TRANSFORMATIONS (LÝ THUYẾT)

SENTENCES TRANSFORMATIONS
( CONJUNCTION, CONNECTIVE, PHRASE,..)
1. S + V (not) … until …
→ It was not until … that S + V2/ed = Not until … DID + S + V0
2. Ngay khi ... thì
→ No sooner + had + S + V3/ed … than S + V2/ed
→ Hardly / Scarcely + had + S + V3/ed … than S + V2/ed

3.
→ Without / But for + N = If it <not be> for + N
→ S + regret + V-ing = S + wish + S + had not V3/ed
4. Dù, mặc dù, …


→ Though/ although/ even though + S + V


→ In spite of/ despite + noun/ noun phrase/ V-ing + S + V


→ In spite of/ despite the fact that + S + V
5. Vì,

bởi vì


→ Because / Since / As + S + V


→ Because of / Due to + N / V-ing

6. Để mà


→ S + V + so that / in order that + S + will / can / may /… + V0


→ S + V + so as to / in order to + V0


7. Quá … đến nỗi mà


→ S + V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V = So + adj/ adv + trợ từ + S + V (main) +


that + S + V


→ S + V + such + a/ an + adj + N + that + S + V


→ S + V + too + adj/ adv + (for O) + to V


→ S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for O) + to V


→ S + V + enough + N

so + many/ few + N (đđsn)


→ S + V + so + much/ little + N (kđđ)

+S+V


such a lot of + N (đđsn, kđđ)


8.


a)

Ai bắt đầu làm gì từ khi nào


S + started + V-ing + … + in …/ … ago


S + have/ has + V3/ed / been V-ing + for…/ since…


→ began + to V


b) Đã bao lâu kể từ khi…