Tài liệu The History of "Punch" docx

CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER II.
CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER IV.
CHAPTER V.
CHAPTER VI.
CHAPTER VII.
CHAPTER VIII.
CHAPTER IX.
CHAPTER X.
CHAPTER XI.
CHAPTER XII.
CHAPTER XIII.
CHAPTER XIV.
CHAPTER XV.
CHAPTER XVI.
CHAPTER XVII.
CHAPTER XVIII.
CHAPTER XIX.
CHAPTER XX.
CHAPTER XXI.
CHAPTER XXII.
CHAPTER XXIII.
CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER II.
CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER IV.
CHAPTER V.
CHAPTER VI.
CHAPTER VII.
1

CHAPTER VIII.
CHAPTER IX.
CHAPTER X.
CHAPTER XI.
CHAPTER XII.
CHAPTER XIII.
CHAPTER XIV.
CHAPTER XV.
CHAPTER XVI.
CHAPTER XVII.
CHAPTER XVIII.
CHAPTER XIX.
CHAPTER XX.
CHAPTER XXI.
CHAPTER XXII.
CHAPTER XXIII.
The History of "Punch", by M. H. Spielmann
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Title: The History of "Punch"
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The History of "Punch", by M. H. Spielmann 2
THE HISTORY OF "PUNCH"
by
M. H. SPIELMANN
With Numerous Illustrations
Cassell and Company, Limited London, Paris, & Melbourne 1895
All Rights Reserved
[Illustration: "THE MAHOGANY TREE."
(By Linley Sambourne. From "Punch's" Jubilee Number, by special permission of Sir William Agnew, Bart.,
Owner of the original drawing.) (See page 536.)]
TO MY SON
PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN
[Illustration: (Drawn by George du Maurier.)]
PREFACE.
The prevailing idea of the origin and history of Punch has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the
"Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but
fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of Punch." So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is
untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the
documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and
individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous
permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.
During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered
by hundreds. Hardly a man living whom I suspected of having worked for Punch, but I have communicated
with him; scarce one but has afforded all the information within his knowledge in response to my application.
Editor and members of the Punch Staff, past and present "outsiders," equally with those belonging to "the

Table" the relations and friends of such as are dead, all have given their help, and have shown an interest in
the work which I hope the result may be thought to justify. All this mass of material all the evidence,
published and unpublished, that was adduced in order to establish certain points and refute others had to be
carefully sifted and collated, contrary testimony weighed, and the truth determined. Especially was this the
case in dealing with the valuable reminiscences imparted by Punch's earliest collaborators, still or till lately
living. Of undoubted contributors and their work, it may be stated, more than two hundred and fifty are here
dealt with. A further number cheerfully submitted to cross-examination on one or other of the many subjects
touched upon; and probably as many more were approached with only negative results.
My special thanks are due to Mrs. Chaplin, the daughter of the late Mr. Ebenezer Landells, who unreservedly
placed in my hands all the Punch documents, legal and otherwise, accounts, and letters, concerning the origin
and early editorships of Punch, which have been preserved in the family; and to Messrs. Bradbury and
Agnew, who have supplemented these with similar assistance, as well as with books of the Firm establishing
points of literary interest not hitherto suspected, together with the letters of Thackeray which illustrate his
early connection with and final secession from the Staff. Apart from their general interest, these documents,
The History of "Punch", by M. H. Spielmann 3
taken together, establish the facts of such very vexed questions as the origin and the early editorships of
Punch. This is the more satisfactory, perhaps, by reason of the numerous unfounded claims or founded
chiefly on family tradition or filial pride and affection which are still being made on behalf of supposed
originators of the Paper. Even these partisan historians, it is believed, will hardly be able to resist the proofs
here set forth; although attested fact does not, with them, necessarily carry conviction. For such services, and
for their ready and sympathetic acquiescence in the requests I have made for permission to quote text or
reproduce engraving, my hearty thanks to Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew and Co. are due. To them and to all my
numerous correspondents I here repeat the assurance of gratitude for their courtesy which I have privately
expressed before.
I have reproduced no more pictures from Punch than were rendered necessary by the topics under discussion.
I would rather send the reader, for Punch's pictures, to the ever-fresh pages of Punch itself. Nor, I may add,
did I seek information and assistance from its Proprietors until this book was well advanced, preferring to
make independent research and to test statements on my own account.
My primary inducement to the writing of this book has been the interest surrounding Punch, the study of
which has not begotten in me the hero-worship that can see no fault. How far I have succeeded, it rests with

the readers of this volume to decide.
September, 1895. M. H. SPIELMANN.
[Illustration: AN INTRODUCTION.
(From the First Sketch by Charles H. Bennett.)]
CONTENTS.
PAGE
INTRODUCTORY. 1
The History of "Punch", by M. H. Spielmann 4
CHAPTER I.
PUNCH'S BIRTH AND PARENTAGE.
The Mystery of His Birth Previous Unsuccessful Attempts at Solution Proposal for a "London
Charivari" Ebenezer Landells and His Notion Joseph Last Consults with Henry Mayhew Whose
Imagination is Fired Staff Formed Prospectus Punch is Born and Christened The First Number 10
CHAPTER I. 5
CHAPTER II.
PUNCH'S EARLY PROGRESS AND VICISSITUDES.
Reception of Punch Early Struggles Financial Help Invoked The First Almanac Its Enormous
Success Transfer of Punch to Bradbury and Evans Terms of Settlement The New Firm Punch's Special
Efforts Succession of Covers "Valentines," "Holidays," "Records of the Great Exhibition," and "At the Paris
Exhibition" 29
CHAPTER II. 6
CHAPTER III.
THE PUNCH DINNER AND THE PUNCH CLUB.
Origin and Antiquity of the Meal Place of Celebration The "Crown" In Bouverie Street and
Elsewhere The Dining-Hall The Table And Plans Jokes and Amenities Jerrold and his "Bark" A Night
at the Dinner From Mr. Henry Silver's Diary Loyalty and Perseverance of Diners Charles H. Bennett and
the Jeu d'esprit Keene Holds Aloof Business Evolution of the Cartoon Honours Divided Guests Special
Dinners, "Jubilee," "Thackeray," "Burnand," and "Tenniel" Dinners to Punch The Punch Club Exit Albert
Smith High Spirits "The Whistling Oyster" Baylis as a Prophet "Two Pins Club" 53
CHAPTER III. 7

CHAPTER IV.
PUNCH AS A POLITICIAN.
Punch's Attitude His Whiggery And Sincerity Catholics and Jews Home Rule European Politics Prince
Napoleon Punch's Mistakes His Campaign against Sir James Graham His Relations with Foreign
Powers And Comprehensive Survey of Affairs 99
CHAPTER IV. 8
CHAPTER V.
"CHARIVARIETIES."
Punch's Influence on Dress and Fashion His Records As a Prophet As an Artist As an Actor and
Dramatist Benefit Performances Guild of Literature and Art 122
CHAPTER V. 9
CHAPTER VI.
PUNCH'S JOKES THEIR ORIGIN, PEDIGREE, AND APPROPRIATION.
"The Unknown Man" Jokes from Scotland "Bang went Saxpence" "Advice to Persons about to
Marry" Claimants and True Authorship Origin of some of Punch's Jokes and Pictures Contributors of
Witty Things A Grim Coincidence "I Used Your Soap Two Years Ago" Charles Keene Offended The
Serjeant-at-Arms and Mr. Furniss's Beetle Mr. Birket Foster and Mr. Andrew Tuer Plagiarism and
Repetition The Seamy Side of Joke-editing Punch Invokes the Law Rape of Mrs. Caudle Sturm und
Drang Plagiarism or Coincidence? Anticipations of the "Puppet-Show" and "The Arrow" Of Joe
Miller And Others Punch-baiting Impossibility of Joke-identification Repetitions and Improvements 138
CHAPTER VI. 10
CHAPTER VII.
CARTOONS CARTOONISTS AND THEIR WORK.
The Cartoon takes Shape "The Parish Councils Cockatoo" Cartoonists and their Relative
Achievements John Leech's First Rapidity in Design "General Février turned Traitor" "The United
Service" Sir John Tenniel's Animal Types "The British Lion Smells a Rat" The Indian Mutiny A Cartoon
of Vengeance Punch and Cousin Jonathan "Ave Cæsar!" The Franco-Prussian War The Russo-Turkish
War "The Political 'Mrs. Gummidge'" "Dropping the Pilot," its Origin and Present Ownership "Forlorn
Hope" "The Old Crusaders" Troubles of the Cartoonist The Obituary Cartoon 168
CHAPTER VII. 11

CHAPTER VIII.
CARTOONS AND THEIR EFFECT.
Origin and Growth of the Cartoon And of its Name Its Reflection of Popular Opinion Source of Punch's
Power Punch's Downrightness offends France Germany And Russia Lord Augustus Loftus's Fix Lord
John Russell and "No Popery" Mr. Gladstone and Professor Ruskin on Punch's Cartoons Their Effect on
Mr. Disraeli His Advances and Magnanimity Rough Handling of Lord Brougham Sir Robert Peel Lord
Palmerston's Straw Mr. Bright's Eye-glass Difficulties of Portraiture John Bull alias Mark Lemon Sir
John Tenniel's Types 185
CHAPTER VIII. 12
CHAPTER IX.
PUNCH ON THE WAR-PATH: ATTACK.
Punch lays about Him Assaults the "Morning Post" The Factitious "Jenkins" Thackeray's Farewell Mrs.
Gamp (the "Morning Herald") and Mrs. Harris (the "Standard") Lèse Majesté! The "Standard" Fulminates a
Leader The Retort His Loyalty Banters the Prince Consort Tribute on the Prince's Death Punch's Butts:
Lord William Lennox Jullien Sir Peter Laurie Harrison Ainsworth Lytton Turner A Fallacy of
Hope Burne-Jones Charles Kean S. C. Hall as "Pecksniff" James Silk Buckingham and the "British and
Foreign Destitute" Alfred Bunn Punch's Waterloo: "A Word with Punch" Bunn, Hot and Cross A Second
"Word" Prepared, but never Uttered Other Points of Attack 209
CHAPTER IX. 13
CHAPTER X.
PUNCH ON THE WAR-PATH: COUNTER-ATTACK.
Satire and Libel Mrs. Ramsbotham Assaulted Attacks of "The Man in the Moon" and "The
Puppet-Show" H. S. Leigh's Banter Malicious Wit Mr. Pincott Punch's Purity gives Offence His Slips of
Fact Quotation And Dialect are Resented His Drunkards not Appreciated by the U. K. A "Punch is not as
good as it was!" 234
CHAPTER X. 14
CHAPTER XI.
ENGRAVING AND PRINTING.
Mr. Joseph Swain supersedes Ebenezer Landells His Education as Engraver Head of His
Department Engraving the Big Cut: Then and Now Printing from the Wood-blocks Leech's

Fastidiousness Impracticability of Keene Thackeray's Little Confidence A Record of Half a Century 247
CHAPTER XI. 15
CHAPTER XII.
PUNCH'S WRITERS: 1841.
Mark Lemon As Others Saw Him His Duties His Industry His Staff and their Apportioned Work Lemon
as an Editor And Diplomatist A Testimonial And a Practical Joke Henry Mayhew His Great Powers and
Little Weaknesses Disappointment and Retirement Stirling Coyne Gilbert Abbott à Beckett His Early
Career Tremendous Industry À Beckett and Robert Seymour Appointed Magistrate Locked in Agnus B.
Reach 254
CHAPTER XII. 16
CHAPTER XIII.
PUNCH'S WRITERS: 1841.
H. P. Grattan W. H. Wills R. B. Postans Bread-Tax and Tooth-Tax G. Hodder G. H. B.
Rodwell Douglas Jerrold His Caustic Wit The "Q Papers" A Statesman pour rire His Sympathy with the
Poor and Oppressed Wins for Punch his Political Influence Ill-health "Punch's Letters" The "Jenkins" and
"Pecksniff" Papers "Mrs. Caudle" Jerrold's Love of Children, common to the Staff He Silences his
Fellow-wits And is Routed by a Barmaid He sends his Love to the Staff And they prove theirs 282
CHAPTER XIII. 17
CHAPTER XIV.
PUNCH'S WRITERS: 1841-2.
Percival Leigh His Medical Shrewdness Unsuspected Wealth His Ability and Work His Decay Kindness
of the Proprietors to the Old Pensioner Albert Smith Inspires varied Sentiments Jerrold's Hostility "Lord
Smith" Parts Company H. A. Kennedy Dr. Maginn John Oxenford W. M. Thackeray His First
Contribution "Miss Tickletoby" Fails to Please He Withdraws And Resumes Rivalry with Jerrold As an
Illustrator A Mysterious Picture Thackeray's Contributions And Pseudonyms Quaint Orthography "The
Snobs of England" He Tires of Punch His Motives for Resignation The Letter Death of "Dear Old
Thack" Punch's Tribute to his Memory 299
CHAPTER XIV. 18
CHAPTER XV.
PUNCH'S WRITERS: 1843-51.

Horace Mayhew "The Wicked Old Marquis" A Birthday Ode R. B. Peake Thomas Hood "The Song of
the Shirt" Its Origin Its Effect in the Country Its Authorship Claimed by Others Translated throughout
Europe A Missing Verse Hood Compared with Jerrold "Reflections on New Year's Day" Dr. E. V.
Kenealy J. W. Ferguson Charles Lever Laman Blanchard Tom Taylor Passed over by Shirley
Brooks Taylor's Critics Mr. Coventry Patmore "Jacob Omnium" Tennyson v. Bulwer Lytton Horace
Smith "Rob Roy" Macgregor Mr. Henry Silver Introduces Charles Keene His Literary Work Service to
Leech Retirement Mr. Sutherland Edwards Charles Dickens and Punch Sothern Earns his
Dinner Reconciliation of Dickens and Mark Lemon J. L. Hannay Cuthbert Bede 327
CHAPTER XV. 19
CHAPTER XVI.
PUNCH'S WRITERS: 1852-78.
Shirley Brooks His Wit and Humour Training Lays Siege to Punch And Carries him by Assault "Essence
of Parliament" William Brough Mr. Beatty Kingston F. I. Scudamore M. J. Barry Dean Hole Mr.
Charles L. Eastlake Mr. Francis Cowley Burnand His Little Joke with Cardinal
Manning "Fun" "Mokeanna" Its Success Thackeray's Congratulations to Punch "Happy Thoughts" And
Other Happy Thoughts Mr. Burnand as a Ground-Swell Promoted to the Editorship The Apotheosis of the
Pun Mr. J. Priestman Atkinson Mr. John Hollingshead Mr. R. F. Sketchley "Artemus Ward" A
Death-bed Ambition H. Savile Clarke Locker-Lampson and C. S. Calverley Miss Betham-Edwards Mr.
du Maurier's "Vers Nonsensiques" Mr. A. P. Graves Rev. Stainton Moses Mr. Arthur W. à Beckett "A.
Briefless, Junior" Mortimer Collins Mr. E. J. Milliken "The 'Arry Papers" Gilbert à Beckett "How we
Advertise Now" Mr. H. F. Lester Mr. Burnand and the Corporal 356
CHAPTER XVI. 20
CHAPTER XVII.
PUNCH'S WRITERS: 1880-94.
"Robert" Mr. Deputy Bedford Mr. Ashby-Sterry Reginald Shirley Brooks Mr. George Augustus Sala Mr.
Clement Scott The "Times" Approves Mr. H. W. Lucy "Toby, M.P." Martin Tupper and Edmund
Yates Mr. George Grossmith Mr. Weedon Grossmith Mr. Andrew Lang's "Confessions of a Duffer" Miss
May Kendall Miss Burnand Lady Humorists Mr. Brandon Thomas and Mr. Gladstone Mr. Warham St.
Leger Mr. Anstey "Modern Music-hall Songs" "Voces Populi" Mr. R. C. Lehmann Mr. Barry Pain Mr.
H. P. Stephens Mr. Charles Geake Mr. Gerald Campbell R. F. Murray Mr. George Davis Mr. Arthur A.

Sykes Rev. A. C. Deane Mr. Owen Seaman Lady Campbell Mr. James Payn Mr. H. D. Traill Mr. A.
Armitage Mr. Hosack "Arthur Sketchley" Henry J. Byron Punch's Literature Considered 385
CHAPTER XVII. 21
CHAPTER XVIII.
PUNCH'S ARTISTS: 1841.
Punch's Primitive Art A. S. Henning Brine A Strange Doctrine John Phillips W. Newman Pictorial
Puns H. G. Hine John Leech His Early Life Friendship with Albert Smith Leech Helps Punch up the
Social Ladder His Political Work Leech Follows the "Movements" "Servantgalism" "The Brook Green
Volunteer" The Great Beard Movement Sothern's Indebtedness to Leech for Lord Dundreary Crazes and
Fancies Leech's Types "Mr. Briggs" Leech the Hunter Leech as a Reformer Leech as an Artist His
"Legend" Writing His Prejudices His Death And Funeral 409
CHAPTER XVIII. 22
CHAPTER XIX.
PUNCH'S ARTISTS: 1841-50.
William Harvey Mr. Birket Foster Kenny Meadows His Joviality Alfred "Crowquill" Sir John
Gilbert Exit "Rubens" Hablôt Knight Browne ("Phiz") Henry Heath Mr. R. J. Hamerton W.
Brown Richard Doyle Desires Pseudonymity His Protest against Punch's "Papal Aggression"
Campaign Withdraws His Art Epitaph by Punch Henry Doyle T. Onwhyn "Rob Roy"
Macgregor William McConnell Sir John Tenniel His Career And Technique His Early
Work Cartoons His Art His Memory and its Lapses "Jack[=i]d[=e]s" Knighthood 444
CHAPTER XIX. 23
CHAPTER XX.
PUNCH'S ARTISTS: 1850-60.
Captain Howard Receipt for Landscape Drawing Earnings, Real and Ideal George H. Thomas Charles
Keene His Training Introduction to Punch Called to the Table Uselessness in Council A Strong
Politician Inherits Leech's Position Keene as an Artist Where He Failed His Joke-Primers Torturing the
Bagpipes Good Stories, Used, Spoiled, and Rejected "Toby" as a Dachshund Death of "Frau" Keene's
Technique His Inventions and Creations And what He Earned by Them Charles Martin Harry Hall Rev.
Edward Bradley ("Cuthbert Bede") "Verdant Green" or "Blanco White"? Double Acrostics George
Cruikshank Defies Punch Mr. T. Harrington Wilson Mr. Harrison Weir Mr. Ashby-Sterry Alfred

Thompson Frank Bellew Julian Portch "Cham" G. H. Haydon J. M. Lawless 475
CHAPTER XX. 24
CHAPTER XXI.
PUNCH'S ARTISTS: 1860-67.
Mr. G. du Maurier's First Drawing The "Romantic Tenor" Polite Satire His Types and Creations His
Pretty Women And Fair American "Chang," "Don," and "Punch" Mr. du Maurier as a Punch Writer Mr.
Gordon Thompson Mr. Stacy Marks, R.A Paul Gray Sir John Millais, Bart., R.A Mr. Fred Barnard First
Joke Refused as "Painful" Mr. R. T. Pritchett Initiation by Sir John Tenniel Fritz Eltze His Amiable
Jocularity Mr. A. R. Fairfield Colonel Seccombe Fred Walker, A.R.A Mr. J. Priestman Atkinson ("Dumb
Crambo") C. H. Bennett Mr. W. S. Gilbert ("Bab") His Classic Joke G. B. Goddard Miss Georgina
Bowers Mr. Walter Crane 503
CHAPTER XXI. 25