Tài liệu Project Management Fundamentals - A guide to the project management body of knowledge docx

Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance

Project Management
Fundamentals
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Project Management Institute
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 2
www.pmi.org
 PMI is an aggregation of best
practices from thousands of
professional project managers
 Principles in this training are
based on PMI methodologies,
there are other methodologies
 Organizations typically use these
as a basis for developing custom
project management processes
 For PMPs, this course counts
towards PDUs.
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
GW MS in Project Management
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 3
business.gwu.edu/mspm/

Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Outline
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 4
1. Project Issues
2. Project Characteristics
– Definition of a Project
– Project vs. Operations
– Key Elements of Project
Management
– Project Lifecycle Phases
– Project Management
Functions
3. Project Participants
– Project Stakeholders
– Project Sponsor & Owner
– Project Manager
– Project Team
4. Basic Project Tools
– Project Charter
– Project Management Plan
– WBS / Schedule
–
Action / Risk / Change
Tracking
–
Document Management
Office of the Senior

Associate Vice President
for Finance
Project Issues
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 5
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Page 6
Project Characteristics
Project Management Fundamentals
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Definition of a Project
Project Management Fundamentals
Project - A temporary endeavor undertaken to
create a unique product, service, or result.

Temporary / Not Ongoing
- Definite beginning and end
- Does not mean a short duration
-
Does not necessarily apply to product,
service, or result created by a project
Unique
- Outcome is a unique deliverable
- Could come in the form of either
products, services or results

Page 7
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Projects vs. Operations
Project Management Fundamentals
The primary differences are…
Projects Operations
Purpose of the project is to attain its
objective and ends
Purpose of an ongoing operation is to
sustain the business
Ends with transition to operations
Only ends with product, process or
service no longer needed
Project team comes together at
beginning and disbands at end
Team continues to perform tasks
Page 8
Both Projects and Operations are…
• Performed by teams of people
• Achieved by means of work
• Constrained by limited resources
• Planned, executed, and controlled
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Key Elements of Project Management
Project Management Fundamentals
Communicate

Keep stakeholders informed
Plan
Develop the specific project
management approach
Define
Establish clear and
achievable objectives
Page 9
Manage
Schedule/time, cost/resource &
quality/scope control
Triple
Constraints
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Page 10
At the start of the project:
• The level of uncertainty is highest
• Stakeholders’ influence is highest
• Risk of failing to achieve the
objectives is greatest


Effect of Stakeholders & Changes
Project Management Fundamentals
Towards the end of the project:
• Cost of changes increases
• Stakeholder influence decreases
• Risk of failing to achieve

objectives is reduced


Stakeholder Influence
Cost of Changes
Project Time
High
Low
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Project Life Cycle
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 11
The
Five
Project
Phases
Monitoring & Controlling
Planning
Executing
Initiating
Closing
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Project Management Functions
Project Management Fundamentals
PMI refers to these as Knowledge Areas.
These are the actual functions performed within the life cycle phases.

Scope Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Quality Management
HR Management
Communications Mgt
Risk Management
Procurement Mgt
Project Integration
Page 12
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Monitoring & Controlling
Planning
Executing
Initiating
Closing
Project Life Cycle
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 13
Bridge Team Reunion
 Discuss and list examples of where
these processes were used in the
bridge project.
 What additional activities could
have been performed?
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance

Page 14
Project Participants
Project Management Fundamentals
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Project Stakeholders
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 15
Customers /
Users
Operations
Functional
Managers
Vendors
Project
Team
Project
Sponsors
Business
Partners
Stakeholders may or may not exert direct influence over the project
People or groups positively or negatively affected
by the project outcome.
Project Stakeholder
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Project Owner Executive Sponsor

•Accountable owner of the project
objectives and outcome
•Provides funding and resources for
the project, including the PM
•Manages the overall timeline (at a
high-level) and key deliverables
•Provides regular decision making
and direction for the project
•Approves key deliverables and
artifacts

Project Sponsors / Owners
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 16
Champions, charters and funds the project, fosters
cross-organizational support, manages escalations,
makes key decisions and provides overall direction.
Project Sponsor
In Finance, this is divided into two roles…
•Champions the project at the
executive level
•Provides approval for the initiating
group to fund the project
•Fosters support amongst other
participating organizations
•Manages very high-level direction
and escalations
•Approves phase and project
completions

Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Project Manager
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 17
Accountable manager of the project, including
planning, leading, managing, monitoring, escalating
and communicating project status, issues and tasks.
Project Manager
Risk
Procurement
Communications
Human
Resources
Time
Cost
Scope
Integration
Quality
Project Manager
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Project Team
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 18
Team members who carry out the work, including the
project manager, project management team and team
members with specific expertise to carry out the work.

Project Team
Project Leads
~Own deliverables from their areas~
Project managers do not have to be the SMEs for a project to be successful
Temporary
Reporting Matrix
Project Management Team
~Coordinate, administer and monitor the project~
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Page 19
Basic Project Tools
Project Management Fundamentals
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Project Charter
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 20
 Authorizes the project
 Defines high-level scope,
exclusions, objectives, milestones
& timeline
 Establishes project leadership,
including project manager
 Authorizes the budget
 Outlines assumptions/constraints
 Commits general resource
availability

 Prepared by project owner
 Approved by executive sponsor
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Business Requirements
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 21
 Defines the “what” for the
solution to be delivered
 Breaks overall scope into specific
actionable deliverables
 Allows the team to develop
specifications for development of
product, process or service
 Provides traceability of project
team activities to project scope
 Prepared by project team in
collaboration with customer /
users
 Approved by project owner
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Project Management Plan
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 22
 Establishes the plan for project
planning, execution, monitoring
and closing

 Includes all subsidiary plans
 Defines the project phases and
deliverables
 Establish clear project roles and
responsibilities
 Prepared by project manager
 Approved by functional & project
managers

Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Work Breakdown Structure
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 23
 Breaks deliverables into manageable work packages
 Critical to the ability to determine resources needed, effort levels & cost
Stakeholder
Communications
WBS1
Posters
WBS 1.1
Postcards /
Mailings
WBS 1.2
Email
WBS1.3
Initial
announcement
email

WBS 1.3.1
First reminder
email
WBS1.3.2
Last reminder
email
WBS 1.3.3
Meetings /
Seminars
WBS 1.4
Website
Development
WBS2
Graphics Design
WBS2.1
Work
Package
Level
Control
Account
Level
Planning
Package
Level
“Software Implementation Project”
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Project Schedule
Project Management Fundamentals

Page 24
 Sequences and
defines detailed
project tasks
 Monitors status of
project against
milestones / baselines
 Guides project team in
daily work activities
 Identifies task and
external dependencies
 Identifies critical path
and areas of required
escalation
 Manages resource
usage
Office of the Senior
Associate Vice President
for Finance
Action, Risk & Change Tracking
Project Management Fundamentals
Page 25
 Log and track all actions and issues being worked on by the project team –
ensure accountability
 Identify, log and monitor all risks to the project – a continual process
 Log and manage all formal Change Requests – any request to modify the
project scope
(change request process defined in project management plan)
To Do List