LUYỆN ÂM TIẾNG ANH + KỸ NĂNG PHÁT ÂM

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING
LONG AN UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND INDUSTRY
PERMANENT TRAINING CENTRE

FINAL EXAM

Subject

:

PRONUNCIATION 2

Lecturer

:

Ms. NGUYEN PHUC DIEN NGOC

Student

:

LE THI THUY TRANG

Class

:

21 BAV6

January 25th, 2022

1


The International English Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) has a total of 44 main
sounds, including 20 vowels and 24 consonant sounds. Depending on each
sound, you will have to practice English pronunciation with 44 corresponding
sounds.
I. Vowels in English
When learning how to pronounce 44 sounds in English, you must be aware of
the 20 ways to read the main vowels written as follows: /ɪ/, /i:/, /ʌ/, /ɑ:/, /æ/, / e/,
/ə/, /ɜ:/, /ɒ/, /ɔ:/, /ʊ/, /u:/, /aɪ/, /aʊ/, /eɪ/, /oʊ/, /ɔɪ/, /eə/, /ɪə/, /ʊə/.
Specifically:
1. Long vowel /i:/
Description: The i sound is long, the sound is pronounced in the oral cavity, not
blown out. Lips open to the sides as if smiling. Tongue raised, slightly
lengthened.

• Eat=> I like to eat traditional Vietnamese food during the Lunar New
Year because it reminds me of my childhood when I lived with my
grandparents and my parents.
• Complete => I usually complete all my homework when I get home from
school because I have to spend time helping my mother in sales.
• Cheap => The books I buy on e-commerce sites like Tiki, Shopee,
Lazada, .. are usually cheaper than the books when I buy them at
bookstores.
2. Short vowel /i/
Description: The i sound is short, similar to the Vietnamese "i" sound but
pronounced very short (= 1/2 of the i sound). Lips slightly extended to the sides,
tongue lowered.

2


• Picture => When I was a child, I used to love to draw pictures; however,
they are not as beautiful as I imagined.
• Him => I saw him when I went to the market and I fell in love with him
at first sight.
• Fish => When I was young, I used to go fishing with my brothers.
3. Short vowel /u/
Description: Short "u" sound, similar to the Vietnamese "u" sound, do not use
lips to pronounce this but push very short air from the throat. Slightly rounded
lips. tongue lowered.

• Book => When I was a student in high school, I enjoyed reading books
on how to be a good person
• Cook => The nutrients in vegetables will be lost if you cook vegetables
for too long.
• Wolf => The wolf, also known as the gray wolf or gray wolf, is a large
canine native to Eurasia and North America where the weather is cold,
wet, and wind.
4. Long vowel /u:/

3


Description: The "u" sound is long, prolongs the "u" sound, the sound is
pronounced in the oral cavity, not out. Round lip shape. Tongue raised.

• Food => There was a lot of food and drink at the party where I was
invited by my friend.

• Choose => You can choose a few gifts that you like and we’ll send them
to you.
• Pool => You need to clean the moss on the pool wall, which will make us
fall if we are not careful.
5. Vowel /e/
Description: Similar to the Vietnamese "e" sound but very short pronunciation.
Expanded than when pronouncing /ɪ/. Tongue lower than /ɪ/.

• Egg => I like to eat eggs but I can't eat more than two eggs in a week
because it's not good for my health.
• Tell => Can you tell me which way to the library where I can read and
borrow books to take home?
• Bed => I want to finish off this essay before I go to bed.
6. Short Vowel sound /ə /
Description: Similar to the Vietnamese "o" sound, but the pronunciation is very
short and light. Lips slightly open, tongue relaxed.
4


• Letter => I folded the letter in half and put it in an envelope which I can
send to my friends in Japan.
• Woman => I am a Vietnamese woman in the 21st century; however, I
always keep for myself the traditional beauties of my nation that I have
kept for many generations.
• Effort => You can't expect to have any friends if you don't make the
effort with people, because you are not liked by everyone.
7. Long vowel sound /ɜ:/
Description: The " ơ " sound curls the tongue, sounds /ɘ/ and then curls the
tongue up, the sound is pronounced in the oral cavity. Lips slightly open, tongue
curved upward, touching the upper palate at the end of the sound.

• Bird =>The noise of the car startled the birds and the whole flock flew up
into the air ; however, they return to the branch after a few minutes.
• Girl => She is a beautiful girl, even though she doesn't wear makeup
when she goes out.
•

Search => I did a search for yoga clubs where I can practice every day in
my area.

8. Short vowel sound /ɒ/
5


Description: The "o" sound is short, similar to the Vietnamese o sound but
pronounced very short. Slightly rounded lips, lower tongue.

• Stop => The air conditioner has stopped working after we finished the
meeting after many hours.
• Shot => People shoot wolves because they often eat chicken, pork, .....
• Body => A good diet and plenty of exercise will help you to keep your
body healthy even though you are old.
9. Long vowel sound /ɔ:/
Description: The "o" sound curls the tongue, pronounces the o sound like
Vietnamese and then curls the tongue up, the sound is pronounced in the oral
cavity. Lips round, tongue curved upwards, touching the upper palate at the end
of the sound.

• Born => I was born in Ben Tre where you can see a lot of coconut trees
planted.

• Talk => My little girl had just started to talk when she was nine months
old.
• Horse => He taught me how to ride a horse even though I didn't like it.
10.Vowel sound /æ/
6


Description: A flat sound, a bit of a hybrid between "a" and "e" sounds, feeling
that the sound is suppressed. The mouth is wide open, the lower lip is lowered,
the tongue is very low.

• Black => There is a man in black pants in our photo when we took
pictures at the lakeside.
• Cat => Pat's cat is fat because it gets to eat a lot of delicious food.
• Bag => Even though I warned her, she purposely took my bag out.
11.Vowel sound /ʌ/
Description: It's a bit like the Vietnamese "ă" sound, a bit of a hybrid between
the "ă" sound and the "ơ" sound. Mouth narrow, tongue slightly raised.

• Money => I have a lot of money because I work hard every day.
• Sunny=> it’s sunny; however, it makes me feel uncomfortable because
it's very hot.
• Brother => My brother won some of the money; however, it was not
enough to buy a present for my mother in her birthday.
12.Long Vowel sound /ɑ:/
Description: The "a" sound is prolonged, the sound is emitted in the oral cavity,
the mouth is wide open, the tongue is lowered.
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• Car => I usually park on the rooftop when I go to the supermarket.
• Star => When I watch TV and am told there will be meteors in the
evening, I often can't sleep and wait to watch them.
• Farm => It's a very nice farm cart; however, they are only used to deliver
vegetables to the shops.
13.Diphthong sound /ɪə/
Description: Read the sound / ɪ / and then gradually change to the sound / ə /.
The lips gradually flattened to a rounded shape, the tongue gradually receded
back.

• Here => We are waiting for you at here where your family will have a
picnic.
• Beer => I don't like drinking beer because it's not suitable for my age.
• Near => Is there a bank near here because we need to transfer money
urgently?
14.Diphthong sound /ʊə/
Description: Read the /ʊ/ sound and then gradually change to the /ə/ sound. The
lips gradually widen, but do not expand, the tongue gradually pushes forward.

8


• Tour => I take a tour to Thailand where I can buy a lot of things at very
cheap prices.
• Poor => He's very poor because he is very lazy to work.
• Jury => I served on a jury; however, it doesn't match the major I studied
at the university.
15.Diphthong sound /eə/
Description: Read the /e/ sound and then gradually change to the /ə/ sound,
slightly narrowing the lips, The tongue recedes gradually.

• Air => The air is getting polluted because there are a lot of motorbikes
that are emitting a lot of smoke every day.
• Chair =>I buy four chairs for my kitchen when I have a new house.
• Hair =>The fair hair man ran in the sand, even though he didn't know the
direction.
16.Diphthong sound /eɪ/
Description: Read the /e/ sound and then gradually change to the /ɪ/ sound, the
lips gradually flatten to the sides, the tongue gradually upward.

9


• way => Is this the way to the station where I can buy a ticket to go back
to the city?
• day => It was the gray day in May when I found out my university exam
results.
• Later => I came a day later because I need to finish all my homework.
17.Diphthong sound /ɔɪ/
Description: Read the sound /ɔ: / and then gradually change to the sound /ɪ/, the
lips are flattened to the sides, the tongue is raised and pushed forward.

• Coin => Those are coins, not toys, which kids love but they are very
dangerous.
• Noisy => Boy's toys are noisy, even, it makes me unable to concentrate
on work.
• Oil =>Peanut oil is good for health ; however, its price is very expensive.
18.Diphthong sound /aɪ/
Description: Read the sound / ɑ: / and then gradually change to the sound /ɪ/, the
lips gradually flatten to the sides, the tongue is raised and slightly pushed

forward.
10


• Rice => I like to eat rice with meat; however, eating too much rice is not
good.
• Drive => In Vietnam, people drive on the right; however, in Thailand,
people drive on the left..
• Like => Do you like the wine which you use to drink at parties?
19.Diphthong sound /əʊ/
Description: Read the sound / ə/ and then gradually change to the sound / ʊ /,
lips from slightly open to slightly rounded, tongue receding back.

• Home => I will go to home next week when I start the Lunar New Year
holiday.
• Cold => My toes are cold, even though I'm wearing thick socks.
• Bowl => I can eat a big bowl of rice because every day I'm very active
and need to recharge a lot of energy.
20.Diphthong sound /aʊ/
Description: Read the sound /ɑ: / and then gradually change to the sound /ʊ/, the
lips are rounder, the tongue is slightly indented back.

11


• Now =>Now, I am working at a university where I learned all the useful
knowledge .
• Flower => Out of all the flowers, I like roses the most because it looks so
romantic.
• How => There are many similar-sounding vowels; However, how to

distinguish them is very easy
II. English consonants
We have 24 consonants: /p/; /b/; /t/; /d /; /t∫/; /dʒ/; /k /; /g/; /f/; /v/; / /; / /; /s/; /z/;
/∫ /; / /; /m/; /n/; / /; /l/; /r /; /w/; /j/.
1. Consonant / p /
Description: The sound is similar to the Vietnamese /p/ sound, the blocking
force of the lips is not as strong, but the escaping steam is still as strong. The
lips block the airflow in the mouth, then force the air out. This is voiceless
consonant.

• important => My family is very important with me because i love my
parents a lots.
• picnic => We want a perfect picnic in Dalat in December; however, the
weather is not so nice.

12


• Pet =>I want to have a pet; however, my mother disagree.
2. Consonant /b/
Description: /b/: this is a voiced Consonant, produced by a lip sound and a
breathy sound with a vibration created by the point of contact of two lips.
Similar to the /b/ sound in Vietnamese. Lips block the flow of air in the mouth,
then push the air out.

• Beer => I hate drinking beer because it's not good for my health.
• Buy => I buy a new bag when I go to back my shool.
• Beautiful => I see a beautiful girl when I go to school.
3. Consonant / t /
Description: Sound /t/ in Vietnamese, but blow the air very hard, put the tip of

the tongue under the gums, when the air is out, the tip of the tongue touches the
lower front teeth. The two teeth are tight, opening when a strong airflow is
released. This is voiceless consonant.

• Tomato=> I like to mix salad with tomatoes and vegetables because it's
delicious and full of nutrients.
• Potato =>The mashed potato sauce is very interesting; however, I rarely
eat them.
• Tea => I don't like hot tea, even though my throat hurts.
13


4. Consonant /d /
Similar to Vietnamese /d/ but slightly stronger. Place the tip of the tongue under
the gum, when the air flows out, the tip of the tongue touches the lower incisors,
the two teeth are tight, open when the strong airflow is released.

• Dish=> David didn't do the dishes even though his wife went out.
• Dance=>I want to join the school dance club because I have a strong
passion for dancing.
• Drink=> I like to drink orange juice when I have breakfast at home.
5. Consonant /t∫/
Similar to the Vietnamese /ch/ sound, but the lips must be protruded when
speaking. The lips are slightly rounded and forward, when the air is out, the lips
are half round, the tongue is straight and touches the lower jaw, so that the air
escapes on the surface of the tongue.

• Choose=> I have tea and fruit juice, Which one do you choose?
• Cheese=>I’ll have a cheese sandwich because my dad promised to buy it
for me tomorrow morning.

• Picture=> The picture in the kitchen is by Czech artist; however, I don't
like it very much.
6. Consonant /dʒ/
14


Similar to /t∫/ but with vocal cord vibration. The lips are slightly rounded and
forward, when the air is out, the lips are half round, the tongue is straight and
touches the lower jaw, so that the air escapes on the surface of the tongue.

• Major=> I like to study English; however, my major is not English.
• Juice=>There’s some juice in the fridge which my mom prepared for me.
• bridge => When you return to Ben Tre, you will cross a big bridge, is
called The “Rach Mieu” bridge, connects the two provinces of Tien
Giang and Ben Tre
7. Consonant /k /
Similar to the Vietnamese /k/ sound but blows strongly, raises the back of the
tongue, touches the soft palate, lowers when the strong air blows out.

• Car=> I like a new car; however, I don`t have money.
• Cake=> I learn to make a birthday cake for my Mom because next month
is my mother's birthday.
• Kitchen=> I just cleaned up the kitchen after I finish cooking for my
family.
8. Consonant / g /
Similar to Vietnamese /g/ sound, raise the back of the tongue, touch the soft
palate, lower it when the strong air blows out.
15

• Girl=> Sam is a friendly girl who you met last night.
• Game=> Yesterday, My younger brother played game all night, even
though my mother doesn't allow it.
• Give=> Please help me send him a present because he needs it.
9. Consonant / f /
Similar to the /ph/ (pho) sound in Vietnamese, the upper jaw touches the lower
lip lightly.

• Phone=> please give me your mother's phone number because the teacher
needs it urgently.
• Funny=> I often read some funny stories in the magazine which you can
buy it at newsstands.
• Photo=> This is my family photo in Dalat where We just went on a trip
for the Lunar New Year.
10.Consonant /v /
Similar to the /v/ sound in Vietnamese, the upper jaw lightly touches the lower
lip.

16


• Very=> I am very happy when I see you there.
• Invite=> You should have to invite me to your birthday party because I
can help you decorate that party.
• Travel=> I plan to travel next month when I can apply for leave at the
company.
11.Consonant / ð /
Place the tip of the tongue between the teeth, let the air escape between the
tongue and the teeth, the larynx vibrates.

• Father=> I love my father werry much, even though I haven't lived with
him for 10 years.
• This=> This is my bag which I just bought it this morning.
• Together=> We can do our homework together because that way we will
do it faster.
12.Consonant / θ /
Place the tip of the tongue between the teeth, so that the air flows out between
the tongue and the teeth, the larynx does not vibrate.

17


• Thursday=> My birthday will be held next Thursday when you have just
returned to the city after a long vacation.
• Thousand=> I have a thousand things to do before we go away.
• Author=> The author of “Dac Nhan Tam” is Dale Carnegie who I really
like.
13.Consonant / s /
Place the tongue lightly on the upper jaw, lifting the soft palate. Air flows from
between the surface of the tongue and the gums. Without vibrating the larynx,
let the surface of the tongue gently touch the upper gum.

• Star=> when I was child, I liked to look at the stars in the sky.
• Sister=> I don`t have sister; however, I have a younger brother.
• Song=> I like folk songs because it makes me love my hometown more.
14.Consonant / z /
Place the tongue lightly on the upper jaw, the soft palate lifts, the air escapes
from between the surface of the tongue and the gums, vibrates the larynx.

18

• Zero=> You will get zero marks beause you don`t study hard.
• Zoo=> I will go to the zoo at the weekend when the kids are out of
school.
• Noise=> I heard a loud noise and ran to the window; however, I can't find
anything.
15.Consonant /∫ /
Pouted lips (like when asking someone to be quiet: Shhhhhh!). Lips face
forward as if kissing someone, lips are round, so that the surface of the tongue
touches the gums of the upper jaw, raising the front part of the tongue.

• Shop=> I usually go to the dress shop where I feel relaxed in the
weekend.
• Fish=> I hate to eat fish beause I like to eat meat.
• Sugar=> I don't like sweets beause Eating too much sugar is not good for
health.
16.Consonant / ʒ /
Lips stick out (like when asking someone to be quiet: Shhhhhh!). But there is
laryngospasm, lips forward as if kissing someone, round lips, let the tongue face
touch the upper jaw, raise the front part of the tongue.

19


• Television=> I usually watch television at 7p.m when my favorite news
program started everyday.
• Asia=>I want to travel all over Asia because I want to explore many
places, foods and cultures of different countries.
• Treasure=> Family is my treasure because my parents loved me and

taught me many valuable lessons.
17.Consonant /m/
Like the Vietnamese /m/ sound, the lips are closed, allowing the air to escape
through the nose.

• Time=> I don`t have much time for travel which I've loved it since I was
in school.
• Milk=> I usually have cereal and milk for breakfast because it's very
healthy and helps me control my weight.
• Muffin=> I love making muffins; however, I eat very little because it can
make me gain weight.
18.Consonant /n/
Air escapes from the nose, lips parted, the tip of the tongue touches the gums of
the upper jaw, blocking the flow of air to let the air escape from the nose.

20


• New=> I have a lot of new friends when I comeback to shool.
• Nice=> It's nice to see you smile beause I love you.
• Know=> I know a lot of dishes because I like to travel to many places.
19.Consonant / η /
Air is blocked in the tongue and the soft palate should come out from the nose,
the larynx vibrates, the lips are parted, the back of the tongue is raised, touching
the soft palate.

• Sing=> I can sing a lot of songs because my dad taught me since I was
very young.
• Reading=> I reading some books about economic; however, it's very
difficult to use in my hometown.

• Bank=> I like going to the bank to work so I majored in banking at
university.
20.Consonant / l /
Slowly curl the tongue, touch the upper teeth, the larynx vibrates, the lips are
widened, the lips are fully open, the tip of the tongue is slowly curved up and
placed on the upper teeth.
• Call=> I will call you later when i come to my house.

21


• Life=> Life is too short to worry about money so let's live with good
value.
• Lunch=> We had soup and sandwiches for lunch when I go to work at the
company.
21.Consonant /r /
Other /r/ Vietnamese: The tongue is curved inward and the lips are rounded,
slightly forward. When the airflow exits, the tongue returns to a relaxed state,
and the round lips expand.

• Run=> I can run around the shoolyard about 10 minutes; however, I can
even run faster if I try.
• French=> I want to travel in French next year; however, the COVID-19
pandemic is complicated.
• Library=> I usually do to the library to read book when I was about to
take the final exam..
22.Consonant /w/
The tongue is relaxed, the lips are round and forward. When the airflow exits,
the tongue remains relaxed, the rounded lips widen.

• Weekend=> we usually do to the cinemar, where i met my husband for
the first time, on the weekend.
• Weather=>today, the weather is nice so we go on a picnic together.
22


• Wind=> The wind whistles in the wood where I have seen a lot of
animals live.
23.Consonant /h/
Like the Vietnamese /h/ sound, no larynx vibration, lips half open, tongue
lowered to let air out.

• Hot=> This dish is still very hot because it has just been cooked.
• Help=> I can help you analyze this problem; however, you must
complete it yourself.
• Hope=> We let hope because there's a rainbow after the rain.
24.Consonant / j /
Raise the anterior part of the tongue near the dorsum, pushing the air out
between the anterior part of the tongue and the dorsum but without the sound of
airflow friction (due to the gap between the anterior part of the tongue and the
dorsum). not too close) vibrates the vocal cords in the throat. The lips are
slightly open when the air is out, the lips are wide, the middle part of the tongue
is slightly raised, when the air is out, the tongue is relaxed.

• Young=> When my mother was young, she was also very beautiful and
full of energy.
• Your=> When you feel tired, you remember your parents.
• Use=> you may use my book any time; however, you should take good
care of them.
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