF-:" '+J0( i(--‚J0k
{ Dịch chuyển các yếu tố thành phần đo lường một biến này sang biến khác T8>1 78)( B6
 ( 827#0 FSP2J0( w;77*-/- 9;E"7$r0
*+#0 FS#-:; &J0( w-:D &*>J0;7i3CJ0_kf>,
;3C$D;o 9EF6( 34;G82.7#0 FS)V82,D
 &*>J0( w2#;2#D &*>J0_
{ b2 ;8R8E.7F*- -:7J0BR2343C$D7J0#2#>9
.J0FG2*>7E0K>;GA8 J)BcepcB1 2l51 #
Câu 8: Sự giống nhau và khác nhau giữa: nghiên cứu hàn lâm và nghiên cứu ứng dụng
( - ( ($D
72
{ Mục đích!( -ikm*>D
E"#$%*;GA-/ #0;>2q[ 9
$I-+ G"#$%*;GA-/ #0;>2q

{ Kết quả nghiên cứu!m*>*+8271 #0
A*28;K8>&#DG
{ Công bố kết quả:JF87:E;>2q
-*28;K
{ Mục đích!( ($Dm*>DE
 9$I-+ G821 #0A;$>2
- Kết quả nghiên cứu!D*D>*+821 #0A*
28;K8>&#DG
- Công bố kết quả:.JF8&8j
NF2
{ 7*D3C$D8>( -*( ($D F2 
{ fI-+ -8qP27$%7( $Q--2#($D
pE$Dq2
pE$D&( -P2&;>2q
8>&86:q*F1 2+I278A*
8>*‚,2;$>22)( #m
*>DE"#$%*;GA&-/ #0;>2qB
1 2*+)G F1 2+I22J0B78A*

pE$D&( ($D*7$DP21 
7>F*$>2 P2&#( m
*>DE)G #0 F1 7>7$D0
>0*+‚2#$>2 P2#Bz,
#,1 #0ARt
Câu 9: Vì sao phải chọn mẫu? Sự giống nhau và khác nhau giữa chọn mẫu trong nghiên cứu định tính và nghiên cứu
định lượng.Cho vd minh họa.
Gợi ý:
Vì sao phải chọn mẫu?
Chọn mẫu giúp tiết kiệm chi phí!E,*28X1 28q8>1 #0A%+$%7( *) 5
37( -,:3F-.SC( -)E%+>*+( 2>

$>,26%+( Jm7Lq&r ,;EU 3>*7G
( 85zP2r jqGu1 7>7*&9#'9.
Chọn mẫu giúp tiết kiệm thời gian!*)( - S$I-+ ;A6G"#$%>V;GA-/ #0;>2
q
Chọn mẫu có thể cho kết quả chính xác hơn!8>( ,->:323F$>qr ib`k*323F;$>qr
i`k0 b`•`qr >;01 E"7
Đảm bảo tính ngẫu nhiên, đại diện, chính xác
Sự giống nhau và khác nhau giữa chọn mẫu trong nghiên cứu định tính và định lượng. Cho ví dụ minh họa.
Giống nhau!
=)G IVEP2F.S( 
Khác nhau!
Tiêu chí Nghiên cứu định tính Nghiên cứu định lượng
Er EU E-
7qr "73 ' =6-K>"73 '

?ZDE w#$%-/ #0 GA-/ #0
HF.qr {G"7A8T8
{ Zr qK>-/ #0 F"#$%
iK>8K2-32-k
{w7A8T8i8; 9$I
-+ k
{XU(&:$+
Ví dụ: ( * #22q-2>q1 8A;$>2P2q*;,2B:q=
=Z
=2,G%+( 8Jm7qr K>7AE>VA-.!
Phương pháp định tính:=234q82J273%P27-B&3Fq*G)G%+ &U*'=8
3ƒ7 8-6B234u;0827 #E;22;,2qP2q*
Phương pháp định lượng: w#$%J Uj-+;77 #E7 ##,G,
.zI( AEj%+8;2b2 ;,J U*778-6B2,G7
0  820zq*P23F->V03Fq*P27- /3F-.0  82-

3F-.6U*'ƒ8=83ƒ778-6B2343C$D77E3F-+ G$r
07;0- 9
Câu 10: Sự giống nhau và khác nhau giữa xây dựng lý thuyết khoa học và kiểm định lý thuyết khoa học. Cho vd minh
họa.
Gợi ý:
Giống nhau:
{  0( 7-/ #0;>2q[-&9P2I;7+BA„2* #08)J#
,+F1 27F1 2+I27;7+BmDEE*$%J7>7+.;>2
q
{ s 78)( "#$%-/ #0;>2q*;GA-/ #0;>2q 5SJ!"#$%-/
 #0=*( aBDE FQ-1 #0.;Ku( j82
{ *+S 8>1 #8)-"7A.*'( {;Ku( 
{ 7 #0-78-6> U( 


Khác nhau:
Xây dựng lý thuyết khoa học Kiểm định lý thuyết khoa học
{ ZD !w#$%-/ #0;>2q
{ N #0."#$%z$I-+ i;01 
( k*- #0-/ #0
{ N #0;;.7JG 8>J7>7>
;01 ( 0 8>SJ+- 9j 8T
F1 2+I27;7+85
{ =63C$D7( AE[
1 #:!$%2*>71 237*+.;>2qG
"#$%)E7+.;>2qB
;77827-/ #0;>2q
{ s #  8)    (  J!  ( • /
 #0
{ w#$%-/ #0K>1 78)

{ s #8)AE"#$%-/ #0;>2q!
o S-/ #0=!
Ku‘• U( 
/ #0‘•w#$%-/ #0
o S( a!
=0;0(
=%+(
Z)* #0(
{fI-+ .3C$D, $:;72 B #
$I-+ AE. 91 2>- 9
i,B2#k*1 237B-,$I-+ P#0 
{ ZD !GA-/ #0;>2q
{ N #0.3 #$@z-/ #0*2-
;01 ( B*- #0;GA
{ N #06.7JG 8T88>J7>
7>;01 ( i-F1 2+I27;7
+( k
{ =63C$D7( A-.
[$@$A!JtS z7-/ #0;>2qj,G
3 #$@827 #0**'( *
9$I-+ G;GA7 #0#
{ s #8)( J!/ #0•
( 
{ GA-/ #0K>32
{ s #8)A-.;GA-/ #0;>2q!
o S-/ #0=!
Ku‘• U(
/ #0‘•)B #0
o S( a!
w#$%2>

GA2>
GA)B #0
{fI-+ .3C$DJ2>5!$I-+ j,3‡ij
. 9ki$I-+ ;>37kB$I-+ 2,3‡B$I
-+ 2,8A86
Ví dụ:
Giả sử: R2"#$%-/ #0*F1 2+I2>7-j:>P2`e03%&*P2
*!
=2%+32 !
S-/ #0!282I UG)827>7-j:>P2`e*3%&*P2*=8
3ƒIG5BR234"#$%-/ #0*3%ƒI2>7-j:>P2
`e03%&*P2*
S%+!
Giả sử: R2j,-/ #0*F1 2+I2>7-j:>P2`e03%&*P2*
=234%+;GA-/ #082%+
=2,G%+32 !=63C$D77AE=6"#$%7 UGU*'
7`e*7*'$=83ƒ7 8-634)827•1 21 2+I2>7-j
:>P2`e03%&*P2*
S-/ #0!=83ƒ-/ #0j,B234V7 UG;G(-/ #0#B"#$%)G
;G82BV7 #0*F1 21 2+I2>7-j:>P2`e03%&*P2*
S%+!=63C$D77A-.=83ƒ9$I-+ j,B2"#$%2>
G77(&ƒP2zFb2 ;V2>BR234;GA2>GJ>E
E"7=83ƒ$I-+ j 9*3C$D77E$I-+ R234277;0
- 9*'9>VJ7JU #0#
Câu 11: Thiết kế nghiên cứu giải thích được sử dụng trong trường hợp nào? Cho ví dụ và chỉ rõ biến nghiên
cứu và biến tác động.
Gợi ý:
( EiK"-22>8#8K3K28k.2$%28 E-!;01 :.P2&( 
=8>( E)F1 2+I2J0D &iJ0( k*J0&-9iJ07&k
.-.>7GE:32>iŒ#k,F1 2+#[,„2-( E) #

i2 3Kk*-/$>i8K23>k,F1 2+I2J0&-9*J0D &
?
pE$D!=8>&( "7A7#0 Fƒ0G8 J)>7P2q3R2
 #08mBG8 J)>7P2q3JA7&Jƒ7#0 F32 ! #SB3F6%qB(&
# E>7B(&# E7>*$:#>7Bq-%8 J)P2q3
=8>*E$D8BJ0( -G8 J)>7P2q37J07&-! #SB3F6
%qB(&# E>7B(&# E7>*$:#>7Bq-%8 J)P2q3
Câu 12: Mối quan hệ của mục tiêu nghiên cứu, câu hỏi nghiên cứu và giả thiết nghiên cứu? Cho ví dụ
Gợi ý:
F*J';)&( ;>2q>B*+S *1 28q'E-"7A.BD
( {I> F( #*q34:.B;7782>V1 #0.;>
*+( 
ZD ( ;:.B1 #0.1 2( 348ƒ;01 ( 
 U( -7 U.)8P2D ( Gƒ8&7*'D
GB,S-0*A>1 78)( *&$ B•7%+B
56:F.*:*S)G G:.D ( B7 U( .
V82
 U( 56•.8-61 2;01 ( 
G"#$% U( FBD ( ."7A8T8
N #0( -I9A*;01 P2*'( B- 8-6A> U
( 
f%2*>7 #0" 'B( %+71 237BE*;G(7;0- 9A
,
p+282 #0* 9z%0"j&G;G(-&$ P#0 P2( N
 #0-3ƒB-;ƒG>&8)( B,*28XA>8)( ,
& #0.;G(B.;’A),34-3ƒ-/- 9R>69(3 *J
'*'( 
f>,B #0,G.>-I$%>7,‚(;>2q*IVGBJ'BF-+P2
73%*9B+..( 2#$%>7*;01 ( 
N #0( -DB7- 9P#0 >*+u(1 78)( m:.

D ( j"7A
pE$D!( ]“ƒP2*‚,2#03%2;0tJ,*u(P27*-
*+8>7$>2+ƒ=ZgP2•=D#2[2>qs=fB:q;0=Z{h
ZD ( !;777;E2:*‚,2#,7&E%07&2;0BtJ,*u
(P27*-*+8>7$>2+ƒ=Z
 U( !7;E2:*‚,2#>,,7&E%07&2;0BtJ,*u(
P27*-*+8>7$>2+ƒ=Z<
N #0( !
f%2*>( P2aK28$>*”> #nn\BA7;E2:*‚,2#,7&E%07
&2;0BtJ,*u(P27*-*+8>7$>2+ƒ=Z•J2>5h;E2
:32 !
{N2>08>u(
{>:>*78G
{Sƒ*3%9
{+ 1 8>*+821 #0A
{'98P8>$>37:>*0
{A*;0>:-2
{*+,
{b%Jm*'1 78>7E371 8A
Câu 13: Quy trình thiết kế bảng câu hỏi.
s #8)0;0J U58 bước:
Bước 1: Xác định cụ thể dữ liệu cần thu thập
− +;S#P*0BDG7$I-+ S 9>$%7( 
− 0;0J US$%2*>*'( * S j"7AG0;07
U>*+ 97$I-+ #
Bước 2: Xác định dạng phỏng vấn.,H$:
#-J1 28q$>Q#K>7.q2340;0J U;72 
H
! IQ#Z$&[!$:U*'( $Q*U*'0F.
U*'2#6q0&A2G'AGU*'

Ưu điểm:
− f>0"R8%0;EE.3%8-6
− NE7 U68-62G 2#G 32
− b '8-6i8K3>3K82Kk*3 '>'P2J U342>
− >€U*'*3C$D78.*'D;S0
Nhược điểm:
− b%+$+P2*U*'-ƒ078-P2F.U*'
− E2>
− 0 1 -/;V4),;‚U*'*%*>J U
4 IQ#Z6!1[0: U*'8%$+U*'*,;‚EB;E
E3%8-6Eƒ078-6P2q
Ưu điểm:
− NE
− b '8-6*3 '>';72>
Nhược điểm:
−  UXU(&02>U*'8%0
− 3C$D.>IF.;,+>:
− U*'*EJm-6(;$Q78.*'D
 IQ#Z4Y+,NC0F.( Gq%q*8-6R
Ưu điểm:
− 0 y3 '8-62>)E'
− 78-6;A 3%7&P2U*'*
− =87.86.U*'*%*>J U
Nhược điểm:
−  UXU2>'*(&0*8T8
− b '8-6*>'8''
& IQ#Z6!05$5:
Ưu điểm!
− 2BEF;€
Nhược điểm:

− b '8-6'
− 7F.; &*>A86( 
Bước 3: Đánh giá nội dung câu hỏi
− &$  Uƒ0;‚.7P268-6B:> ;+>q> F2
2*8-68 %
− S,I7UE.U2jD ( P2)
− =%8-67 U!
 68-6,G  U;<
 q,;<
? q, ';<#
H =q ',R$I-+ S 9;<
Bước 4: Xác định hình thức trả lời. ,)(!
! J"Q1!7 U,78-6>3‡*68-63‹-%2q&2# 8-68>7
8-6>3‡.$ P#0 8>( A-.
 f: UA68-6q&8>2
pf!:,"K; 8-6-%2q->V*%
 f: UA3t"0(%
pf!j#3t"0(%(&ƒ01 #0A 2P2J:i#0 F>1 28q
'73FB;€73F*E1 28q'73F?k 8-6G3t"032 !N7
B=+ BZr j
? f: U> -%2q
M
pf!=8>7+ ;732 BJ:q+ > 8-6-%2q!>2
>-2BK3BbK*K^
Ưu điểm!
− =$I-+  9.$@$E*"C-/
Nhược điểm!
− =0 3 *E,3%;7J+
− =-+$>7 8-6A3‡i$>-+z/ƒP26V82 Uk
−  8-6A3‡,G;7R/;0P26.UB8-60 3%&j>

4 J"Q\$: U;, 8-63‡.$ P#0 8>( AE
pf!/$>>J:E3C$D$S &S 8><
Ưu điểm!
− 68-6%$>$@:**7&P2)87JA-+/ƒP268-6Bq
&j>
− fI-+  9>RB '3 i'-;V6U*',;+k
− >3 R(  .•J8>
Nhược điểm!
− 78-66JA+$>U*'*,t78-6-S#PI)68-6$@
:
− p+U*'B+ L*j,2$I-+ F 62*3(•E2>
− wC-/BE$I-+ ;,
Bước 5: Xác định cách dùng thuật ngữ, từ ngữ thích hợp (bao gồm cả dịch câu hỏi và mã hóa câu hỏi)
<
 fQzB$@G B1 K &B-A3%$‹>3C$Q 9IQ.*z*Q
( BJ)6m#SQ.8)&B;0(F.8-6
 =87 U$$XB0DGFzu1 20DG
? =87 U>22# 8-6Q&-R=87 U€>V;,-F>7;
J0>V;J)- 9
pf!;K$>•3,ngon*bổ dưỡng;<
H =87 U./;EE68-6":K>$r8> UBA8-6
pf!Bạn có đồng ý sữa đặc có đường nhãn hiệu Cô Gái Hà Lan là loại sữa có chất lượng có chất lượng cao
nhất không?=8> U#B( j$r/>68-6*1 2G'-.P2j
+ 
M =87 U,28-6;Jm-+7&P268-6
pf!:,E3I29 ;<=2>8-632 34-+7&P268-6*
E!pQEikBa'EikB=Ei?kB=:.iHkBEiMk
W =87 8-6Jt62>7*)62;G>V;G>7.B>V
$%28A*);;G(.
pf!:$QJ2> ;AK>8>7

\ =87U8%0I*'87
Bước 6: Xác định trình tự, cấu trúc bảng câu hỏi=6.2?S!
 S:-q!J2>57 UmDEq68-68>A86( D 
 SE!J2>57 UG 9$I-+ >D ( 
? S$I-+ *768-6
Bước 7: Xác định hình thức bảng câu hỏi – thiết kế trình bày.
−  U,)(–34;EE3%.7P268-6
− 7S.8)J#8J+G•8.U*'*8>1 28)U*'
Bước 8: Thử lần thứ 1 •Sửa chửa •Bản nháp cuối cùng
#-; 8'1 28q8>*+ 9$I-+ b2 ;0;0J US0C*
3I2I2G>LJ U8;2*>U*'7#0 FS"K"€!E.-/B&$B3t"0
&$ 
SCS i—K3k.%+1 2*+U*'B2;>/;0&3F*
( ;78>*A* L-:b2 ;L3C2J U#.q-J7 FQ
7 FQ.1 2-SC(i˜K3k=8>-S#BU*'68-6%3%8>A
86( ;mDE 9$I-+ m77J UiF.
W
( ,G R U;Bq ',R-S0;B™kI2B-SC#
m;G82;‚U*'P2U*'*
b2 ; Lƒ-S(#BR2,J U>LB3‡3>*+U*'
Câu 14: Phân biệt mục đích sử dụng của 3 loại nghiên cứu mơ tả, giải thích, khám phá.
* Ngh iên cứu mơ tả:-I( m282&+F8(*$:3*9BR>6
J+.3%;72 B*J'I23%*9#*3%*9;7
&$ ,GJ2>5)7B&7B7ˆAE(-7V8*'
P23%*9ˆA-.mL8T7V8*-.P23%*9B*Ihành vi hiện tạiiš2BŒ>B
ŒK8KBŒK™k
* Nghiên cứu giải thích!-I( m-8T #$r03%)*1 #- 9F
1 78)*9&P23%*9
&$ P2E,GJ2>5E 5Fˆ&7ˆ' 8Rˆ7ˆ9 1 ˆ1 #- 9
 F1 78)*9&P23%*9Bquan hệ giữa các biến (biến nghiên cứu và biến tác động); và cần

lượng hóa mối quan hệ này (Why?).
*Nghiên cứu khám phá:-( m-82&3%*92z5:>2q;J2>6$z
-:ƒ*$%J7>- *>3%37:>77:>0B;77bản chất của hiện tượng
nghiên cứu (How?).
Câu15: Giống và khác nhau của bản câu hỏi cho nghiên cứu định tính và nghiên cứu định lượng? Cho VD.
 Giống nhau:
o .0;0mDE 93'
o  ,S!
 S+ *:-q!m+ DE( *:-qF.
(
 SE! 9$I-+ (
 Khác nhau:
Nghiên cứu định tính Nghiên cứu định lượng
•  U-$J$r>- 9
• P#0 $Q UƒB;, 8-63‡B6
8-6>>%$>$@:78-6P2)Bm
DE$r>- 9→$I-+  9.
>RB .I]J8>gP2
6F.( 
•  U,G$B>V#82- 9
• D &( ;>- 9
• L2E'./ U.78Gz8
-6P26.U*'B*)*9#I2I6
.U*';72 B,G,&3F U;7
2 ˆ7 U;'0K>(%A
3‡
•  U0
• P#0 $Q U,B,78
-6>3‡B68-634q&
2# 8-68>78-6,→

$I -+  9 . E > R

•  U6tqB;#
82- 9
• ŽD &6 9
• .3>:3‡K>' 8RFAB
;2#u8>1 78) 9

fJ$r>- 98>( AE5S!
{ S+ *:-q!m+ DE( *:-qF.( 
{ S7 U./*$r1 78)>- 9G 9$I-+ 
 U8>( A-.65?S!
o S:-q!J2>57 UmDEq68-68>A86( 
o SE!J2>57 UG 9$I-+ >D ( 
o S$I-+ *768-6
pE$D
“+ + + " O +12
1
61'1] !+1]+"$'$
*+^[<!”.
_

* 

4- 



" 


Q 

1' 

7
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A
86
n cOA> F,.  92>B2,
8>&62
t
 ?H
M
 ?H
M
 ?H
M
 ?H
M

 cOA1 202>$A&J&P27u ?H
M
cOA1 20(&S P2J:J•B5+ ?H
M
 cOA1 20L3FNf ?H
M
? cOA1 20L3Fd ?H
M
H cOA1 20-j3 'P27: ?H
M
M
cOA1 207E37 0A86
(;>7P2P#
J2(;>7
 ?H
M
W cOA1 20(3-6P2;S * ?H
M
\cOA1 20(3-6P2;S J'&3
?H
M

hcOA1 20EJ:P2A86 ?H
M
n 
cOA1 20F&‚8ƒP2A86
(
>7
?cOA 1 2 0 7 J  EB 7 7 A
86(;>7p+2P27u(E

>bBZ>82b2-K#BdZ~™
n
Câu 16: Trình bày kết cấu một bài nghiên cứu về kinh tế (làm rõ phần nào bắt buộc và phần nào ko bắt buộc).
=8-6!i$%2*>3-$KS#>>k
 =J*0iJtJ &k
• tBqBE"7
• w 0-%2qP–
 F.qJ*0iJtJ &k
• w7A&J*0-2<6-2>&B #2BEPBG,*‚>Q.
? =7*A2LiJtJ &k
H =,ti;JtJ &k
• =,-.( 32>>;$9#E0 ;†P2&
Mp'( iJtJ &k
• w7A-„*%(
• = –-„*%( P(
• w7A*t
•  *'(
• 8TI)77;7-*I)7$%;0-
• N:;2*62
W U( iJtJ &k
• 8-68>3 FJ*0
• =F2-z?0H U
• -3%7uO-%2q-] 8-6j.J08g
•  U( 8&)7827 U–
\N0( i;JtJ &k
• .V32  U(
• NA."#$%8*'( *; -/ #0
• =6- UL,2-%2q-,2#;<i_K3O>k
h7( iJtJ &k
• =F;*3>37i3C$D*;GA[31 28K$k!Z& B2 BJ2 *J2 

• E1 2B2891 2*/„2F;
• E51 #iaK8K33>22-#33k
• E •62ibcadZck
• Z),2B289:>7"j&BN`OZU
• EFi~2>822-#33k
• U*'
• bše=B`b=BZd`
• =09G0id3 >2-28>2k
• E Eick
nfI-+ ( iJtJ &k
• fI-+ 3'
• fI-+ ('
Z)-/ #0iJtJ &k
• 7( 8#
• ->:*77
( %+i;JtJ &k
• ( %+."K-Jm(P27-/ #0
• ( %+6>7;01 87 2 B$>!
 71 F2B*Q,2>:78G;72 
 72 *-A3CB*‚,2B"j&BE8ABG0
 E37;0*"j&;72
 709*';72 B3F-+ *);72 
• u;0&J( %+B,7 (32 !2B6
2B709B;01 ( 
EF;*i;JtJ &k
• bC$DJF;& B2 BJ2 *I2S03C$DJ;[31 28K$
G;G823%;7J+
• =8-67 U( Jm3F-+ *2827;01 3J&i" 0B1 2B0*90 ,
Gk
• ZD -;GA3J&0( V82ƒ8

• fQ)*4B35q2
?Z)DGiJtJ &k
• bF-+ 3C$D8>)i3'B('k
• ZJ&3F-+
• o 9-'#r i32-K1 K3k
• =E:$+*;71 7P2J&3F-+ G,G3 #82;0- 9>uG( 2#L;08>r
( 
• =Q#K>*'( ,)E.
• R/00*:P2)
• =C)$ 8278&70*:#iUƒ7;AJ;72 k
• )- 9 .GP2z;AJ
• 0 ;01 ( '1 7*SEF;*3>37)J:j,-6:**'
( 
• NE;01 ( !N0B/„2%@i0)<kˆ/„2*q 9i( 0K>-
)<k
H0- 9iJtJ &k
• =,-.7(
• =,-.7;77E
• 0Ai0 ,k
• :0P2( 
• ( ƒ8&
MD-D*-+ 2;>iJtJ &k
• 0 JJG $;>zž82'#8ƒ-BG*>SD-DG6q+K>$TJFD>J
*0
• S-/ #090$$XB•G*>SD-D
• =-+ 2;>3t"0K>(%c
Câu 17: Trình bày phương pháp trích dẫn tài liệu theo cách Harvard (trích dẫn trực tiếp, trích dẫn gián tiếp, cách ghi
danh mục tài liệu tham khảo và các vấn đề trích dẫn khác).
G 8E$r28*28$3C$DhọP27B0,-năm xuất bảnpJB3F82.8>7S
8E$r8>J*0i8E$r #*‚>V$@kG6q$@);00qS

o $2D2;>;G 28*28$."0K>(%I77i*77=#-
‰2-#2KO>$K‰2 KkB;S73F(%B
o Y 8E$r.RE-E232 Jm7*‚" 'J-+ B8>>VB
o 0 Y 8E$r;G $@I*7-&S8> B‚" 'JP2-+ ,34
.V8>>V-32 7B
o 0 &-+ P2&7B7i;S*0tk8>>V*‚" '
JB72 Jm;>8ti;,$' Y#kB0 S)L8T3F82B
o 0 Y 8E$r, 5Fz&7cB;q8%07cJ01 27
B8>>V7c*‚" 'J-+ P27ci;.q8%0kB
;•K>32 JmŸ!ŸQ**‚" 'JP27i.q8%0kB
o 0 &-+ P227B278>>VBFJm$' ŸlŸB*‚" 'J32
7(2B;,$' Y#B
o 0 &-+ P2J27B-SS 8E$rJ27BF27S Jm$' Y#B7
(J2Jm$' ŸlŸB‚" 'J32 7 FQB;,$' Y#B
o -+ P2J27ƒ-S8E$r(2B*-+ P2JF78ƒ-B7S *ŸK2-Ÿ
iF2K2 B„2-Ÿ*I6;7Ÿk*‚" 'Jˆ
o 0 &Y 8E$rz -+ P2&6O,B6O,,8>>VBK>
32 Jm‚" 'JP2'7-+ K>R(%*78>$2D2;>BI2
7‚72 Jm$' Y#iL-;>8tI2‚S *732 QkB
o 0 Y 8E$r, 5Fz -+ B'77-+ .8>&V>V
-32 BI2•7O,7P2&-+ 72 Jm$' 'Y#B77
*‚" 'J>•6O,F8ˆ
,278E$r8>>:*‚!
• =8E$r8%0i1 >2>k!32>€E"7zIB B>:*‚7$Q 8E$r #*‚
phải.G8>$' >V;€=86.#bắt buộc3F82P2 58E
• =8E$r70i282823k!$@ IP27;7Jm IP2)B3C$DzI;7
;-;7„2 #F8E$r;G $@);JtJ &3F82= #
*+3F82-S0B'-;8E$rz37>Vz&-+ $G6q,G$@$"7
A)S
Câu 18: Hiện tượng đa cộng tuyến? Hiện tượng phương sai sai số thay đổi. Làm thế nào để nhận dạng?

Đa cộng tuyến trong hàm tương quan
+.2& #0" '+;I27J0&-9,3%1 22>*2 
G;G82+.2& #0BL3F6$Q-+3F,:32pd~ip282Kd‰-2>
~2>8k=60 pd~•" '+2& #0
N3C8>&1 22J08>,J0#-J0D &Bw

*w

-2J0&-9B0 w

,
F1 2+1 22>*w

*9#˜

34,7&03%2#uP2w


 #34-*+E7+3FP21 2;E"7
Đa cộng tuyến hòan hảo và không hòan hảo
2& #0>>" '+;,&J0&-9,1 2+1 28'2>*J0D &$>,,
J2>8Q7&07J0;7&-9;7
2& #0;>>!" '+;,F1 2+1 22>C27J0&-9*)*9#,7
&0E'-.P2)
Hiện tượng phương sai thay đổi
KK8>3;K$23#!" '+;*: #0!]32-+P21 2,32;ug
 ##82+.#<
 ,3%;7J+7;GP2J0D &8>7*AqY 
 F. 82#,;+
? ,3%0* L*+ 9

H w '+> -K83
Hiện tượng Heteroskedasticity thuần túy
NAP21 2!S,>K>3;K$23#
 *28iK

k‘¡

‘2im3Fk
 0 A#JA*:)*28iK

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 #,„232P2732-+J0K>78AP2J0&-9
+.KK8>3;K$23# SR#" '+;32P2732-+2#uK>&y8qK>
&#0 F•>,i8>>8>2-#‰2>8•k
,„2-*28iK

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¢

G82+.KK8>3;K$23$*#
 Z),I32-+VQ2#;<
 =8>*'(  8Bz802#," '++.KK8>3;K$23#2#;<
? fQ35F7Gi32K8->kG+F1 2+I2732-+iS$kK>78AP2J0w

G;G82+.KK8>3;K$23#
H fQ28;K3

 v-.778AP21 2*32>- $I-+ *32-+OS$iK88>8K8k
 '#->P2J)7S$*-91 2P2,K>->P2J0y-+¢
? bC$D{K3G;G82&9#F;P2J0y-+•
M šK{K3
 v-.778AP21 2*32>- $I-+ *32-+OS$iK88>8K8k
 )S$*-91 2P2,K>J0wBw

B*J07I2w*7J0
&-9X-:
? bC$D{31 28KK3G;GA(/„2F;P21 2N78A;GAE-
}a

E-ƒY Xa
-
+3F"7Aj. L9%$>Jm*3F-.J08>
1 2#
H 0 78A;GA#-78A  YBR234zF #0

i32P2S
$;J0uk*'98m+.32S$J0Ju-,%
Câu 19: Trình bày ưu điểm và nhược điểm của các phương pháp phỏng vấn trực tiếp, phỏng vấn qua thư tín và phỏng
vấn qua mạng.
• Phương pháp phỏng vấn bằng thư i2-K8*KŒ):
£&$ 7!NƒJ Uj3>:3‡B;•>J)j$7K06 F 821 26J
+0 q*+8#BF. 82348-6*ƒ-:J U>1 2 82•1 26J
+
Š$D;62SU8';,FVB$>qƒ1 7"2B2#q3F1 77B2#q3Fƒ; $
88';,*>B2#q &;$>2 FV1 2J>*+;/™ˆ;*'S 82 &->:;,
,B8i’:!;0>:>72)B 9B B™kˆ;*'S 82%;†'$rF*6
.U*'i’:!DI**'oYB1 8A**'1 -/B™kˆ;*'S 82S

0,3%2;>82( 'A>,™
£v G!
,G 82*3F-.-*AB,G90 *'80AB,G$Q)>:;•
*J U= 9 >68-6*)q,62G3 #„;o 8-6Bq,G8-6*>-R88•
E 82'ˆE‚'B*)LFƒB(;F;€Q-2>>U*'*
78-6;JA7&Jƒ3%+$+P2U*'*=873%%8-6P2U*'*
£.G!
= #y-+8-66'B' 626.*5B;;G3>7.68
-6B68-6,G;RF.2t™
• Phương pháp phỏng vấn bằng điện thoại iK-K>KK8*KŒk!
£&$ 7!* 820*+U*'F.. 82Jm+>:K>&J
 U.3>:3‡
Š$D;r ( 5 F.-1 2"E+B2#I6, 92>i*)q
,+>:kˆ>VF.( JF78 A2J)U*'Jm+>:,E'
U*'Jm3C$D;0.U*'Jm+>:*7 9$I-+ ;7G‚
+ 1 P27
£v G!
f@0-91 2+*F.i*)K+>:8K>BF.,3%R8-6k,G;G3>7.*'
*$>,2>.'-.U*'f@qr i*)#"E+>•,+>:B$%2*>
7+>:34$@$qr k=y-+8-62>i,G-0hœk2*0;+E,G0J
 U8>1 78)U*'i,G0GJ U>+B>V,G2#u(% Uk
= #;V8%0F.( U*'**r,;‚EB;EE3%.7P2
68-6E-ƒ078-6P2q
£.G!
= #62U*'JA:0*)68-66;3‡-X, #+- 1 2+>:B
;6SUzF8-62#;,ƒ™G8)J#7r >:*r 1 7>B-+ ™G
‚$X/;00 F.( ;,+>:);G%+.$:U*'#
• Phương pháp phỏng vấn cá nhân trực tiếp iK83>2-K8*KŒ3k!
£&$ 7!* 820V8%0F.. 82GU*'K>&J U
j3>:3‡

Š$D;+.( (:BS 9 $I-+ ˆ; F‚$X/;0F.1 2
7 Utq*,G8-62.B™
£v G!
f>VV8%0* 82,G #0DF.8-6B,GE8T>F.*
7 UB,G$Q);0.*-6,GEB,G;G82$I-+ :•8;*>0 
82
£.G!
3%+$+P2U*'*,G-ƒ 8-6P2F.( E>$:U*'
#8'2>,G"#82+.U*'*%*>J U
• Phương pháp phỏng vấn qua mạng:
£v G!
= 9+>6U*'*6.U*'
E'
,G3C$DGU7 U8
,G .-. 8-62>*I82ŒKJ, #E
£.G!
f>U*'1 2:;J08T.E76U*'
w7A*'SU*';.E"7$>6U*'.3 #„B,G8-6K>F'
(;-%0$@82a'G F.8-6; &*>A86( 
Câu 20: Khi nào nhà nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp phân tích hồi qui. Trình bày ưu, nhược điểm của phương
pháp này và cho biết một ví dụ cụ thể về một phân tích hồi qui?
A. Khi nào sử dụng phương pháp phân tích hồi quy
• 7+!
E51 -( 3%D &P2&J0iJ0D &2#Xq-J0.Ek*>
&2# J0;7iJ0&-92#Xq-J0Ek*/ƒJ--.i2#$%>7k78A
8 J)P2J0D &83ƒ778AjJ0P2J0&-9
• Nhà nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp phân tích hồi qui giải quyết các vấn đề sau:
 v-.78A8 J)P2J0D &*78Aj>P2J0&-9
 GA0*J'P23%D &
 f%>778A8 J)P2J0D &;J078AP27J0&-9

 0.7*'8
B. Ưu nhược điểm của phương pháp phân tích hồi quy
• Ưu điểm:
 ,G3C$D3F-+ 8>1 7;(( G"7E*;>2*Q:*( 
 7,&E"72>0 , r ( GE
• Nhược điểm:
 Z F:;01 ( E"7*,&9#2>B, r ( F;€
E* 62
Vd1:w€*E$DA32 !N3Cƒ&A2,#W2)*R21 20*+( F
1 2+I2!
_{= $Q SP272)
w{= 9;$D SP27&2)
73F-+  #0>ƒJ32 !
w
_
80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
 MM WM \n h    ?M ?\ M
 W \ hH n? \ M ?W ?\ HM M
 WM \H n nM   H H MM \M
 \ h nH ? W ? HH M WM \h
 \M hM nh h h ?M HM M\ \M h
 { hh { ? M H { W hn hM
 { { { M { { { W { n
=u ?M HW HHM \\ W\h \M WhM H? nWW 
73F-+ ƒJ8.E32 !
p 98>& SB’:w‘¤),W2) 8> SP272)8>,
#-S-.-WMˆ\ˆ\HˆhˆhM*hh=u 8> SP2,#-HW¤*9#•&P2J>2
&FP2 8> S_*( 9j>w
=z3F-+ >ƒJ82$@$E.7"73 ', ;+!
’:!i_‘hMOw‘k‘OWˆi_‘nOw‘k‘OMB

=z,2,J7"73 ', ;+*;†*q>7, ;+P2_ ;+-w‘w

†*q>7, ;+i8 J), ;+kP2_* ;+-w‘w
 
.EK>(
32 !

Câu 21: Dữ liệu thứ cấp và dữ liệu sơ cấp là gì? Ưu & nhược điểm của 2 loại dữ liệu này? Xác định nguồn thu thập 2
loại dữ liệu này?
A. Dữ liệu sơ cấp:
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 100 200 300
C
h
i

t
i
ê
u

Thu nh?p
{ $I-+  98%0BJ2S zF.(
pf!I$I-+ ,-1 20 ;+‚ƒ3>:P23*);,3‡BR28%0
9z3*
B. Dữ liệu thứ cấp:
{$I-+  9zI 5,3‡B6-I$I-+ j1 2u.B"C-/
pf!I$I-+ -1 20;01 q9P23*,G-'#zX>:>G8 J)B3F
-:B™
C. Ưu nhược điểm:
fI-+ 3' fI-+ ('
v G 7(F S ( = 92
ŽF;€E
.G =F;€E*62;7

;E0
7(R S (
D. Xác định nguồn thu thập 2 loại dữ liệu này:
 5 9$I-+ 3'!
6( % 9$I-+ z  5 ';72 !6P&2
)B6:$+$>2+2#7B™Jm77!
£s 237
£U*'
£=C+!6( >:* 9$I-+ 87J0;01 8>7 ;+;7
2 P27J0 #,ƒ2( 
£ 82
£=>- 9,
 5 9$I-+ ('!
• 0  5$I-+ &J&))0 5u.i+F1 8AkP2f>2+G
9
• 0  5$I-+ -'#zJ>))0!

o 71 2!uDF;BD=F;BXP2&:BX=
:*+B*7&BuD ,J&9 # '>V" 'J37J7>
o =*+7'!=8 BLiFkB1 9i #+kB786:qB*+( 
o =8 #9dK8K!#2#2,Gq.I63%.997'J8:
• >82&3F 5$I-+ $#,G-1 28q>7( P2R2J2>5!
o 7J7>7>P2EPBJ&B3F-+ P271 2F;*));0"j&B37
1 F2B" '9;Y BS >B$I-+ P27#*J7>7>;01 ))>:&
;$>2B( A86
o 7J7>7>( P21 2B*+B86:q
o 7J*0‚8J7>>V7:E;>2q #*:E2E-,-1 2
o =-+ 7>8)>V7" 'J;>2q-1 20*'(  FQ;;€
S1 28q-7JJ7>7>2#- 9*‚P273*;7i;,28k8>86>Vƒ7
86;7
Câu 22: Hãy so sánh ưu nhược điểm và phạm vi sử dụng của các phương pháp chọn mẫu phi xác suất? Lấy ví dụ
minh họa.
So sánh Thuận Tiện Theo phán đoán Theo hạn ngạch Phát triển mầm
Ưu điểm
=09F.
 9+'
f@09F.
f@09F.
=E  :  $+B  u
1 7  ,2  >  7
  2>  '  8>
qr wb
Nhược
điểm
bF  r  F  G
S‚-{•
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Q.
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F.
,  0  9  F
.''8>
qr wb
Phạm vi sử
dụng
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  , 3%  9
2#  $%2  8
E  $@  0
9P2F.
fQ>7 
(  j ,    ;
+
fQ>77
, 3% 9 2#$%2
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fQ  >  7  7
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* ;,"7 A 7
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