EXPERIMENTAL REPORT department of general physics 2

111Equation Chapter 1 Section 1 HANOI UNIVERSITY
OR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS
-----    -----

EXPERIMENTAL REPORT
Department of General Physics
Instructor: Prof. Dr. Dang Duc Dung
Name: Phạ m Trí Linh
ID: 20202756
Group: 6
Class: 709372

Hanoi, 2022

1


CONTENTS
1. Experiment 1………………………………………………………………3
2. Experiment 2………………………………………………………………7
3. Experiment 3………………………………………………………………11
4. Experiment 4………………………………………………………………24
5. Experiment 5………………………………………………………………41
6. Experiment 6………………………………………………………………45

2


Experimental Report 1
MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE, CAPACITANCE, INDUCTANCE

AND RESONANT FREQUENCIES OF RLC USING OSCILLOSCOPE

Verification of the instructors

I.

PURPOSE OF EXPERIMENT:
- Understanding a typical circuit and the manner to use the equipment
including oscilloscope and function operator in electronic engineering
namely measuring the physical parameters of the resistor, capacitor,
and inductor as well as the resonant frequency of RLC circuit.

II.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
1. Resistance measurement
Trial

f (Hz)

1

500

1506

2

1000

1511

3

1500

1512

2. Capacitance measurement

Trial
1

f(Hz)
1000

2192
3


2

2000

1106

3

3000

716

3. Inductance measurement
Trial

f(Hz)

1

10000

98

2

20000

198

3

30000

291

4. Determination of resonant frequency

III.
1.

Trial

Series RLC circuit

Parallel RLC circuit

1

16737

16737

2

16741

16718

3

16739

16722

DATA ANALYSIS
Resistance measurement

Hence

2.

Capacitance measurement

Hence

3.

Inductance measurement
4


Hence

4.

Determination of resonant frequency
a) Series RLC circuit

Hence

b) Parallel RLC circuit

Hence

c) Theoretical result
Theoretically, we can calculate the resonant frequency of RLC circuit by the formula.
With , , we get:

The theoretical result of resonant frequency is approximately equal to the directly
measured results. We can see that the RLC circuit (with properly small resistance)

becomes a good approximation to an ideal LC circuit.

5


Experimental Report 2
MEASUREMENT OF MAGNETIC FIELD INSIDE A SOLENOID WITH
FINITE LENGTH

Verification of the instructors

I.
PURPOSE OF EXPERIMENT
- Investigate the magnetic field at a position along the axis of solenoid.
- Investigate the relationship between the magnetic field and the current
through the solenoid.
II.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
1. Investigation of the magnetic field at the position along the axis of
solenoid

x (cm)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

9
10

0.86
1.01
1.10
1.14
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.18
1.19
1.19

x (cm)
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19

1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.19

x (cm)
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

1.18
1.18
1.17
1.17
1.16
1.14
1.11
1.05
0.92
0.63

2. Measurement of the relationship between the magnetic field and the
current through the solenoid
6


0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35

0.75
0.97
1.19
1.41
1.64

0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6

1.89
2.1
2.35
2.57
2.81

3. Comparison of experimental and theoretical magnetic field

I = 0,4 (A)
0
15
30

0,80
1.85
0.94

III. DATA ANALYSIS
1. Relationship between the magnetic field and the position of the probe inside the
solenoid

1.4
1.2

B (mT)

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

x (cm)

Error bar: horizontal: vertical
Comment:
The graph shows that the magnetic field inside a solenoid depends on the position of the
probe inside. The magnitude of the magnetic field increases from x=0 (cm )to x=9 (cm),
and then stable until x=20 (cm), then decreases with exact the same pace as it increase.
The graph is symmetric around the point x=15 (cm)

7


2. Relationship between the magnetic field and the current through the solenoid
3
2.5

B (mT)

2

1.5
1
0.5
0
0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

I (A)

Error bar: horizontal: , vertical
Comment:
The graph shows that the magnitude of the magnetic field and the voltage has a linear
relationship. As the current increases, the magnetic rises as well.

3. Comparison of experimental and theoretical magnetic field
We have

In this case,

Case 1: x = 0 (cm)
;

Case 2: x = 15 (cm)
;

8


Case 3: x = 30 (cm)
;

Comparison between theoretical values and experimental values
x(cm)
0
15
30

0,89
1,76
0,89

0,80
1,85
0,94

Compare with the obtained result in the experiment:
The result from the experiment is approximately close the theoretical values. The
different due to the uncertainty of the instruments used.

9


Experimental Report 3
INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRIC OSCILLATIONS OF RL AND RLC
CIRCUITS

Verification of the instructors

I.

PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT
- Understanding the current across an inductor-resistor and the RLC circuits.
- Calculating the energy of the oscillation RLC circuit.

II.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

10


Experimental Report 4
VERIFICATION OF FARADAY’S LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION
Verification of the instructors

I.

PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT:

- The purpose of this activity is to measure the voltage across a coil of wire
when a bar magnet through the coil of wire. Compare the voltage to the
number of turns of wire in the coil.

II.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

11


Experiment Report 5
INVESTIGATION OF TRANSMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE
(MICROWAVE)

Verification of the instructors

I.

PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT:
- Evaluating both qualitative and quantitative results of transmitting and
receiving microwave.
II.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
1. Investigation of straight-line propagation of microwaves
Observation:
 When the receiver is aligning with the rail (the transmitter and receiver are
facing each other), the voltmeter shows the maximum value.
 When the receiver moves far from the rail (in a plane perpendicular to the
rail), the value of voltmeter decreases.

Conclusion:
 Microwave propagates best in a straight line.
2. Investigation of penetration of microwaves
Observation:
 When a dry absorption plate (electrical insulator) is put between
transmitter and receiver, the voltmeter slightly decreases
Conclusion:
 Microwaves can penetrate through the dry absorption plate.
 Not all the microwaves will penetrate through the dry absorption plate, a
part of them will be absorbed by the absorption plate.
3. Investigation of screening and absorption of microwaves
Observation:
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 When a reflection plate (electrical conductor) is put between transmitter
and receiver, the voltmeter shows a value that very small compared to the
value when the absorb plate is absent. In this case, the voltmeter shows a
value approximate 0.
Conclusion:
 Most of microwave will not go through the reflection plate.
4. Investigation of reflection of microwaves
Observation:
30
40
50
60

62
78

93
122
 When the arrow is the bisector of 2 rails, the voltmeter shows maximum
value.

Conclusion:
 Microwave reflects best when perpendicular bisector of the reflection
plate is the bisector of an angle created by the transmitter and receiver.
5. Investigation of refraction of microwaves
Observation:
 When the angle created by 2 rails is 150, the voltmeter shows the
maximum value.
 As turning the receiver to different angle, the value of voltmeter
decreases.
Conclusion:
 Microwave refracts best with angle of 150
6. Investigation of diffraction of microwaves
Observation:
 When the single slit plane is put in the rail, the value on the voltmeter
increase
 When the plate is between the probe and the transmitter, the value on the
voltmeter is approximate 0.
13


 When the probe is moved on the horizontal plane, the value slightly
increase
Conclusion:
 Microwaves has diffraction properties.
7. Investigation of interference of microwaves

Observation:
 When the probe is moved parallel to the plate, the value on the voltmeter
is oscillating. Number of maxima = 3.
Conclusion: Microwave has property of interference.
8. Investigation of polarization of microwaves
Observation:
 When the grating is aligned horizontally, the value on the voltmeter is
slightly decreasing
 When the grating is aligned vertically, the value on the voltmeter is
approximate zero
 When the grating is aligned at 45o, the value on the voltmeter is higher
than vertical case, but lower than horizontal case
Conclusion:
 When we put a polarization grating between transmitter and receiver, the
microwave (electromagnetic) will be polarized as shown in fig 1.

Figure 1

Because the vertical wave is electric wave, and the receiver’s signal we receiver is
Voltage.
Therefore:
14


 With vertical polarization grating, only the vertical wave can go through.
The receiver’s signal is big.
 With horizontal polarization grating, only the horizontal wave can go
through. The receiver’s signal is very small (approximate to 0).
 With 45o inclined polarization grating, a part of vertical wave and
horizontal wave can go through. The receiver’s signal is smaller than

when we use vertical polarization grating and bigger than when we use
horizontal polarization grating.
9. Determining wavelength of standing waves
Trial
1
2
3

x1(mm)

x2(mm)

x=x1 – x2

300
320
289

284
303
279

16
17
19

Hence

Frequency of the microwave:

15


Experimental Report 6
DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC HEAT RATIO OF AIR BASED ON
CLEMENT DESORME’S METHOD

Verification of the instructors

I.

PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT:
- To determine the specific ratio

II.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
1. Measurement result:

Trial
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

283
282
282
283
284
283
286
284
286
282
283.5

219
220
220
219
218
219
216
218
216
220

64
62
62
64
66
64

70
66
70
62

Hence
16


2. Calculation
The formula

Hence

- Theoretically, we can calculate the specific heat ratio of air by using the formula
, where is the Degree of Freedom (DOF) of ideal gas (in this case it is air). So, we
get:

- The experiment result is a bit different from the theoretical result due to
instrumental uncertainty, observational uncertainty, and environmental uncertainty.

17