Tài liệu Basic Cell Biology pptx

Basic Cell Biology
I. Cytoplasm
A. Plasma membrane
B. Mitochondria
C. Ribosomes
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
1. Rough
2. Smooth
E. Golgi apparatus
F. Lysosomes
G. Cytoskeleton
II. Nucleus
A. Nuclear Envelope
B. Chromatin
C. Nucleolus
D. Nuclear matrix
III. Cell division
© 2002 by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walter.
Asymmetrical arrangement of
phospholipids in plasma membrane
 ATP-dependent phospholipid translocase
Molecular Cell Biology, Lodish et al., 4
th
edition.
Figure 2—1. The ultrastructure and molecular organization (right)
of the cell membrane. The dark lines at left represent the two dense
layers observed in the electron microscope; these are caused by the
deposit of osmium in the hydrophilic portions of the phospholipid
molecules.

© 2002 by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walter.
Figure 11—14. Electron micrograph of a transverse section of a continuous capillary.
Note the nucleus (N) and the junctions between neighboring cells (arrowheads).
Numerous pinocytotic vesicles are evident (small arrows).
C. Ribosomes
 Structure- 2 subunits, composed of 4 types of
RNA and 80 different proteins.
 RNA is synthesized in the nucleolus
 Protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm.
 Characteristics
 Ribosomes are very basophilic, stain with
hematoxylin , toluidine blue
 Found in clusters called polyribosomes that are held
together by a strand of RNA.
mRNA
Ribosome
Polyribosomes
Ribosome function
 Translation of mRNA into protein
 Free polyribosomes- synthesize proteins
used in the cytoplasm
 Polyribosomes attached to the ER- used

to synthesize
 Secreted proteins
 Integral membrane proteins
 Lysosomal proteins
Three dimensional ribosome structure, L1 is a ribosomal protein
© 2002 by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walter.
•Ribosome-two thirds RNA, one third protein
•Each ribosome has three binding sites for tRNA, and a binding site for mRNA
© 2002 by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walter.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Segregation of newly synthesized proteins
from the cytoplasm
 Glycosylation of certain proteins
 Lipid synthesis