Tài liệu Novel Strategies in Ischemic Heart Disease Edited by Umashankar Lakshmanadoss pdf

NOVEL STRATEGIES IN
ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

Edited by Umashankar Lakshmanadoss










Novel Strategies in Ischemic Heart Disease
Edited by Umashankar Lakshmanadoss


Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2012 InTech
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Notice
Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors
and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the
accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no
responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any
materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.

Publishing Process Manager Maja Bozicevic
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer InTech Design Team

First published February, 2012
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from


Novel Strategies in Ischemic Heart Disease, Edited by Umashankar Lakshmanadoss
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0184-0

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 1 Overview of Coronary Artery Disease 3
Umashankar Lakshmanadoss
Part 2 Diagnostics of Ischemic Heart Disease 15
Chapter 2 Cardiac Biomarkers 17
Sadip Pant, Abhishek Deshmukh, Pritam Neupane,
M.P. Kavin Kumar and C.S. Vijayashankar
Chapter 3 Inflammatory Biomarkers in Ischemic Heart Disease 43
Mette Bjerre
Chapter 4 Measurement of Myocardial Contractility in
the Ischemic Heart – A Disease Immanent Uncertainty 63
Jens Broscheit
Chapter 5 Electrical Heart Instability Evaluation
in Conditions of Diastolic Heart Failure
Suffered by Coronary Heart Disease Patients 81
E.P. Tatarchenko, N.V. Pozdnyakova,
O.E. Morozova and E.A. Petrushin
Part 3 Pharmacotherapy of Ischemic Heart Disease 99
Chapter 6 Prehospital Thrombolysis: It’s All About Time 101
Raveen Naidoo and Nicholas Castle
Chapter 7 Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 123
Ajay Suri, Sophia Tincey, Syed Ahsan

and Pascal Meier

Chapter 8 Platelet Activation in Ischemic Heart Disease:
Role of Modulators and New Therapies 135
Mahdi Garelnabi, Javier E. Horta and Emir Veledar
VI Contents

Chapter 9 Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion/Injury 163
Nermine Saleh and Magda Youssef
Part 4 Novel Treatment Strategies 187
Chapter 10 Connexin 43 Hemichannels and
Pharmacotherapy of Myocardial Ischemia Injury 189
Ghayda Hawat and Ghayath Baroudi
Chapter 11 Myocardial Ischemia: Alterations in
Myocardial Cellular Energy and Diastolic Function,
a Potential Role for D-Ribose 219
Linda M. Shecterle and J. A. St. Cyr
Chapter 12 Two Novel Approaches Providing Cardiac
Protection Against Oxidative Stress 229
Howard Prentice and Herbert Weissbach
Chapter 13 Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by High
Cholesterol Diet is Inhibited by
the Low Dose Fish Oil in Male C57BL/6J Mice 247
Satoshi Hirako, Miki Harada, Hyoun-Ju Kim,
Hiroshige Chiba and Akiyo Matsumoto
Chapter 14 Cardiac Protection with Targeted Drug Delivery
to Ischemic-Reperfused Myocardium 253
Michael Galagudza
Chapter 15 Topical Negative Pressure, Applied onto
the Myocardium, a Potential Alternative Treatment for
Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in the Future 275
Sandra Lindstedt, Malin Malmsjö,

Joanna Hlebowicz and Richard Ingemansson
Chapter 16 Ischemic Heart Disease, Diabetes
and Mineralocorticoid Receptors 287
Anastasia Susie Mihailidou
Part 5 Public Health Importance of Ischemic Heart Disease 299
Chapter 17 Cardiology Best Practice – Effective Health
Education Meets Biomedical Advances:
Reducing the Ultimate Knowledge Translation Gap 301
Elizabeth Dean, Zhenyi Li, Wai Pong Wong and Michael E. Bodner
Chapter 18 Inpatient Costs Associated with Ischemic Heart Disease
Among Adults Aged 18-64 Years in the United States 319
Guijing Wang, Zefeng Zhang, Carma Ayala,
Diane Dunet and Jing Fang
Contents VII

Chapter 19 Post-Myocardial Infarction Depression 333
Rousseau Guy, Thierno Madjou Bah and Roger Godbout
Chapter 20 Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenase CYP2J2 G-50T
Polymorphism is an Independent Genetic Prognostic
Risk Factor and Interacts with Smoking Cessation
After Index Premature Myocardial Infarction 363
Ping-Yen Liu, Yi-Heng Li and Jyh-Hong Chen
Part 6 Miscellaneous 379
Chapter 21 Coronary Artery Aneurysms: An Update 381
Karina M. Mata, Cleverson R. Fernandes, Elaine M. Floriano,
Antonio P. Martins, Marcos A. Rossi and Simone G. Ramos
Chapter 22 Cardiac Function and Organ Blood Flow
at Early Stage Following Severe Burn 405
Rong Xiao and Yue-Sheng Huang
Chapter 23 Aging, Reactive Nitrogen Species and Myocardial

Apoptosis Induced by Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury 429
Huirong Liu, Ke Wang, Xiaoliang Wang, Jue Tian,
Jianqin Jiao, Kehua Bai, Jie Yang and Haibo Xu








Preface

To study the phenomena of disease without books is to sail an uncharted sea, while to study
books without patients is not to go to sea at all.
SIR WILLIAM OSLER
Ischemic heart disease continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in
both developed and developing countries, and remains one of the most important
public health problems. The continuous rise in the prevalence of disorders such as
obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension is driving the ever-increasing
number of incidences of ischemic heart disease. In recent years we have seen
remarkable advances in the understanding of ischemic heart disease in areas such as
epidemiology, risk assessment, risk factor reduction, pathophysiology, early detection,
biochemical markers, imaging and in treatments. Nevertheless, the importance of
prevention and personal responsibility in controlling the disease has also attracted
great attention. As we all know, cardiovascular medicine is an ever-growing field;
ongoing research has led to new discoveries in management, leading to improvements
in the outcomes of the patients with cardiovascular diseases.
The first edition of this book will provide a comprehensive overview of ischemic heart
disease, including epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation,

diagnostic tests, differential diagnosis, treatment, complications and prognosis. Also
discussed are current treatment options, protocols and diagnostic procedures, as well
as the latest advances in the field. The book will serve as a cutting-edge point of
reference for the basic or clinical researcher, and any clinician involved in the
diagnosis and management of ischemic heart disease. This book is essentially designed
to fill the vital gap existing between these practices to provide a textbook that is
substantial and readable, compact and reasonably comprehensive, and to provide an
excellent blend of “basics to bedside and beyond” in the field of ischemic heart
disease.
With increasing life expectancy and increasing prevalence of the disease, patients with
ischemic heart disease are being taken care of by various health care providers. I
sincerely hope that this textbook will meet the needs of nurses, healthcare providers,
medical students, clinicians, physician scientists and, of course, patients. With this
X Preface

information easily accessible via the internet, no one is deprived of the pioneering
technology and ongoing research. I am thrilled to present the various chapters like
epidemiology, diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and its complications, management
of ischemic heart disease and its risk factors and complications. Chapters discussing
translational research and novel treatment strategies will be really exciting for those
interested in basic science research.
I gratefully acknowledge the invaluable organisational skills of the publisher InTech,
the timely and invaluable assistance of publishing process manager Ms Maja
Bozicevic, designer, technical editors, information technology staff and finally the
marketing representatives who are working constantly to promote the book on various
platforms. I sincerely applaud all the contributing authors for their excellence, hard
work and commitment in respect of their chapters. They have taken time from their
personal and professional lives to complete this task and I thank them profusely for it.
I believe that this book will provide valuable information for all healthcare providers
who are trying to make a positive difference in our fellow human beings' lives.

Let's love humanity through love of our profession.

Umashankar Lakshmanadoss MD
Formerly Director, Inpatient Medicine Consult Service,
JHBMC, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD,
USA

Division of Cardiology, Guthrie Clinic,
Sayre, PA,
USA

Dedication
This book is dedicated to my mother Mrs Jana, my wife Mrs Priya for constant
support, encouragement and fond memories without which this textbook would not
have been possible, and to my nieces Karnika, Rithisha, Deepshika and Trisha for
making my life more joyous.


Part 1
Introduction