Nghiên cứu chế tạo nhựa phenolic từ bã thải vỏ điều ứng dụng làm chất kết dính trong gốm gỗ

--------------------

Chuyên ngành :


-HCM

:T

Tr

ng

i h c Bách Khoa,

HCM ngày 22 tháng 01

Thành ph n H i

4

ng

nh giá lu n v n th c s g m:

HQG Tp.


I H C QU C GIA TP.HCM

C NG HÒA XÃ H I CH

I H C BÁCH KHOA

T NAM

c l p - T do - H nh phúc

KHOA CÔNG NGH V T LI U

: 1670744

:

60520309

G:
.
acid H2SO4

I.
II.

:

III.

(H tên và ch ký)

(H tên và ch ký)

chuy

iii


0

0
0
-IR

iv


Phenolic resin is an artificial resin that is often synthesized from phenol and
formaldehyde. Synthesis of phenolic resin from cashew shell waste material, phenol
and sulfuric acid catalyst with different ingredients at 1500C temperature for 90
minutes. The resulting resin has low residue of unreacted cashew shell residue, the
functional group composition is similar to that of commercial phenolic resin
sample. Research on fabrication of wooden ceramic samples using phenolic resin as
binder from cashew shell waste material with different rates. The mixtures were
formed by hot pressing at 1800C for 3 hours and then sintered at 9000C in an
oxygen-deficient medium. After heating samples, the properties of flexural strength,
porosity, FT-IR, XRD, SEM will be determined compared with ceramic samples
using turpentine as binder. The results obtained will contribute to waste disposal for
the cashew industry and further research on woodceramic materials.
Keywords: Liquefied wood, Phenolic resin, Cashew nut shell waste,
Woodceramics.

v


ghi

Tp. HCM, ngày

vi


........................................................................................................... iii
.......................................................................................... iv
............................................................................................v
..................................................................................................... vi
................................................................................................................ vii
..........................................................................................x
..................................................................................... xii
.....................................................................................................................1
........................................................................................3
....................................................................3
........................................4
............................................................................................4
..............................................................................................7
..........................................................................................7
.......................................................................................................7
...............................................................................................9
1.3.3

phenolic ..................................................................................12
......................................................................................12

1.3.3.2 Ph

.............................................................12
..............................................................................15
....................17
.............................................................................................17

vii


2.1.1 Bã t

.................................................................................17
.......................................................................17
....................................................17
...............................................18

.....................................................................19
2SO4

..............................................................21
......................................................................................23
...........................................................24
.24
.................25
...............................................25
.............................................26
-IR) .........................................26
...................................................26

................................................................27
.........................................................................27
.........................................................................27
-IR ..................................................................28
............................30
2SO4

...............................................................................................................32
.................................................................32
.....................................................................32

viii


-IR ...............................................................33
.......................................................34
2SO4

..................................36

.....................................................................36
-IR ...............................................................37

dính ................................................................................................................40
.........................................................................40
.......................41
....................................................................................41
.......................................................44
................................................................47
-IR.........................................................................................50

........................................................................51
.............................................................53
...................................................................................................53
.................................................................................................53
.............................................................54
.........................................................................................56
..................................................................................................................59
...........................................................................75

ix


-Bissau .........................................................3
Hình 1.2 Hình Cơng

...................................................10
....................................................10

...................................................................................................................................11
Hình 1.5 Qui trình
...................................................................................................................................11
.......................................13
Hình

............................................14
...........................20
2SO4

.............................22

.................................................................................23
...............................................27
-

..................................................................................28
....................................................31
.......32

-

......................33
..35
..................36

-

2SO4

.............37
.....39
0

x

C .........40


0

C

...................................................................................................................................40
0

Hình 3

C ...41
......43

...................................................................................................................................43
.........................46
..........47
.............................48
............................48
0.6 và

WCT0.6 ..............................................49

-

.....................................................50

-IR

.....................................................50

xi

0.6

(x300) .......................................51

0.6

(x300) .......................................51
0.6

(x1000, x3000)....................52

0.6

(x1000, x3000) ...................52


D
1.1:

7 tháng

2020 .................................................5

..........................................................................7
................................19
2SO4

(%

.........................21

...............................................................27

.................................................29
..............................................30
....34
2SO4

...................................................................................................................................38

......................................................................................................................41
42
3

.............................................................44
3

.................................................................45

xii


dài ngày
Nam.

455.

, mang l

[1].

Khí
p.

tài

d H2SO4
trình bày

1


c
công
i

và acid H2SO4
cho quá t

2


1.1

occidentale L.

ngà

này
Caju hay Cajueiro [2]. Ngày nay,

Hình 1.1

-Bissau [2]
u

3 cm [2]
phình to

ng hình

mà

i ta

ch cho

i. Song,

n
t)

. Trái
3


u vàng

-9

[2]

a

[2].
d

1.2

u

C

là

Bình
,

,

,

-

,

,...t

,
COVID

,

[2].

19, t

4

g

,


USD, giá trung bìn

[3].

[3].

[3].
-

[3].
1.1:

7 tháng

2020 [3]
)

7 tháng

Hà Lan

So

2020

cùng

(%)

2019 (%)

giá

giá

(USD)

(USD)

giá

266.510 1.729.287.783

11,15

-3,4

100

100

90.678

592.167.752

13,77

1,08

34,02

34,24

34.608

229.592.942

57,75

34,47

12,99

13,28

29.306

188.047.311

-14,87

-29,74

11

10,87

11.796

78.570.349

21,67

4,22

4,43

4,54

5


Australia

9.072

56.318.389

5,11

-11,85

3,4

3,26

Anh

8.961

53.487.948

-6,7

-20,67

3,36

3,09

Canada

7.272

51.129.956

5,82

-5,51

2,73

2,96

Thái Lan

5.202

33.297.470

-6,52

-17,84

1,95

1,93

Pháp

3.742

27.979.393

28,9

9,08

1,4

1,62

Italia

4.811

25.836.363

0,08

-7,47

1,81

1,49

3.727

25.518.388

89,09

72,21

1,4

1,48

Israel

3.701

25.307.900

-9,04

-21,55

1,39

1,46

Nga

3.236

19.452.944

-27,64

-41,26

1,21

1,12

2.537

17.483.250

-21,36

-28,57

0,95

1,01

2.263

15.816.263

-20,4

-33,28

0,85

0,91

2.362

15.654.628

9,4

7,08

0,89

0,91

2.722

15.223.646

54,48

61,05

1,02

0,88

1.938

14.486.691

44,73

33,38

0,73

0,84

1.650

12.716.087

25,67

20,88

0,62

0,74

1.811

10.864.770

0,17

-14,94

0,68

0,63

1.151

10.364.633

-11,12

-20,24

0,43

0,6

Iraq

1.241

9.446.992

56,3

45,09

0,47

0,55

U.A.E

1.467

7.579.363

24,32

2,22

0,55

0,44

1.047

7.087.613

74,5

58,03

0,39

0,41

Ukraine

858

5.703.893

30,4

16,25

0,32

0,33

Na Uy

569

4.037.524

10,49

3,78

0,21

0,23

Philippines

856

3.775.199

1,54

-28,77

0,32

0,22

Nam Phi

446

2.580.322

0,45

-15,55

0,17

0,15

Tây Ban
Nha

Saudi
Arabia

(TQ)

New
Zealand

(TQ)

6


Singapore

329

2.044.687

-3,24

-17,72

0,12

0,12

Kuwait

96

816.715

-4

-8,59

0,04

0,05

Pakistan

148

681.210

410,34

178,35

0,06

0,04

g.
-

-

.

-19 tái
.
1.3
1.3.1

cellulose (40-50%), lignin (15-30%), hemicellulose (15khác.

[5].
n, kích
.

42 µm và dài

870 4000 µm [6].

Thành phân

-D-Glucose, có

(C6H10O5)n hay
Cellulose [7]

[C6H7O2(OH)3]n trong
trong

7

20nm),


14.000,
o.

liên

cùng
Lignin [8]

trung gian có hàm

nhóm hydroxyl (-OH), nhau.
nhóm methoxyl (-OCH3)
và nhân benzen

Hemicellulose [9]
.

cellulose.

Bã
: cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose.

Anacardic; Cardol; Cardanol; 2có t
-

-

8


cao trên 1200C

thành cardanol theo

n

[10].

g hìn
khống,

n

hình

[10].

2

tr

henolic trong lị chân khơng [12, 13].

Công

9

[11].


Hình 1.2 Hình Cơng

[11]

Hình 1.3 Qui trình o

ngun

10


.

u

Hình 1.4 Qui trình

ngâm

và H2SO4
200oC, sau

.

hình

Hình 1.5 Qui trình
Tron

theo

11


1.3.3

phenolic

1.3.3.1

-

phenolic t
1.3.3.2 Ph
nghiên
u chính

trên
t
n thí

khác nhau

12

2SO4.