TEST THEORY ON THI TIENG ANH 12

TEST THEORY
I. VERB- FORM:
1.

V0:

+ Sau khiếm khuyết ( can, must, could , should , may …. )
+ Sau 1 số động từ :: let , make , see, watch, observe, notice, hear + O +V0
+ Sau giả định ( subjunctive ) : S + giả định + that + S + V0( chủ động) /
be V3/ed ( bị động)
+ Sau từ chỉ mục đích : in order to / so as to / to + V0

*/ Chú ý : Có 2 dạng giả định:
Dạng 1 :

S +V(

advise , ask, command , demand, ,desire , insist, propose, recommend,

request, suggest , urge, move ) + that

+S+

V0 ( chủ động )
be V3/ed ( bị động)

Dạng 2:

S + be + adj

( necessary, essential, crucial , vital , important, imperative,

recommended, urgent, best + that

+S+

V0 ( chủ động )
be V3/ed ( bị động)

1. she can ( play ) ………………………….sports.
2. I saw Tom ( stand ) ……………..in front of my house yesterday.
3. Tom’s father insists that he ( find ) ………a job and settle down in a big city.
4. The government demanded that rural people (allow ) ………….............….to live and look
for jobs in big cities.
5. It is important that the government (encourage )………….. More investment in rural areas
6. She learns hard in order to ( pass ) the exam.

2. V-ING:
a. Sau 1 số động từ : enjoy , mind , suggest, finish , avoid , admit , deny , postpone , delay ,
practise , like , dislike , go , consider , appreciate,finish , detest, , miss, risk , feel like , give up ,
be busy + V-ING
b. Sau 1 số cụm từ : can’t help , can’t bear , can’t stand , It’s worth , it’s (no) use/ good , look
forward to + , object to , get/ be used to + V_ING
c. Sau giới từ : on , in , of , after, before, without , for , from ,….. + V-ING


Ex: 1. My friends suggests ( have )……………………a picnic.
2. I look forward to (see) ………………………..my parents.
3. My sister is fond of ( plant ) …………………………many types of different flowers.
4. It’s worth ( buy ) …………………………a new car.
5. My father gets used to ………………….up earrly

3. TO V0:
a. Reduce relative clauses ( Rút gọn mệnh đề liên hệ )
+ Có STT ( first, second, third, fourth,…, last, only, so sánh nhất :

to V0 ( chủ động
to be V3/ed ( bị động)

+ Không có STT :

V-ing ( chủ động)
V3/ed ( bị động)

b. Theo sau 1 số cấu trúc:
+ S / It + be + adj + ( for 0 )
+ S+ be/V + too + adj/ adv + ( for 0)
+ S + be/ V + adj/ adv + enough + ( for 0 )

+ to V0

c. Sau tất cả từ để hỏi: S + V + What / where / how/ how many ... + to V0
d. Sau 1 số động từ :

*/ S + V (Agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, be determined, fail, offer ,
forget, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, remember,
seem, tend, threaten, try, volunteer expect, want, mean,... )

+ to V0

*/ S + V (, allow, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite, let, order, permit,
persuade, request, remind, see, train, teach how, urge, warn, tempt,...)

4. Một

số trường hợp đặc biệt :

a. Get / have :
+ S + have / get + 0( vật ) + V3/ed…
+ S + get + 0 ( người ) + to V0…
+ S + have + 0 ( người ) + V0…

+ 0 + to V0


Ex: 1. I got Tom ( repair ) …….........………..my bike yesterday.
2. Mary had Jimmy ( repair) …………….the fence that fell over in the garden.
3. My friend will have her hair ( cut) ………………..
4. I will get the smartphone ( update )…………
b. need:
+ S ( vật ) + need + V-ing / to be V3/ed ( bị động )
+ S ( người ) + need + to V0 ( chủ động )
Ex: 1. The class needs ( sweep) ………………………everyday.
2. Mary needs ( buy ) …………………..a new house.
c. Allow / permit / advise / recommend:
+ S + allow / permit + 0 + to V0
+ S + allow / permit + V-ing….
+ S + be + allowed / permitted + to V0.
Ex: 1. My parents allow me ( go ) …………………out with my friends at the weekend.
2. I am allowed ( use) ………………the smartphone when I finish my homework.
3. Her husband doesn’t allow anyone ( smoke ) ……………………in the house.
4. Her husband doesn’t allow ( smoke) ………………………in the house.
5. They don't allow ( park) ............................... here.

6. He advised ( apply) ........................ at once.
d. remember/ forget : nhớ / quên
+ S + remember/ forget + to V0 : chỉ thói quen, hoặc sự việc chưa xảy ra
+ S + remember / forget + V-ing: Chỉ sự việc đã xảy ra rồi/ đã làm rồi
Ex: 1. you remember ( turn) ……………….off the lights before you go to bed.
2. She usually forgets ( park) …………………….her car in the garage.
3. You remember ( send) …………………..this letter to Tom tomorrow.
4. I remember ( meet) …………………………Mai at the party.
5. I forgot ( lock) …………………..the windows in the class yesterday.
e. Try : cố gắng / thử.
+ S + try + to V0 : cố gắng để làm gì.
+ S + try + V-ing : Thử làm gì


Ex: We try ( learn) ……………………….hard to pass the next exam.
2. This lock is old. We try ( pour ) …………………..some oil into it.
f. Stop : ngừng
+ S + stop + to V0: ngừng để làm gì khác
+ S + stop + V-ing: ngừng làm việc gì
Ex: 1. We stopped ( have ) ………………………..breakfast.
2. My father stopped ( smoke ) ……………………three years ago.
g. Regret : hối hận / thông báo
+ S + regret + to V0: hối hận / hối tiếc về việc đã làm
+ S + regret + V-ing: thơng báo / báo tin gì cho ai
Ex: 1. I regret (buy ) …………………………this old car.
2. I regret ( inform ) ……………………………..your bad marks.
h. Một số cấu trúc :
+ It’ s time

to V0

( that ) + S + QKĐ ( V2/ed)

+ S + would rather

V0
have V3/ed
( that ) + S + QKĐ ( V2/ed )

*/ GRAMMAR:
I. COMPARATION:
1. Comparative form : So sánh hơn
+ Ngắn : S1 + be/ V + short adj / adv – er + than + S2
+ Dài : S1+ be / V + more + long adj / adv+ than + S2
2. Superlative comprison: So sánh nhất
+ Ngắn : S + be/V + the + short adj / adv – est + …..
+ Dài: S + be / V + the most + long adj/ adv …..


3. Equal comprison: So sánh bằng
Kđ: S1 + be / V + as - adj / adv - as + S2
Pđ: S1 + be/ V + so- adj/ adv –as + S2
4. Double comparison: So sánh kép
a/ Càng ngày càng:
+ Ngắn : S + be / V + short adj/adv-er and short adj/adv-er
+ Dài : S + be / V + more and more + long adj/adv
b/ So sánh nguyên nhân và kết quả ( Thường 2 mệnh đề )
The + so sánh hơn + S + V/ be , the+ so sánh hơn + S + V / be
*/ Notes : Linking verbs: get , become, be, seem, sound , grow, stay, remain, stand, feel ,
look , turn , taste, smell , appear , prove , act + Adj ( Tính Từ )
- Tính từ có 2 âm tiết mà kết thúc = ( y, ow, er, et ,le ) ta xem ngắn.

Ex : - happy , clever, simple , narrow, quiet( ngắn )
- tired , careful, intelligent , boring ( dài)
*/ Trường hợp ngoại lệ :
-

good/ well => better => the best

-

Bad/ badly/ ill => worse => the worst

-

Far => farther / further => the farthest / furthest

-

Many/ much => more => the most

-

Few => fewer => the fewest

-

Little => less => the least

*/ Cách thành lập trạng từ:
-

Adj + ly => adv

Ex: beauliful => beautifully
-

Good => well

-

Một số từ vừa tính từ , vừa trạng từ : hard , fast , late , early, soon ,far ( ngắn )


II . Conditional sentences:
1. Type 1 : Chắc chắn xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
If + HTĐ , S + will / KK / mệnh lênh ( V0/ Don’t V0 ) + V0
=> ĐN : Should + S + ( not ) V0 , S + will / KK / mệnh lênh ( V0/ Don’t V0 ) + V0
2. Type 2: Trái với hiện tại ( không thật ở hiện tại )
If + QKĐ ( be=> were) , S + would/ could / might + V0
=> Were + S ( not) + to V0 , S + would/ could / might + V0
3. Type 3: Trái với quá khứ ( hối hận )
If + QKHT ( S + had V3/ed) , S + would/could/ might + have + V3/ed
=> ĐN : Had + S + ( not) V3/ed, S + would/could/ might + have + V3/ed
4. Type 0: Chỉ sự thật khoa học, 1 chân lí:
If + HTĐ , HTĐ
Ex: If the sun rises in East , it sets in West.
5. Type 5 : Mixed ( kết hợp )
Ex: If you had done homewwork last night , you wouldn’t be punished now.
Chú ý : Kết hợp câu điều kiện
+ Bước 1: Xác định câu gốc HTĐ => If 2, QKĐ=> If 3
+ Bước 2: Xđ mệnh đề nguyên nhân ( because) đặt ngay mđ if, mđ kết quả (so) đăt mệnh đề

chính.
+ Bước 3: Câu gốc kđ  phủ định
1. Because I don’t have money , I can’t buy a new car.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=>.........................................................................................................................................
2. Because Mary ate many sweets, she was sick.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=>.........................................................................................................................................


3. Because he went to bed late , he doesn’t do morning exercises.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=>.........................................................................................................................................
4. Mai is punished now because she didn’t do her homework last night.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=>.........................................................................................................................................
III . Passive voice: ( Bị động)
*/ Chủ động: S + V + O + … + Time


Bị động : S + be + V3/ed + … + ( by O) + Time

1.

HTĐ: S + is / am / are + V3/ed + … ( by O ) + time

2.

HTTD: S + is/ am are + being + V3/ed +…(by O) + time

3.

HTHT: S + has/ have + been + V3/ed + …(by O) + time

4.

QKĐ: S + was/ were + V3/ed +… + (by O) + time

5.

QKTD : S + was/ were + being + V3/ed +… + ( by O ) + time

6.

QKHT: S + had + been + V3/ed + … + ( by O ) + time

7.

TLĐ: S + will + be + V3/ed + … + (by O ) + time

8.

TLTD: S + will be + being + V3/ed +… + (by O ) + time

9.

TLHT : S + will have + been + V3/ed +… + ( by O ) + time

10.
11.

12.

Be going to : S + is/ am / are + going to + be + V3/ed +… ( by O ) = time
KK: S + KK + be + V3/ed + … + ( by O ) + time
Have to : S + have to / has to + be + V3/ed +… + ( by O ) + time

*/ Passive voice of reporting verbs: ( Bị động của động từ tường thuật)
Chủ động: S1 + V1+( that )+ S2 + V2 +…
Bị động : Cách 1: S2+ be +( V1->V3/ ed) + V2
Cách 2: It + be + (V1=> V3/ed ) + that + S2+ V2…


Chú ý : - Nếu V2 xảy ra trước V1 => to have V3/ed
- Nếu V2 dùng thì HTHT/ QKHT => to have + V3/ed
-

Nếu V2 và V1 xảy ra cùng thời điểm => to V0

-

Nếu V2 xảy ra sau V1 ( V2 dùng thì HTĐ, HTTD , TLĐ , can , must, may…) => to V0

Ex: 1. People say that Tom is an excellent student this year.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=>.........................................................................................................................................
2. They think that Mr Brown was absent from the company last year.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=>.........................................................................................................................................
IV. Connectors: Từ kết nối
1. So …. That

S+ be/ V + so + adj / adv + that + MĐ(S + (KK) + V0)
2 . Such … that
S + be + such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that + MĐ(S + (KK) + V0)
=> ĐN :

So + adj/ adv + ĐN + That + Mệnh đề ( S + V)
Such + ĐN + That + Mệnh đề ( S + V )

c. Too … to :
S + be / V + too + adj / adv + ( for 0 ) + to V0…
d. Enough … to :
S + be / V + adj / adv + enough + ( for 0 ) + to V0…
Chú ý:
+ Cấu trúc too..to và enough … to ( khơng có it/ them cuối câu.
+ Cấu trúc so … that / such …. That có thể có it / them.
+ Enough có thể đứng trước danh từ


V. CONJUNCTIONS: ( LIÊN TỪ )
A. CLAUSE OF PURPOSE : MĐ chỉ mục đích
+ in order ( not) to +

V0

+ so as (not) to +
+ ( not) to +
+ so that
+ in order that

Mệnh đề ( S + can/ could / will / would + V0

Ex: 1. I study hard so that I can pass the exam.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
2. I study hard so that I won’t fail the exam.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
3. I hide the toy so that my mother can’t see it.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
B. CLAUSE OF CONCESSIVE : Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ
1. + Although
+ Though
+ Even though
+ Despite the fact that

MỆNH ĐỀ ( S + V)

+ In spite of the fact that
2. Despite/ In spite of +

V-ING / NOUN PHRASES

3. , but / , yet : Nhưng ( Trước but , yet có dấu phẩy )
4. . However, / . Nevertheless, : tuy nhiên ( Trước however / nevertheless có dấu chấm hoặc
chấm phẩy, sau however / nevertheless có dấu phẩy)
5. a. No matter who/what/when/ where + S + V
5. b. No matter how + adj/adv S + V, S + V
6. Adj/Adv as S + V, S + V
Ex : Mặc dù anh ấy nghèo nhưng anh ấy học giỏi.


=> ..............................................................................................................................................

=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
C. CLAUSES OF REASON AND RESULT: Mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân và kết quả
*/ Bởi vì:
+ Because of
+ due to

V-ING / NOUN PHRASES

+ owning to
+ Because
+ As
+ Since

MỆNH ĐỀ ( S + V)

+ Due to the fact that
*/ Vì vậy , vì thế :
+ , so / , thus
+ . Therefore ,

MỆNH ĐỀ ( S + V)

Ex: Bởi vì thời tiết xấu, chúng tơi ở tại nhà hôm qua
1. Because the weather was bad, we stayed at home yesterday.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=> ..............................................................................................................................................

=> ..............................................................................................................................................
D. MỘT SỐ LIÊN TỪ KHÁC
1. AND: Thêm / bổ sung một thứ vào một thứ khác
Ex: - I do morning exercise every day to keep fit and relax.
-I like watching sports and listening to music.


2. OR: Dùng để trình bày thêm một lựa chọn khác.
Ex: You can play games or watch TV.
3. NOR: Dùng để bổ sung một ý phủ định vào ý phủ định đã được nêu trước đó.
Ex: I don’t like listening to music nor playing sports. I’m just keen on reading.

VII: CONVERSION: Đảo ngữ:
1.

Hardly / Scarcely + had + S + V3/ed + when+ MĐ ( S + V )

2.

No sooner + had + S + V3/ed + than + MĐ ( S + V )

3.

It is time + S + QKĐ

4.

S + would rather + that + S + QKĐ

Ex: 1. Hardly had I put the receiver down when he rang back.

2.

No sooner had she hung the clothes out than it rained.

3.

It is time she left immediately.

4.

I’d rather he didn’t go to school late.

VIII. RELATIVE CLAUSE: mệnh đề liên hệ
+ Who : Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người làm S
+ Whom: Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người làm 0
+ Which: Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật S và 0
+ Whose : Thay thế cho sở hữu ( whose + noun )
+ Where : Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn
+ When : Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ thời gian
+ Why : Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ lí do.
*/ Chú ý :
- Trước where/ when/ why khơng bao giờ có giới từ .
- Sau where/ when / why phải 1 mệnh đề ( S + V )
- That có thể thay thế cho who/ whom/ which ( Trừ trường hợp có dấu phẩy và giới từ không
được thế )


- Reduce relative clauses ( Rút gọn mệnh đề liên hệ )
+ Có STT ( first, second, third, fourth,…, last, only, so sánh nhất :

to V0 ( chủ động
to be V3/ed ( bị động)

+ Khơng có STT :

V-ing ( chủ động)
V3/ed ( bị động)

Ex: 1 The teacher is very good. He teaches us Maths.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=>.........................................................................................................................................
2. This is the girl. We talked to her last night.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=>.........................................................................................................................................
3. The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty was added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2011. It is
located in Thanh Hoa province.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=>.........................................................................................................................................
4. The first Japanese Bridge became a main tourist attraction in Hoi An. It was built in the
early 1600s .
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=>.........................................................................................................................................
5. This is the last boy. He left the class yesterday.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=>.........................................................................................................................................
6. The chair has just been repaired. Its leg was broken yesterday.
=>...............................................................................................................................................
7. This is the first day. I started a new school year on that day.
=>...............................................................................................................................................

8. The reason is very suitable. Tom explained the reason to us last night.
=>...............................................................................................................................................
9. My hometown is very beautiful. I was born there.
=>...............................................................................................................................................
IX. REPORTED SPEECH:

a. Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu:
Đại từ nhân xưng
Chủ ngữ
Trực tiếp
I
we
You


Gián tiếp
He, she
they
They/ he/ she/ I

Tân ngữ
Trực tiếp
Me
us
you

gián tiếp
Him/ her
Them

Them/ him/ her

Trực tiếp
my
our
your

Gián tiếp
His/ her
Their
Their/ his/her/ my

Trực tiếp
mine
ours
yours

Gián tiếp
Him/ hers
Theirs
Theirs/ his/ hers

Tính từ sở hữu

Đại từ sở hữu

b. Thay đổi thời gian nơi trốn , thời gian :
Trực tiếp

Gián tiếp

Today/ tonight

that day/ that night

Yesterday

the day before/ the previous day

last month

the moth before / the previous month

Tomorrow

the following day/ the next day/ the day after


this month

that month

The day before yesterday

Two days before

The day after tomorrow

In two days’ time

next month

the month after / the following month/ the next
month

Here

there

Now

then

Ago

before

This

that

These

Those

c. Lùi thì:
+ HTĐ=> QKĐ

+ HTHT/ QKĐ=> QKHT

+ HTTD=> QKTD

+ Will => Would

+ Can=> Could

+ Must => Had to

+ May=> might
d. Các dạng tường thuật:
1.

Gerund: ( Danh động từ )

*/ Verb + Preposition
- apologize ( to +O ) for __________ing

- object to __________ing

- complain about __________ing

- participate in __________ing

- dream of __________ing

- take part in __________ing

- insist on __________ing

- think of __________ing

- look forward to __________ing

- have difficulty in __________ing

- take advantage of __________ing

- keen on __________ing


*/ Verb + Object + Preposition
- accuse + O + of ______ing : kết tội

- prevent/ stop + O + from ______ing : ngăn chặn

- blame + O + for ______ing : đổ lỗi

- keep + O + from _______ing : giữ

- charge + O + with ____ing : buộc tội

- compliment + O + on _______ing : khen

- thank + O + for ______ing : cảm ơn

- congratulate+ O + on ________ing: chúc mừng

- warn+ O + against ____ing : Cảnh báo

- criticize+ O + for _________ing : chỉ trích

- fine / punish + O + for ____ing : phạt

- excuse + O + for________ing: Xin lỗi

- remind + O + of ____ing : Gợi nhớ

- forgive + O + for________ing : Tha thứ

*/ Verb + V-ing:
- deny : từ chối
- admit: thừa nhận
- practise: thực hành

V-ING

- suggest: đề nghị
- enjoy/ feel like: thích

2. Reported speech with to infinitive
*/ S + V + TO V0
+ refuse : từ chối ( pđ)
+ promise : hứa
+ agree: đồng ý
+ want : muốn
+ decide : quyết định
+ offer : đề nghị
+ hope : hi vongk
+ wish : ước

*/ S + V + 0 + TO V0:

TO V0


- demand, ask , recommend, require, command, request : yêu cầu
- encourage , stimulate: khuyến khích , khích lệ
- invite : mời
- order: ra lệnh
= urge : thúc giục

+ 0 + to V0

- remind : gợi nhớ
- advise: khuyên
- warn: cảnh báo
- beg: van xin, nài nỉ
- threaten : đe dọa
- tell : nói , bảo
*/ Chú ý : MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT:
a.- Would you/ Could you / Will you/ Can you -> asked+ sb + to + V
- Would you mind + V-ing /Do you mind + V-ing -> asked + sb + to +V
b. Would you like/ Will you -> invited + sb + to + V
c. Lời khuyên thờng bắt đầu bằng:
- You should / You ought to
- If I were you , I would/ should …
- You had better …
- Why don’t you ….

S + advised + O + to V

…

EX: Why don’t you repaint our room? →She advised me to repaint their room.
d. Lời nhắc nhở
“Remember…”

S + remind(ed) + someboby + to V0

Don’t for get
Ex: She said to me; “Don’t forget to ring me up tomorrow evening”
-> She reminded me to ring her up the bext eveining

e. Sự đồng ý về quan điểm như:

S + agreed + to V0


- all right, Yes, of course =

Ex: “All right, I’ll wait for you” he said
-> He agreed to wait for me
f. Diễn tả sự mong muốn:
- would like

S + wanted + 0 + to V0

- wish

Ex: “I’d like Lan to become a doctor,” my mum said
-> My mum wanted Lan to become a doctor

j. Từ chối :
S + won’t + V0 =

S + refused + to V0 …

Ex: ‘No, I won’t lend you my car”
-> He refused to lend me his car.
k. Lời hứa:
S + will + V0 =

S + promised to V0

Ex: ‘I’ll send you a card on your birthday”
-> He promised to send me a card on my birthday.
3. Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp: (Statements in reported speech)
a. Khẳng định:
S + said (to + O) + that S + V……
S + told + O + that S + V….
Ex: ‘We will have a test tomorrow’, My teacher said.
-> My teacher said (that) they would have a test the next day.

Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)

b.

*/ Chó ý: Khi chuyển câu hỏi trực tiếp thành gián tiếp cũng

cần áp dụng qui tắc chuyển đổi trên, ngoài ra cần thay

đổi:

-

Động từ tường thuật câu hỏi gián tiếp là asked/ wanted to know/ wondered ( tự hỏi)
Câu hỏi mà khơng có từ để hỏi ta mượn If / whether. Nếu có từ để hỏi thì hạ xuống
Chuyển câu hỏi sang khẳng định và lùi thì.
Khơng dùng liên từ “that’, dấu “?” được bỏ đi


+ Yes/ no questions:
S + asked + ( O ) + if / whether + clause
Ex: Tuan asked Ba “Are you fond of watching television?”

 Tuan asked Ba if/whether he was fond of watching television
+ Wh-questions:
S + asked + (O) + wh - word + clause
Ex: He said to me, “Why did you go with her father last week?”
=> He asked me why I had gone with her father the week before.
c. Câu

mệnh lệnh trong lời nói gián tiếp (Imperative in reported speech)

*/ Chỳ ý:
+ Động từ tờng thuật là: ordered, commanded (ra lệnh), requested, asked (yêu cầu), told (bảo
làm )
+ Tâm ngữ trực tiếp chỉ ngời nhận mệnh lệnh đợc nêu lên.
+ Hình thức mệnh lệnh của động từ trong câu mệnh lệnh trực tiếp đổi thành động từ
nguyên thÓ.

- Khẳng định : V0

... => S + V + 0 + to V0

+ Commanded ( Yeu cầu )

+ 0 + to V0

+ Told ( Noi )
+ Asked ( Yeu cầu )
+ Requested ( Yeu cầu )
Eg: “Please wait for a minute.” The man asked me
à The man asked me to wait for a minute.

- Phủ định : Don’t V0... => S
+ ordered
+ told
+ asked
Ex: “ Please don’t talk loudly”.
à He asked me not to talk loudly.
- He said “Don’t shut the door”.
à He asked me not to shut the door.

+ V + 0 + not to V0

+ 0 + not to V0


d. Câu cảm thán trong lời nói gián tiếp: (Exclamationin reported speech)
- Động từ tường thuật là: exclaim/shout
Ex: He said, “ What a lovely garden they have”
=> He exclaimed that they had a lovely garden.

- Các hình thức cảm thán bắt đầu bằng “what’ và “how” chuyển sang gián tiếp bằng:
He said that it was … / hoặc He exclaimed that it was …
Ex: 1: She said; “What a pity!” (Direct speech)
-> She exclaimed that it was a pity
2. I said; “What a nice horse”
-> I exclaimed that it was a nice hoese
3. He said; “How beautiful she is!”
-> He exclaimed that she was beautiful!
4. “What a big egg” he said
-> He said that it was a big egg.
X. TENSE TRANSFORMATION:
a. The last time + S + V2/ed + ........ + was + ago / in
<=> S + hasn’t / haven’t + V3/ed + ...... for / since
b. S + last + V2/ed + ...... ago / in
<=> S + hasn’t / haven’t + V3/ed + ..... for / since
Chú ý : It ‘s + khoảng thời gian + since + S + last + V2/ed
Ex: 1. The last time we saw Tom was in 2000.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=>.........................................................................................................................................
2. She was last at school was ten years ago.
=> ..............................................................................................................................................
=>............................................................................................................................................


3. They haven’t visited New York for a long time .
=>............................................................................................................................................
=>............................................................................................................................................
c. S + started/ began + to V0/ V-ing + ...... ago / in
<=> S + has/ have + V3/ed + ....... for / since
Ex: 1. I started to work in this school when I graduated from the university.

=>............................................................................................................................................
2. Mr Brown has been a doctor for twenty years.
=>............................................................................................................................................
3. This is the first time + S + have / has + V3/ed + ......
<=> S + has/ have + never + V3/ed + ... before.
hasn’t / haven’t + ever
Ex: 1. This is the first time we visited New York .
=>..................................................................................................................................................
2. She has never come to Britain before.
=>.................................................................................................................................................
3. It is over twenty years since I last got in touch with them
=>................................................................................................................................................
=>..................................................................................................................................................
4. The last time we went to the cinema was five years ago.
=>............................................................................................................................................
5. My father has worked in this company for 20 years.
=>...........................................................................................................................................
6. Tom hasn’t leraned French for a long time.
=>...............................................................................................................................................
=>................................................................................................................................................


7. It is twenty years since I was last at Mary’s house.
=>..................................................................................................................................................
=>................................................................................................................................................
4. S1 + be + The + SS nhất + noun + S2 + has/ have+ V3/ed ....

S2 + has / have + never + ( a/ an ) + SS hơn + noun + Than + S1
Ex: 1. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
=>....................................................................................................................................................

2. We have never eaten a better cake tha this cake/one.
=>....................................................................................................................................................
XI. Phát âm đi s/es. Cần nhớ 3 nhóm phát âm khác nhau
- Nhóm 1: các từ có đi ( th, p/ph/ gh , k, f , t)
=> thêm s = > đọc /S/ - Ex: books => s
- Nhóm 2: các từ có đi ( s, ch , x, sh , z, ce , ge , gi ) => thêm s/es => Đọc iz
Ex: watches=> iz
- Nhóm 3: các từ có đi khác => Đọc z

- Ex: listens => z

2. Phát âm đi ED. Cần nhớ 3 nhóm phát âm khác nhau
- Nhóm 1: các từ có đi t, d => thêm ed => đọc / id/ Ex: needed=> id
- Nhóm 2: các từ có đi “th, p/ph/ gh , k, f , s, ch, x,sh,ce )=> thêm ed => đọc /t/ ”
Ex: washed => t
-Nhóm 3: các từ có đuôi khác thêm ed => đọc /d/ Ex: played=> d
*/ Chú ý : Writes => S , loves => z , raised => d , decreased=> t
- ce => s
- chữ s giữa 2 nguyên âm + đọc z ( trừ increase, decrease, base, ease, practise, promise… )
=> s
Ex: raise => z , increase => s - Một số từ không kết thúc t,d nhưng vẫn đọc id : naked,
wicked , beloved , sacred , hatred , wretched , learrned, rugged dogged, ragged, blessed ,
crooked, crabbed, cursed


XI. TENSES : THÌ ĐỘNG TỪ
1. Present continuous: HTTD
*/ Trạng từ nhận biết : now, at the moment, right now, at present, at this/ that time , sau look!
*/ Structures : S + is/am are + V-ing
Ex: 1. My sister ( play )……………………………….. tennis in the school yard at the moemnt

2. Where is Tom now? He ( have ) ..............................breakfast at home.
3. I ( not, sit) .......................................at cafe’ at this time .
4. Be careful! A car ( come ) ................................................near you
5. Where’s your sister? She ( swim) .................................................in the garden.
2. Present simple : HTĐ
*/ Trạng từ nhận biết : usually , often , always, sometimes , normally, occasionally, every+
time ,… sự thạt hiển nhiên.
*/ Structures :

Kđ:

S( 3 số ít ) + Vs/es....
S ( - 3 số it ) + V0.....

Pđ:

S( 3 số ít ) + doesn’t + V0
S( - 3 số it) + don’t + V0

Nv :

( WH-) + does + S (3 số ít) + V0?
( WH-) + do + S ( - 3 số ít ) + V0?

Ex: 1 My father ( usually, go ) .........................................to the dentist every six months.
2. The sun ( rise ) ...........................in the East , it ( set ) ....................................in the West.
3. What .....................you ( do )........................at the weekend? I ( watch) ........................TV.
4. My friends ( not, like ) .........................................coffee, but they ( like ) ...............milk tea.
5. It ( be ) ..............................hot in the summer, so he ( often , go) ............................swimming
3. Present perfect: HTHT

*/ Trạng từ nhận biết : just , already , never , ever, lately , recently ,not…. yet , so far, up to
now, until now , for ( khoảng thời gian), since ( mốc thời gian), before cuối câu có 1 mệnh đề ,
This is the first time, chỉ sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ không xác định thời gian cụ thể.
Chú ý : HTHT <= since => QKĐ / S ( 3 số it ( she, he , it , tên riêng, dt số ít) => has )


*/ Structures:

Kđ: S + has/ have / + V3/ed...

Pđ: S + hasn’t / haven’t +
Nv: ( WH -) + has/ have/ + S +
Ex: 1. Tom ( play ) ………………….football since he ( be ) ………………young.
2. My father ( just, buy ) …………………………….a new car.
3. I ( never, eat ) ……………………….. this food before.
4. This is the first time I ( read ) …………………….this book.
5. Mary ( be) ..................late three times this week. She ( be) .........on Monday and Wednesday.
6. Since I ( be ) .........................10 years old , I ( learn ) ................................how to play piano.
7. My friends ( just , finish ) ......................................................the work.
9. My mother ( not, be ) ........................................back my home yet.
10. Our teacher ( give ) ..................................................a lot of homework recently.
11. Mr Brown ( live ) .....................................here for many ages
12. It ( not , rain ) ..........................................heavily up to now.
4. Simple past : QKĐ
*/ Trạng từ nhận biết : yesterday, last + time , ago , in the past , once , in + year ( in 2021), kể
chuyện….
*/ Structures :

Kđ: S + V2/ed ...
Pđ: S + didn’t + V0....

Nv: ( Wh-) + did + S + V0 ... ?

5. Past continuous : QKTD
*/ Structures : S + was / were + V-ing....
Chú ý: Trạng từ nhận biết giống thì QKĐ và xác định sự việc đang diễn ra bất cứ thời điểm nào
trong quá khứ.


- While + QKTD , QKTD / QKĐ
- When / As + QKĐ , QKĐ ( kể chuyện )
- When ( QKĐ/ QKTD ) , QKĐ / QKTD ( 2 hànhd động xảy ra trong QK , hành động đang diễn
ra chia QKTD, xen vào QKĐ)
Ex: 1. Peter ( watch ) ……………………….TV last night.
2. Peter ( watch ) ………………………………..TV at 7pm last night.
3. When I ( work ) ............................on the computer, there ( be ) .............a cut power.
4. When I ( come ) .........................................., Mary ( have ) ..............................breakfast
4. While my mother ( cook ) ...............................dinner, we ( listen)...................to music.
5. While Mai ( do ) ............................................her homework , Nam ( arrive).
6. Tom ( often, play)........................................sports when he ( be) ....................young.
7. When my friends ( discuss)............................................the topic, Nam ( come).
5. Simple future : TL
Kd : S + will + V0
pd: S + will not + V0
NV: ( Wh ) + will + S + V0 ?
1. I ( go ) ...................................................to HCM City tomorrow.
2. I ( not , visit ) ..........................................................................my old friend next week.
3. What ....................you ( do ) .............................tonight? I ( watch) ...............................TV
4. Nam ( Be ) ......................................at home tomorrow.
EXERCISES:
1.

6. Past perfect: QKHT
+ S + had + V3/ed ….
Chú ý: QKHT xảy ra trước mốc thời gian trong quá khứ.
+ Before/ By the time + QKĐ , QKHT
+ After + QKHT , QKĐ


- 2 hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, hành động xảy ra trước ta chia QKHT, hành động
xảy ra sau ta chia QKĐ)
Ex: 1. Mary ( study ) ……………………..in Australia for four years before she ( come )
………………….back her hometown.
2. After Tom (have)……………................….an accident, he ( become) …………..crazy.
3. By the time we ( arrive ) ………., everyone ( already, leave ) …..........……….the party.
4. When I ( get ) ……............…..her letter, she (be ) …………………==………….to Paris.
5. They ( live ) ………………………….here before 2000.
6. When my brother ( be ) ………………..young , he ( work )…………………very hard.
7. While we ( have ) …………...................……dinner, the light ( go )………………….out.
8. When they ( drive ) …………………….from their house to the city , the police ( stop ) .......
9. While My mother ( cook )…………….lunch , my father ( read ) …………………….a book.
10. Since he ( be ) …………a student, he ( take ) ………....………English speaking contest.
7. Simple future : Tương lai đơn
*/ Trạng từ nhận biết; tomorrow, next+ time , tonight , in the future , some day, in/ by + year ( in
2030) , S + promise/ hope ….
* S + will / shall + V0
8. Continuous future: Tương lai tiếp diễn ( diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra bất cứ thời điểm
nào của tương lai)

*/ S + will + be + V-ing
9. Perfect future : Tương lai hoàn thành ( diễn tả hành động diễn ra trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn
còn tiếp diễn đến tương lai / diễn tả hành động sẽ hoàn tất cụ thể thời điểm nào trong tương lai)

*/ S + will have + v3/ed
Ex: 1. I ( buy ) …………………….a new house next year.
2. She ( play ) …………………………sports at this time tomorrow.
3. We ( finish ) …………………………….our study in August, 2022.
4. Next year, Mr Brown ( work )………………………………..in this company for twenty year
5. When we ( finish ) ..............................the project, we ( phone ) ...........................you.