Tài liệu Fox''''s Book of Martyrs docx

CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER II.
CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER IV.
CHAPTER V.
CHAPTER VI.
CHAPTER VII.
CHAPTER VIII.
CHAPTER IX.
CHAPTER X.
CHAPTER XI.
CHAPTER XII.
CHAPTER XIII.
CHAPTER XIV.
CHAPTER XV.
CHAPTER XVI.
CHAPTER XVII.
CHAPTER XVIII.
CHAPTER XIX.
CHAPTER XX.
CHAPTER XXI.
CHAPTER XXII.
CHAPTER XXIII.
CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER II.
CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER IV.
CHAPTER V.
CHAPTER VI.
CHAPTER VII.
1

CHAPTER VIII.
CHAPTER IX.
CHAPTER X.
CHAPTER XI.
CHAPTER XII.
CHAPTER XII.
CHAPTER XIV.
CHAPTER XV.
CHAPTER XVI.
CHAPTER XVII.
CHAPTER XVIII.
CHAPTER IX.
CHAPTER XX.
CHAPTER XXI.
CHAPTER XXII.
CHAPTER XXIII.
Fox's Book of Martyrs, by John Foxe
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Fox's Book of Martyrs, by John Foxe This eBook is for the use of anyone
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Title: Fox's Book of Martyrs Or A History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Triumphant Deaths of the Primitive
Protestant Martyrs
Author: John Foxe
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FOX'S BOOK OF MARTYRS
OR

A HISTORY OF THE
LIVES, SUFFERINGS, AND TRIUMPHANT DEATHS
OF THE
PRIMITIVE PROTESTANT MARTYRS
FROM THE
Fox's Book of Martyrs, by John Foxe 2
INTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIANITY
TO THE
LATEST PERIODS OF PAGAN, POPISH, AND INFIDEL
PERSECUTIONS
EMBRACING, TOGETHER WITH THE USUAL SUBJECTS CONTAINED IN SIMILAR WORKS
The recent persecutions in the cantons of Switzerland; and the persecutions of the Methodist and Baptist
Missionaries in the West India Islands; and the narrative of the conversion, capture, long imprisonment, and
cruel sufferings of Asaad Shidiak, a native of Palestine.
LIKEWISE
A SKETCH OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
AS CONNECTED WITH PERSECUTION
COMPILED FROM FOX'S BOOK OF MARTYRS, AND OTHER AUTHENTIC SOURCES
THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO.
CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA TORONTO
PREFACE.
This work is strictly what its title page imports, a COMPILATION. Fox's "Book of Martyrs" has been made
the basis of this volume. Liberty, however, has been taken to abridge wherever it was thought necessary; to
alter the antiquated form of the phraseology; to introduce additional information; and to correct any
inaccuracy respecting matters of fact, which had escaped the author of the original work, or which has been
found erroneous by the investigation of modern research.
The object of this work, is to give a brief history of persecution since the first introduction of christianity, till
the present time. In doing this, we have commenced with the martyrdom of Stephen, and following the course
of events, have brought the History of persecution down to the year 1830. In all ages, we find that a
disposition to persecute for opinion's sake, has been manifested by wicked men, whatever may have been their

opinions or sentiments on religious subjects. The intolerant jew, and the bigoted pagan, have exhibited no
more of a persecuting spirit, than the nominal professor of christianity, and the infidel and the avowed atheist.
Indeed, it seems to be an "inherent vice," in unsanctified nature to endeavour by the pressure of physical
force, to restrain obnoxious sentiments, and to propagate favourite opinions. It is only when the heart has been
renewed and sanctified by divine grace, that men have rightly understood and practised the true principles of
toleration. We do not say that none but real christians have adopted correct views respecting civil and
religious liberty; but we affirm that these views owe their origin entirely to christianity and its genuine
disciples.
Though nearly all sects have persecuted their opponents, during a brief season, when men's passions were
highly excited, and true religion had mournfully declined, yet no denomination except the papal hierarchy, has
adopted as an article of religious belief, and a principle of practical observance, the right to destroy heretics
for opinion's sake. The decrees of councils, and the bulls of popes, issued in conformity with those decrees,
place this matter beyond a doubt. Persecution, therefore, and popery, are inseparably connected; because
Fox's Book of Martyrs, by John Foxe 3
claiming infallibility, what she has once done is right for her to do again; yea, must be done under similar
circumstances, or the claims of infallibility given up. There is no escaping this conclusion. It is right,
therefore, to charge upon popery, all the persecutions and horrid cruelties which have stained the annals of the
papal church during her long and bloody career of darkness and crime. Every sigh which has been heaved in
the dungeons of the Inquisition every groan which has been extorted by the racks and instruments of torture,
which the malice of her bigoted votaries, stimulated by infernal wisdom, ever invented, has witnessed in the
ear of God, against the "Mother of Harlots;" and those kings of the earth, who giving their power to the
"Beast" have aided her in the cruel work of desolation and death. The valleys of Piedmont, the mountains of
Switzerland, the vine crowned hills of Italy and France and all parts of Germany and the low countries, have
by turns, been lighted by the fires of burning victims, or crimsoned with the blood of those who have suffered
death at the hands of the cruel emissaries of popery. England too, has drunken deep of the "wine of the
fierceness of her wrath," as the blood of Cobham, and the ashes of the Smithfield martyrs can testify. Ireland
and Scotland, likewise, have each been made the theatre of her atrocities. But no where has the system been
exhibited in its native unalleviated deformity, as in Spain, Portugal and their South American dependencies.
For centuries, such a system of police was established by the Holy Inquisitors, that these countries resembled
a vast whispering gallery, where the slightest murmur of discontent could be heard and punished. Such has

been the effect of superstition and the terror of the Holy Office, upon the mind, as completely to break the
pride of the Castillian noble, and make him the unresisting victim of every mendicant friar and
"hemp-sandaled monk."
Moreover, the papal system has opposed the march of civilization and liberty throughout the world, by
denouncing the circulation of the Bible, and the general diffusion of knowledge. Turn to every land where
popery predominates, and you will find an ignorant and debased peasantry, a profligate nobility, and a
priesthood, licentious, avaricious, domineering and cruel.
But it may be asked, is popery the same system now as in the days of Cardinal Bonner and the "Bloody
Mary." We answer yes. It is the boast of all catholics that their church never varies, either in spirit or in
practice. For evidence of this, look at the demonstrations of her spirit in the persecutions in the south of
France, for several years after the restoration of the Bourbons, in 1814. All have witnessed with feelings of
detestation, the recent efforts of the apostolicals in Spain and Portugal, to crush the friends of civil and
religious liberty in those ill-fated countries. The narrative of Asaad Shidiak, clearly indicates that the spirit of
popery, has lost none of its ferocity and bloodthirstiness since the Piedmontese war, and the Bartholomew
massacre. Where it has power, its victims are still crushed by the same means which filled the dungeons of the
inquisition, and fed the fires of the auto de fe.
This is the religion, to diffuse which, strenuous efforts are now making in this country. Already the papal
church numbers more than half a million of communicants. This number is rapidly augmenting by emigration
from catholic countries, and by the conversion of protestant children who are placed in their schools for
instruction. The recent events in Europe, will, no doubt, send to our shores hundreds of jesuit priests, with a
portion of that immense revenue which the papal church has hitherto enjoyed. Another thing, which will, no
doubt, favour their views, is the disposition manifested among some who style themselves liberalists, to aid
catholics in the erection of mass houses, colleges, convents and theological seminaries. This has been done in
numerous instances; and when a note of warning is raised by the true friends of civil and religious liberty, they
are treated as bigots by those very men who are contributing of their substance to diffuse and foster the most
intolerant system of bigotry, and cruel, unrelenting despotism, the world has ever seen. Other sects have
persecuted during some periods of their history; but all now deny the right, and reprobate the practice except
catholics. The right to destroy heretics, is a fundamental article in the creed of the papal church. And wherever
her power is not cramped, she still exercises that power to the destruction of all who oppose her unrighteous
usurpation. All the blood shed by all other christian sects, is no more in comparison to that shed by the

papacy, than the short lived flow of a feeble rill, raised by the passing tempest, to the deep overwhelming tide
of a mighty river, which receives as tributaries, the waters of a thousand streams.
Fox's Book of Martyrs, by John Foxe 4
We trust the present work, therefore, will prove a salutary check to the progress of that system whose practical
effects have ever been, and ever must be, licentiousness, cruelty, and blood.
The narratives of Asaad Shidiak, Mrs. Judson, the persecutions in the West Indies, and in Switzerland, have
never before been incorporated in any book of Martyrs. They serve to show the hideous nature of persecution,
and the benefit of christian missions.
At the close of this volume will be found a sketch of the French revolution of 1789, as connected with
persecution. It has long been the practice of infidels to sneer at christianity, because some of its nominal
followers have exhibited a persecuting spirit. And although they knew that christianity condemns persecution
in the most pointed manner, yet they have never had the generosity to discriminate between the system, and
the abuse of the system by wicked men. Infidelity on the other hand, has nothing to redeem it. It imposes no
restraint on the violent and lifelong passions of men. Coming to men with the Circean torch of licentiousness
in her hand, with fair promises of freedom, she first stupefies the conscience, and brutifies the affections; and
then renders her votaries the most abject slaves of guilt and crime. This was exemplified in the French
revolution. For centuries, the bible had been taken away, and the key of knowledge wrested from the people.
For a little moment, France broke the chains which superstition had flung around her. Not content, however,
with this, she attempted to break the yoke of God: she stamped the bible in the dust, and proclaimed the
jubilee of licentiousness, unvisited, either by present or future retribution. Mark the consequence. Anarchy
broke in like a flood, from whose boiling surge blood spouted up in living streams, and on whose troubled
waves floated the headless bodies of the learned, the good, the beautiful and the brave. The most merciless
proscription for opinion's sake, followed. A word, a sigh, or a look supposed inimical to the ruling powers,
was followed with instant death. The calm which succeeded, was only the less dreaded, because it presented
fewer objects of terrific interest, as the shock of the earthquake creates more instant alarm, than the midnight
pestilence, when it walks unseen, unknown amidst the habitations of a populous city.
The infidel persecutions in France and Switzerland, afford a solemn lesson to the people of this country. We
have men among us now, most of them it is true, vagabond foreigners, who are attempting to propagate the
same sentiments which produced such terrible consequences in France. Under various names they are
scattering their pestilent doctrines through the country. As in France, they have commenced their attacks upon

the bible, the Sabbath, marriage, and all the social and domestic relations of life. With flatteries and lies, they
are attempting to sow the seeds of discontent and future rebellion among the people. The ferocity of their
attacks upon those who differ from them, even while restrained by public opinion, shews what they would do,
provided they could pull down our institutions and introduce disorder and wild misrule. We trust, therefore,
that the article on the revolution in France, will be found highly instructive and useful.
CONTENTS.
Fox's Book of Martyrs, by John Foxe 5
CHAPTER I.
HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN MARTYRS TO THE FIRST GENERAL PERSECUTIONS UNDER NERO.
PAGE
Martyrdom of St. Stephen, James the Great, and Philip 16 Matthew, James the Less, Matthias, Andrew, St.
Mark and Peter 17 Paul, Jude, Bartholomew, Thomas, Luke, Simon, John, and Barnabas 18
CHAPTER I. 6
CHAPTER II.
THE TEN PRIMITIVE PERSECUTIONS.
The first persecution under Nero, A. D. 67 19 The second persecution under Domitian, A. D. 81 19 The third
persecution under Trajan, A. D. 108 20 The fourth persecution under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, A. D. 162
22 The fifth persecution commencing with Severus, A. D. 192 25 The sixth persecution under Maximinus, A.
D. 235 27 The seventh persecution under Decius, A. D. 249 27 The eighth persecution under Valerian, A. D.
257 31 The ninth persecution under Aurelian, A. D. 274 34 The tenth persecution under Diocletian, A. D. 303
36
CHAPTER II. 7
CHAPTER III.
PERSECUTIONS OF THE CHRISTIANS IN PERSIA.
Persecutions under the Arian heretics 45 Persecution under Julian the Apostate 46 Persecution of the
Christians by the Goths and Vandals 47 Persecutions from about the middle of the Fifth, to the conclusion of
the Seventh century 48 Persecutions from the early part of the Eighth, to near the conclusion of the Tenth
century 49 Persecutions in the Eleventh century 51
CHAPTER III. 8
CHAPTER IV.

PAPAL PERSECUTIONS.
Persecution of the Waldenses in France 53 Persecutions of the Albigenses 55 The Bartholomew massacre at
Paris, &c. 57 From the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, to the French Revolution, in 1789 62 Martyrdom of
John Calas 65
CHAPTER IV. 9
CHAPTER V.
AN ACCOUNT OF THE INQUISITION.
An account of the cruel handling and burning of Nicholas Burton, an English merchant, in Spain 73 Some
private enormities of the Inquisition laid open by a very singular occurrence 76 The persecution of Dr. Ægidio
88 The persecution of Dr. Constantine 89 The life of William Gardiner. 90 An account of the life and
sufferings of Mr. Wm. Lithgow, a native of Scotland 92 Croly on the Inquisition 101
CHAPTER V. 10
CHAPTER VI.
AN ACCOUNT OF THE PERSECUTIONS IN ITALY, UNDER THE PAPACY.
An account of the persecutions of Calabria 107 Account of the persecutions in the Valleys of Piedmont 110
Account of the persecutions in Venice 117 An account of several remarkable individuals who were martyred
in different parts of Italy, on account of their religion 119 An account of the persecutions in the marquisate of
Saluces 122 Persecutions in Piedmont in the Seventeenth century 122 Further persecutions in Piedmont 126
Narrative of the Piedmontese War 134 Persecution of Michael de Molinos, a native of Spain 144
CHAPTER VI. 11
CHAPTER VII.
AN ACCOUNT OF THE PERSECUTIONS IN BOHEMIA UNDER THE PAPACY.
Persecution of John Huss 150 Persecution of Jerom of Prague 154 Persecution of Zisca 157
CHAPTER VII. 12
CHAPTER VIII.
GENERAL PERSECUTIONS IN GERMANY.
An account of the persecutions in the Netherlands 174
CHAPTER VIII. 13
CHAPTER IX.
AN ACCOUNT OF THE PERSECUTIONS IN LITHUANIA AND POLAND 178

CHAPTER IX. 14
CHAPTER X.
AN ACCOUNT OF THE PERSECUTIONS IN CHINA AND SEVERAL OTHER COUNTRIES.
An account of the persecutions in Japan 181 Persecutions against the Christians in Abyssinia or Ethiopia 182
Persecutions against the Christians in Turkey 182 Persecutions and oppressions in Georgia and Mingrelia 183
An account of the persecutions in the States of Barbary 184 Persecutions in Spanish America 184
CHAPTER X. 15
CHAPTER XI.
AN ACCOUNT OF THE PERSECUTIONS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND PRIOR TO THE
REIGN OF QUEEN MARY I. 186
CHAPTER XI. 16
CHAPTER XII.
AN ACCOUNT OF THE PERSECUTIONS IN SCOTLAND, DURING THE REIGN OF KING HENRY
VIII. 194 An account of the Life, Suffering and Death of George Wishart, &c. 197
CHAPTER XII. 17
CHAPTER XIII.
PERSECUTIONS IN ENGLAND DURING THE REIGN OF QUEEN MARY.
The words and behaviour of Lady Jane upon the scaffold 204 John Rogers, Vicar of St. Sepulchre's, &c. 205
The Rev. Mr. Lawrence Saunders 207 History, imprisonment, and examination of John Hooper 209 Life and
conduct of Dr. Rowland Taylor, of Hadley 212 Martyrdom of Tomkins, Pygot, Knight, and others 214 Dr.
Robert Farrar 216 Martyrdom of Rawlins White 217 The Rev. Mr. George Marsh 218 William Flower 220
The Rev. John Cardmaker, and John Warne 221 Martyrdom of Simpson, Ardeley, Haukes, and others 222
Rev. John Bradford, and John Leaf, an apprentice 223 Martyrdom of Bland, Middleton, Hall, Carver and
many others 225 John Denley, Packingham, and Newman 226 Coker, Hooper, Lawrence and others 227 The
Rev. Robert Samuel 227 G. Catmer, R. Streater and others 228 Bishops Ridley and Latimer 228 Mr. John
Webb and others 233 Martyrdom of Rev. F. Whittle, B. Green, Anna Wright, and others 235 An account of
Archbishop Cranmer 236 Martyrdom of Agnes Potten, Joan Trunchfield and others 245 Hugh Laverick and
John Aprice 246 Preservation of George Crow and his Testament 247 Executions at Stratford le Bow 247 R.
Bernard, A. Foster and others 248 An account of Rev. Julius Palmer 248 Persecution of Joan Waste 249
Persecutions in the Diocese of Canterbury 251 T. Loseby, H. Ramsey, T. Thirtell and others 252 Executions

in Kent 252 Execution of ten martyrs at Lewes 254 Simon Miller and Elizabeth Cooper 255 Executions at
Colchester 255 Mrs. Joyce Lewes 257 Executions at Islington 259 Mrs. Cicely Ormes 261 Rev. John Rough
262 Cuthbert Symson 263 Thomas Hudson, Thomas Carman, William Seamen 264 Apprehensions at
Islington 265 Flagellations by Bonner 271 Rev. Richard Yeoman 272 Thomas Benbridge 274 Alexander
Gouch and Alice Driver 275 Mrs. Prest 276 Richard Sharpe, Thomas Banion and Thomas Hale 280 T.
Corneford, C. Browne, and others 280 William Fetty scourged to death 282 Deliverance of Dr. Sands 285
Queen Mary's treatment of her sister, the Princess Elizabeth 288 God's punishments upon some of the
persecutors of his people in Mary's reign 295
CHAPTER XIII. 18
CHAPTER XIV.
THE SPANISH ARMADA.
The destruction of the Armada 298 A conspiracy by the Papists for the destruction of James I, commonly
known by the name of the Gunpowder Plot 310
CHAPTER XIV. 19
CHAPTER XV.
RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE PROTESTANT RELIGION IN IRELAND WITH AN ACCOUNT OF
THE BARBAROUS MASSACRE OF 1641 315
CHAPTER XV. 20
CHAPTER XVI.
THE RISE, PROGRESS, PERSECUTIONS AND SUFFERINGS OF THE QUAKERS.
An account of the persecutions of Friends in the United States 337 Proceedings at a General Court in Boston,
1656 339 Proceedings at a General Court in Boston, 1657 340 An act made at a General Court at Boston,
1658 341
CHAPTER XVI. 21
CHAPTER XVII.
PERSECUTIONS OF THE FRENCH PROTESTANTS IN THE SOUTH OF FRANCE, DURING THE
YEARS 1814 AND 1820.
The arrival of king Louis XVIII at Paris 346 The history of the Silver Child 346 Napoleon's return from the
Isle of Elba 347 The Catholic arms at Beaucaire 348 Massacre and pillage at Nismes 349 Interference of
government against the Protestants 350 Letters from Louvois to Marillac 351 Royal decree in favour of the

persecuted 352 Petition of the Protestant refugees 354 Monstrous outrage upon females 355 Arrival of the
Austrians at Nismes 356 Outrages committed in the Villages, &c. 357 Further account of the Proceedings of
the Catholics at Nismes 360 Attack upon the Protestant churches 361 Murder of General La Garde 363
Interference of the British government 363 Perjury in the case of General Gilly, &c. 365 Ultimate resolution
of the Protestants at Nismes 367
CHAPTER XVII. 22
CHAPTER XVIII.
ASAAD SHIDIAK.
Narrative of the conversion, imprisonment, and sufferings of Asaad Shidiak, a native of Palestine, who had
been confined for several years in the Convent on Mount Lebanon 368 Public statement of Asaad Shidiak, in
1826 377 Brief history of Asaad Esh Shidiak, from the time of his being betrayed into the hands of the
Maronite Patriarch, in the Spring of 1826 410
CHAPTER XVIII. 23
CHAPTER XIX.
PERSECUTIONS OF THE BAPTIST MISSIONARIES IN INDIA, DURING THE YEAR 1824.
Removal of the prisoners to Oung-pen-la Mrs. Judson follows them 430
CHAPTER XIX. 24
CHAPTER XX.
PERSECUTIONS OF THE WESLEYAN MISSIONARIES IN THE WEST INDIES.
Case of Rev. John Smith 449 Persecutions of the Wesleyan Methodists in St. Domingo 450 Persecutions at
Port au Prince 450
CHAPTER XX. 25