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Health Capital and
Sustainable Socioeconomic
Development
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PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY
A Comprehensive Publication Program
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
EVAN M. BERMAN
Huey McElveen Distinguished Professor
Louisiana State University
Public Administration Institute
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Founding Editor
JACK RABIN
Professor of Public Administration and Public Policy
The Pennsylvania State University—Harrisburg
School of Public Affairs
Middletown, Pennsylvania
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Health Capital and Sustainable Socioeconomic Development,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Health capital and sustainable socioeconomic development / editors, Patricia
Cholewka and Mitra M. Motlagh.
p. ; cm. (Public administration and public policy ; 138)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4200-4690-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. World health. 2. Medical
economics. 3. Health Social aspects. 4. Economic development Health aspects. 5.
Sustainable development Health aspects. 6. Right to health care. 7. Medical policy.
I. Cholewka, Patricia. II. Motlagh, Mitra M. III. Series.

[DNLM: 1. World Health. 2. Delivery of Health Care. 3. Health Policy. 4. Human
Rights. 5. Socioeconomic Factors. WA 530.1 H43437 2008]
RA441.H433 2008
338.4’73621 dc22 2007038985
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at

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This book contains the views of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the organiza-
tions they work for or those of the editors.
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Contents
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Editors xix
Contributors xxi
PART I: SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ISSUES
1 The Morality of HIV/AIDS: A Comparison of Russian Orthodox
Church and Secular NGO Approaches 3
JARRETT ZIGON
2 Health, Gender, and Religion in a Russian Province in Transition 19
BAIRA DARIEVA
3 Collaborative Networks—A Beneficial Perspective on Health
Care in Developing Countries 33
MICHAEL BEIER AND THORSTEN SEMRAU
4 Alcohol: Health Risk and Development Issue 49
ØYSTEIN BAKKE
5 Right to Health and Sustainable Health Development: Improving
Psychosocial Strategies in HIV-Related Stress 79
GILBERT M. LELO, MITRA M. MOTLAGH, SAMUEL M.M. MAMPUNZA,

PAUL VERBANCK, AND EMMANUEL STREEL
6 The Community and Its Telemedicine Program: Mutual
Sustainability Issues with a Focus on the United States
and Russian Federation (RF) 93
MAX E. STACHURA AND ELENA V. KHASANSHINA
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PART II: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
7 Convergence in Western Healthcare Systems: Plus Ca Change 133
JOHN ANTHONY DEVEREUX
8 The Brain Drain of Health Capital: Iraq as a Case Study 151
HALA AL SARAF AND RICHARD GARFIELD
9 Famine Elimination: A Tangible Step toward Sustainable
Development 169
ATHINA VASSILAKIS
10 Health SWAps: For a Sustainable Development of Healthcare
Systems in Low-Income Countries 191
CATHERINE PAUL, ELISABETH PAUL, AND VÉRONIQUE ZINNEN
11 Global Health Capital and Sustainable Socioeconomic
Development 217
PATRICIA A. CHOLEWKA
12 Implementation of a Hospital Information System in Lithuania:
Implications for the Role of Nursing 245
PATRICIA A. CHOLEWKA
13 Healthcare in the United States: A Matter of Right or Privilege? 267
SHARONA HOFFMAN
PART III: LEGAL AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
14 Social and Economic Benefits of Ending the ‘‘ War on Drugs’’ 283
COLIN BREWER
15 Salud Para Todo: Cuba’s Revolutionary Approach toward

Fulfillment of the Right to Health 307
DABNEY P. EVANS
16 Looking for More Inclusive and Sustainable Health Policies:
The Role of Participation 323
ARIEL FRISANCHO ARROYO
17 Healthcare for Children in Sub-Saharan Africa—
A Gordian Knot? 343
NANCY KAYMAR STAFFORD
18 Catastrophic Opportunity: Public Health Emergencies,
Healthcare Infrastruct ure, and Human Righ ts 365
JONATHAN H. MARKS
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19 Which Policies Effectively Enable Smoking Cessation?
The Role of Risk Perception in the European Union 379
JOAN COSTA-FONT AND ELIAS MOSSIALOS
20 Dealing with Healthcare Security: Catastrophic Health
and Drug Expenditures in Nicaragua 405
JOAN COSTA-FONT, MONTSE COSTA-FONT, ROSA RODRIGUEZ,
JOAN ROVIRA, AND PETER SANIDFORD
21 Disparities in Health, Disparities in Law: The Global
Potential of Individual Advocacy 419
ELLEN LAWTON, ROBYN RISEBERG, GAVRIELA M. BOGIN-FARBER,
RACHAEL KNIGHT, JONATHAN COHEN, AND LAUREN A. SMITH
22 Taking a Human Rights Approach to Healthcare
Commercialization 441
BRIGIT TOEBES
Index 459
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Foreword
This challenging, wide-ranging, and multidisciplinary volume highlights health and
development issues as diverse as famine, natural disasters, pandemics including
HIV/AIDS, the war on drugs, psychosocial disabilities, forced migration, and the
‘‘ brain drain’’ of health professionals. Many chapters draw attention to the human
rights dimensions of these challenges, as well as other critical considerations, such as
the place of these issues in international relations and how they relate to health
systems.
Increasingly, these issues are demanding the attention of the international
community, international agencies, universities, think-tanks, non-governmental
organizations, and social movements. Moreover, in some cases, such attention is
generating creative, innovative responses that aim to promote equitable develop-
ment and improve health and well-being.
This book is an original contribution to the subject, not only covering diverse
health crises around the world and analyzing their causes, but also providing insights
into effective, pragmatic, and sustainable solutions. Encompassing theory and
practice, some chapters highlight advocacy, participation, and the role of collabora-
tive networks. Others explore the important role of human rights in enhancing
equitable development, sustainability, accountability, and so on. Properly under-
stood and applied, human rights can help to clarify what needs to be done and
provide practical guidance on how to do it. The unifying theme focuses on how to
promote sustainable socioeconomic development and well-being.
One of the particular strengths of this collection is its global focus and the
worldwide provenance of its contributors who come from the Max Planck Institute,
Columbia University, the London School of Economics, the Russian Academy of
Sciences, CARE Perú, and elsewhere. The authors hail from countries as diverse as
Australia, Belgium, Germany, Iraq, Peru, Russia, and the United Kingdom.

I hope this inspiring book will encourage readers to develop their own applied
research in the area of sustainable socioeconomic development.
Professor Paul Hunt
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Preface
This coedited book addresses an unmet need in the marketplace by posing
management strategies from various international sources for improving healthcare
outcomes. With the recent outbreaks of worldwide calamities such as famine,
natural disasters, pandemics, proliferation of substance abuse, posttraumatic syn-
drome states, and other related disease containment concerns, there is increased
international attention to disease detection, surveillance, prevention, containment,
and treatment methods. There is also a growing realization of the important role that
health capital plays in increasing the value of a nation’s well-being, that is, on the
quality of a nation’s socioeconomic development. This concept has been referred to
as the health capital of a nation.
The international community is paying more attention to mounting evidence
showing the strong relationship that exists between human capital and sustainable
socioeconomic development.
Because of the above and the increasing upsurge in health risk factors influencing
quality of life, it is timely, necessary, and important that this book be published.
This book contains chapters from interdisciplinary authors in the international
health and sustainable development fields to advance this new discourse about the
importance that population health has on psychosocial and economic viability and
propose, for discussion sake, and the need for improving healthcare management
policy as we progress through the new millennium. All those interested in main-
taining their own good health status, students of international health, practicing
professionals of various disciplines, public health administrators, and those who are
just curious about how global health can affect their own well-being will be able to

find useful information.
International development scholars and interdisciplinary healthcare practitioners
from all around the globe were invited to submit original manuscripts addressing
psychosocial and economic developments from a various range of disciplines includ-
ing law, economics, medicine, psychology, nursing, and sociology.
Issues of development, environment, and health are closely related. Ill health
hampers economic and social development by triggering a vicious cycle of
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unsustainable resource use that challenges a country’s economic stability. In add-
ition, education for socioeconomic development is compromised by conditions and
behaviors that undermine the physical and emotional well-being that makes learning
possible.
Users of this book will be encouraged to
&
Incorporate ideas into an educational program about global health.
&
Implement new policies to improve healthcare services and improve the health
capital of populations.
&
Improve public administration of healthcare systems at the macro- and micro-
economic levels.
&
Compare other sources of information and foster intellectual debate and
discourse.
&
Discover, or investigate, new and previously unknown sources of information
for the general public as well as healthcare professionals.
&
Inform/educate interested non-healthcare professionals or those in other fields

that have an impact on the healthcare sector.
&
Stimulate research into these issues.
&
Supplement knowledge already held or provide more in-depth information
about these healthcare issues.
&
Encourage a more curious attitude in some of the general public to learn more
about these issues and improve the quality of their lives.
&
Influence others to take a more active approach through professional educa-
tion, political involvement, or financial contributions to healthcare activities.
The book targets an international audience working or studying in a large range of
topics including healthcare, public health, medicine (including psychology, psych-
iatry, infectious diseases, etc.), and law (including international public law, human
rights, international rights of the child, policy analysis, sociology, economy, etc.).
The various topics developed are illuminated in a readable, interesting, and
pertinent manner. The reader will be able to understand the various politico-legal
and macro- and microeconomic issues that influence the international healthcare
sector in providing healthcare services and the influence this industry has on the life
opportunities and well-being of world inhabitants and their societies.
This book presents a new and more comprehensive overview and perspective
about this topic that has never before been presented. The intended audience needs
this book to enhance present understanding of healthcare financing, management,
and service provision and the effect that the efficient versus inefficient management
of this sector exerts on the overall socioeconomic condition of the international
community.
It also focuses on the importance of the effect of health capital on psychosocial
and socioeconomic sustainability. It provides a more varied and comprehensive
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international perspective by inviting participation from experts from around the
world with a more in-depth basis for academic and political discourse.
This book has brought a wide-ranging group of specialists together to cover a
major information void in fields associated with health and sustainable development.
This book is not only anticipated by current stakeholders in the field of sustainable
development including researchers, policy makers, and academicians, but also by a
diverse readership with an interest in economics, health, mental health, law, and
international development. With its international panel of authors and the quality of
their affiliations (e.g., Columbia University, World Health Organization [WHO],
CARE Perú, University of Cologne, etc.), this book is an indispensable reference as a
scientific state of the art, a guideline, and a didactic tool on health and international
sustainable development. It will also help the readers to better contribute to the
development and progress of the nation’s health capital.
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Editors
Patricia A. Cholewka, EdD, MPA, MA, RN, BC, is a nursing professional
experienced in medical–surgical healthcare provision, management, and perfor-
mance improvement consultation for acute care, home care, and managed care
environments. She is an assistant professor, Department of Nursing, at the New
York City College of Technology (NYCCT) of the City University of New York
(CUNY) and teaches the baccalaureate level courses. She holds a doctorate in
international education development (EdD) from Teachers College, Columbia
University; a master of public administration and policy (MPA) and a master of
arts in informatics (MA) from New York University; and a bachelor of science in
nursing (BSN) from Castleton State College. Her doctorate focused on identifying

transcultural issues affecting the sustainability of performance improvement and
economic management of healthcare systems.
Dr. Cholewka is board certified in both nursing administration and healthcare
quality and is an elected member of two honor societies: Sigma Theta Tau Inter-
national, Honor Society of Nursing, and Phi Delta Kappa, International Honor
Society in Education. She is listed in the Sigma Theta Tau’s Media Guide to Health
Care Experts as well as in many of the Marquis Who’s Who editions. She was awarded
a 2007–2008 Fulbright Scholar Lecture/Research Grant to Lithuania by the Bureau
of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the U.S. Department of State.
In addition to her professorial work at NYCCT, she has resided in the Middle
East and Central/Eastern Europe (i.e., Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Hungary, Israel,
Lithuania, and Ukraine) while teaching, consulting, conducting healthcare research,
or presenting at international healthcare conferences. She is an author and reviewer
for leading healthcare publications, a member of various professional healthcare
associations, and an international consultant for nursing and medical performance
improvement.
Mitra M. Motlagh has served as a health and human rights officer for the World
Health Organization (WHO) in Mozambique since early 2006 where she is
involved in projects dealing with the integration of human rights in health devel-
opment, with a particular focus on key health challenges.
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Before joining the WHO she worked as a lawyer for Allen & Overy in Belgium.
She also collaborated with the United Nations information centers in Washington
DC and Brussels and with the International Criminal Court at The Hague in the
Victims Participation and Reparation section. Her expertise covers international
criminal law, public international law, and human rights with a special focus on
right to health. She is a human rights lawyer with degrees from the University of
Brussels and Georgetown University Law Center.
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Contributors
Øystein Bakke
FORUT, Campaign for Development
and Solidarity
Global Alcohol Policy Alliance
Oslo, Norway
Michael Beier
Corporate Development and
Organization
University of Cologne
Cologne, Germany
Gavriela M. Bogin-Farber
Medical-Legal Partnership for Children
Boston Medical Center
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
Colin Brewer
The Stapleford Centre
London, United Kingdom
Patricia A. Cholewka
Department of Nursing
New York City College
of Technology
The City University of New York
Brooklyn, New York
Jonathan Cohen
Law and Health Initiative
Public Health Program

Open Society Institute
New York, New York
Joan Costa-Font
London School of Economics
London, United Kingdom
Montse Costa-Font
Universitat Politecnica de Catalunta
Barcelona, Spain
Baira Darieva
Baikal Institute of Nature Management
Siberian Branch of the Russian
Academy of Sciences
Ulan-Ude, Russia
John Anthony Devereux
T.C. Beirne School of Law
University of Queensland
St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Dabney P. Evans
Institute of Human Rights
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia
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xxi
Ariel Frisancho Arroyo
Health Rights Program
CARE Perú
Lima, Perú
Richard Garfield
National Center for Disaster
Preparedness

Mailman School of Public Health
Columbia University
New York, New York
Sharona Hoffman
Case Western Reserve University
School of Law
Cleveland, Ohio
Elena V. Khasanshina
Center for Telehealth
School of Medicine
Medical College of Georgia
Augusta, Georgia
Rachael Knight
Peninsula Family Advocacy Program
The Legal Aid Society of San Mateo
County
San Mateo, California
Ellen Lawton
Medical-Legal Partnership for Children
Boston Medical Center
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
Gilbert M. Lelo
Département de Neurologie, Service de
Neurologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire
University of Kinshasa
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic
of the Congo
Samuel M.M. Mampunza
Département de Psychiatrie

University of Kinshasa
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic
of the Congo
Jonathan H. Marks
Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania
Elias Mossialos
London School of Economics
London, United Kingdom
Mitra M. Motlagh
World Health Organization
Maputo, Mozambique
Catherine Paul
University of Liège
Liège, Belgium
Elisabeth Paul
University of Liège
Liège, Belgium
Robyn Riseberg
Medical-Legal Partnership for
Children
Boston Medical Center
Boston University School of
Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
Rosa Rodriguez
Universidad Carlos III
Madrid, Spain
Joan Rovira
Departament de Teoria Econòmica

Universitat de Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain
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Peter Sanidford
Institute of Health Care
Development
Bristol, United Kingdom
Hala Al Saraf
Mailman School of Public Health
Columbia University
New York, New York
Thorsten Semrau
Corporate Development and
Organization
University of Cologne
Cologne, Germany
Lauren A. Smith
Medical-Legal Partnership for Children
Boston Medical Center
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
Max E. Stachura
Center for Telehealth
School of Medicine
Medical College of Georgia
Augusta, Georgia
Nancy Kaymar Stafford
Emory University Law School

Atlanta, Georgia
Emmanuel Streel
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Brussels, Belgium
Brigit Toebes
School of Law
University of Aberdeen
Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
Athina Vassilakis
Columbia University
New York, New York
Paul Verbanck
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Brussels, Belgium
Jarrett Zigon
Max Planck Institute for Social
Anthropology
Halle/Saale, Germany
Véronique Zinnen
Université Catholique de Louvain
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
and
Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical
Medicine
Antwerp, Belgium
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