MindmapsTina sinh học phân tử giới thiệu và những khái niệm cơ bản

Lược sử ra đời Sinh học phân tử

-

Sinh

h.cc ptu

:
-

thich Huang

giai

voi

G
guy beat

'd

mu

ptu

÷÷:÷::÷÷

Quy

CENTRAL DOGMA

=

TB

'

PMN

-

-

Who

'

1. Ho
?

2

.

Ho?

-

-

-

thuy E't tie-in
thuy

,

ng

bi et hoa

-

.

tri ::::::

.

Darwin

'

hoa

hair

n

bait

-

-

mo tr

ki d- on vi. caii tao

Moi

Chia

SH TB

:

Wallace

E't tb

ctrudso.si
TB

.

I

-

-

phair

em

tu

'

su

I lnh t b

'

E l vaccine

t

chit

sing

'

-

→

-

l

cobain

xdyraqtrinh

Ivan!

'

son

g

nho

'

'

'

ch hoa
I

't

v choi

voi ton ta:
'

tinh

'

dtruyeii
-

tu? sinh sais

In vitro

Mendel

-

In vivo
-

-

AaBb

d-

'

tin h

orig

Morgan
Aat f Aaf

phair tinh

phair
x

ti

aabb

t

ab

AB Aa Bb bb
,
,

,

Imm
su? phair hi do:c la
:p
I

:

tile
.

=

nhau

-

lien het

giani

gen
so

'

hionggtu

.


Lược sử ra đời Sinh học phân tử
1. Hien

tuong

Griffith

-

.

S

1928

:

TN

S

-

.

(
\

yBaP
khi
ke't quoi
'

R

-

-

:

"

p

"

+

+

tai nap

tuong thug

Tieri hath
:

S

:

Cho

A ahh

thug

naiy

1986
1990

'

Kyu

khuaii the

'

'

polysaccharide

vo

,

d-oi

song

oh

→

song
yeii to

DNA ki

o

'

, + ai

'

bien nap

.

bieri

nhan

nap

s

→

I

naiy

tbt

→

Exogenous

thank

'

vitro

DNA

'

.

daii protein

Thu

'

ca.in
'

'

qctinh

RNA

voi

DNA

hair bieri nap

Tac

:

n

honing

:

Phan

'

d-cictu.cc

d-anti date

voi

tb

xd ink

vi.

'

d-

.

gtro.mg
threat

vciotb

→

"

ca.in thud?

Phair

:

"

ch

P

orig

dich

,

DNA

355

"

ra

P

xaim nhierin

tb E. Coli

.

phdngxa
.

caij

moi

voto tb

E. Coli

"

s

.

'

PCR

,

Kary

trinh tu
gen

Maj giai
-

Polysaccharide
e

.

khuaii the

→

3. Cad moi

:

→

Trg d-

:

Thug khuaii the

+

loinh

AanhdaiiADN:xanh

KE't quoi

:

do:c

I

:

vd

,

:

hi tain

1984

→
"

.

Hien tuning

Aoi

g

ch che't

DNA tu tb

Ma d-o.am

:

r

→

"

s

t

-

DNA
.

d-of

:

S Pneumonia

2

:

Pneumoniae IO

Streptococcus

's
khuai

Phe coin
'

-

'

bien nap

trinh

1410412003

:

→

tu

Dii air
~

Mullis

khuye
tu?

gidi

25.000

A Gorin

:

Eh

'

→

goin

gen

→

plasmid

trinh tu
gen

d- gi

doing
trinh tip

bo
.

I

gene

0,1%
113

→

Do
.

22%

gene ng

3,164

'

ti

ca.ir Nucleotide

d-a

dang

gen

dti.ec

gen

moi hoa

kieii ninh
PM

→

.

mRNA

protein

=

99,9% gi orig tat

'

ca

mn


Khái niệm cơ bản
Co che

truyeii ptu co bain
to
rig hop protein otieiihoabieiihie.ir

'

Co che

di

'

'

-

,

thanh phair

:

!

Amagi

§

:

Polymer m.ae#aingaia4loa.iNudeotide--sTa.octrudbao

Chuck thong

→

Xud tad
Dieu

Quy

,

Nucleotide

-

""

9

chuk naing protein

the

"

him
'

.

trgtb

"

apt!!?n tab

"

+ peo

:

moi
to

'

gina

peptide

2

a.

Ichi

amin

tong hop protein

pm

.

.

µ

.
.

ngta,

am +on

.

.

g

n

polypeptide

.

3

→

'

=

-

f

Lk

rien

Nuclear base
-

L

phosphate

Nhoin

Phospho este
Deoxy cytidy tic
f- Deoxy deny tic voi
2 the

Phosphodiester

hoo caii true

-

L

RNA-L.U.r.a.ci/fDeoxythymidylicDeoxyGuanylic

Cho ADN

bi et

g

deoxyribose

Daeng

-

a

-

voi

haii

h

kieiin

'

hit

Cai pu

'

4

hoa sink cud tb
'

:

moi

Phi ein

lien ke't

doing

gen

'

nucleotide

Dieu

'

a

phair tu

Nucleotide

Tai bain

Tai

5

lien ke't

Nu

Protein

Dich

,

d- qi

I

d-on phair

4

-

htt't not

hirth thanh

b hier

vice viet

Loi

:

qtrinh

hoa

r n

-

'

a. amin

I

.

→

-

Pha

"

xd

-

,

L

-

xd trinh tu?

tin

thanh

hoi

→

[
µ

Cho DNA voi RNA

Chung

Go

,

y

gen

Q Trinh

:

'

d- e- DNA

trg

'

:

hair

Tui n-bo.ba moi hoa
:

Co

'

che

'

→
'

trace d-oi

trinh t.us

't

Soa

hot

ng

'

Cac a. a

Cad wing

DNA

→

tbc

=

catch tag

phuong tien

Ici

RNA

di qua LE h

protein

khat nhan

tag

to

'

hop tinh tran

→

'

moi


Khái niệm cơ bản
Geri

Loi

:

€

Cao

in
d-on vi. dit
raye-

'

X dinh chat d-c. to

'

Chute

→

thong
he

Akhieri

→

'

moi hoa

tin

ygen

.

no
ng :p

toair bo

:

lieu true
cac

Cho L

phair

Cad

d- vi. di

.

Ibo NST

n

Gen

bon

→

gene

.

:

+

aia

kieii

Bhi ein

gen

trg Itb

tu RNA It

24 NST

Acid Deo

30.000

oxy

ti

r

,

m

n

hair bi et cud sink rat

.

)

nguioi

(2n

nu

'

3,164

ti

gain)

chuoi DNA
tr en DN

gen

+

-

Tty the

'

n hare

t

gen

kit

enzyme
'

chic

Carbohydrate

+

xtad
enzyme

Id

protein

tag protein

inhale

t

Lipid

+

khi

trc

hien

put

h

'

→

cad ctr ud

l bao

guan

qtro ng
.

trgtb

tb

ng

ft

f-

Ting hair

'

ly

Xu

bdi tb

phaii loin

Pu OXH

"

d- c.

protean

Protein d-a:c

hthainh

RNA

+

Protein

vd

Eats

Acid Ribonucleic

>

hthank

,

PU

,

'

tren

gen

ribonucleic

77 100.000 Kai

'

'

tray ein trong

'

ca

the

'

co

gene

:

i

ta't

tan hop

'

-

trang

3,164

-

.

DNA Coto.am nho DNA )

trong

: tink

Cấu trúc Gen

E

Lipid

→

,

Glycogen

ATP

,

,

.

.

.

SVNS
Operon

-

Cai

Laing ho.at doing

in#*µ
Operator

Promoter

thing

-

's
dieii hiei

Coordinate

on

expression

!

-

Cad

trong

gen

DNA

e

nair

'

Khong

Cai

gen

moi

hod cho

'

PM

'm t rein cat
Th nai
-

-

protein

cao

rest

±

day

,

DM

'

co

chu'd

'

ca

'

gen

it

xdy

d-

ra

naing Ig

orig

Editor

L

,

.

logi

their trong

th nai
'm

logic chung

hair

'

by

,

huiidu.org

I a.im

'

bo

VK

sau

,

Operon

E

'

d- ein

f- intron

'

o

sun c)

Choi

n

hair

1h naim rai rai

trong

DNA

DNA

promotor Chiu track nhii.in dihieii PM Cho moi gen t
Cad
ton to dudi
doing cat wing mang moi Exon
gen
bi

trg

Ig trinh

1

promoter Ahi ein

d-o.am grape

voi rat

nhan avi

cat

Moi

Cad

I

,

.

'

nhan

gain

ta't

phoi hop

SVNC
-

'

I

sari xefi Theo

moi Vk

truth

duck PM hog c

nhan

trong

Do

-

-

mini

DNA

di

Bieii hien

:

Ging
-

Terminator
tin

their trong

'm
phai

sais

VK co

nhiinglai.co

Tag
'

voi Cao

PM ba:c I dai
'

'

nhan

d
'

.

Virus

ving

mRNA
'

Cad d- oar

mang
exon

moi Intron

diioc

noi la:

[ giorig Gap
mRNA

truong

'

d

SVNS

nfuingnhhdn ]

thank

xainnh~tbhth.no

✓Motloqikysinhtrwnglo÷du.ngboma'ycua'tbchu

(
DNA,PM,DM
tonghgpprotei#
Goiy bein

Q

ng uy nai

trong ching ate ng hier cute
'

-

.


Khái niệm cơ bản
Seu hoqt
'

-

aia

'

hoa

tong

Sau

f.

I

RNA

holp

RNA

got phosphate

d-c. them voto

ATP
ADP
trgtb
#

=dkeaEg

Triphosphate
ksoa't

ohne

naing

Gain

nguy

2

phuong

Ai ai hoa

co

tong

gen

d- a'p

Chopher's

nh

man h

d Eukaryote

vain

'

=

log

tb

'

gen

cac

'

co

yo

'

Cac

Aug

-

(

'

,

dinh di

chef tb

king aiding

pus bi

naing

hot cheek

'

gin

tb d-c. dkhieii

Aoi mt

thay

nhan

t

the

b-th

trayer

Qotinh enzyme

-

L

kick hoqt
gen

Mu'd do
.

s.us trinh thanh

-

sp gen

aia enzyme etc ksoa't

Mu'd do hot
.

.

to

tai bat

2

Kai

-

L

d- hoa

'

toy

naing chuyein

Chuk

the
.io hien

'

ra

-

song
dhi

trg

xaig

'

Cad premotor d- hoa bhien gen

Latvia

ma

I so

,

gen

utig

'

bhi en

Dieu hota

Ctu

'

'

bhiein

'

.

hot sink hoa

cao

Sinh rat

'

'

.

Ahora

=

the bi loin qua khoi

'

co

'

'

moi

the

co

trgtb

tb

phan

bo
.

'

phap

'

I so

.

phair hoi

ksoa't

'

hot sink hoa

voi

gen

E

+

→

thot diein

Nao

thudng

lieu

Promoter
Promoter

bi et

Tui PMI

→

Protein

trung tain

:

Promoter tr tam

Basal Promoter

=

TATA Box

=

:

TATA AAA

-

Cd

ta't

trg

'

Protein

ca

Coding

-

'

gene

:

Gen mhoa

protein

✓

n

TATA

-

Binding

protein

Transcription

factor ID

Transcription

factor IB

pot

DNA l RNA

Promoter thud
.

ng

bin

Anh
Cac

'

enhancer

I

(

-

-1

-1
-1
wing bat

Hc

-

( Chia

hei'd

wing

wing lien

PM

=

DNA

o

ng

d- aii

tiong

x

110000

ke't

'

tac

cad

guia

y

"

'

ca c

to

Co the thing I ha bin

buo:c

yo to

Enhancer

'

'

trg

PM

Ike't

Ichi DNA Cno:n
'

'

'

④

PM
Hi
.

gen

'

ma

trg h

chink
gene Ac dteii

tr

'

drac

voi

tang

moi

'

→

ving

voi

'

thay

the't

hier bhi ein

'

Protein

khoaingca-chxatuicaigenehoc.io

'

,

Ring

PM

promoter

trung

1 NST t

Gain mug lieu hair

gen

tam

doi
tr

g

tung gen
mo t nhan