Tiểu luận Tiếng anh chuyên ngành

ELECTRIC POWER UNIVERSITY
CONTROL AND AUTOMATIC DEPARTMENT

TECHNICAL ENGLISH THEMATIC
REPORT
DEPARTMENT: CONTROL AND AUTOMATICAL TECHNOLOGY
MAJOR: AUTOMATION CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
SEMETER: TECHNICAL ENGLISH

Instructor:
Student:
Class:

HÀ NỘI, 03/2021


TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD...............................................................................................................3
CONTENT...................................................................................................................4
1. Engine structure..............................................................................................4
1.1 General structure of washing machine......................................................4
1.2 Structure of top loading washing machine....................................................8
1.3 Structure of front-loading / front-loading washing machine....................9
2. Working principle of washing machine........................................................10
3. Advantages and disadvantages of washing machines.................................11
3.1

Top loading washing machine (top load washing machine).................11

3.2 Front loading washing machine (front loading washing machine)........12

4. Application of washing machine...................................................................13
5. The meaning of washing machine in life......................................................14
LIST OF DRAWING PICTURES............................................................................15
CONCLUDE..............................................................................................................16
DOCUMENTATION.................................................................................................17

2


FOREWORD
In the era of industrialization and modernization of the country and especially
when Vietnam has become an official member of the World Trade Organization
(WTO), the purchase, sale and exchange of goods has received more and more
attention. . Consumers have more and more choices, more opportunities to find the
most suitable product at an affordable price. Among you, perhaps no one is unaware
of washing machine products. And we also know that when a brand has captured the
minds of consumers, its destination is to capture their hearts. This is true for washing
machines - a necessary appliance in the Vietnamese market. This is one of the first
important reasons that attracted us to research and research this product.
In today's modern society, for every family, washing powder is one of the
essential consumer products. As living conditions develop, people's demand for
finished products also increases. In our opinion, the washing machine has partially
met the expectations of customers about product quality. A product that wants to
stand firmly in the market, wants to create trust in quality among consumers is not
easy. But the washing machine did it. And now, this product has been, is and will
further assert its brand in the Vietnamese and foreign markets.
Above are a few main reasons why we choose a washing machine as a product
to learn and research.
This is the first time doing this topic, so we cannot avoid some shortcomings.
We hope that you and your teachers can give your suggestions to improve this

research topic. And we would also like to thank the teachers of the Department of
Control and Automation, especially Mr. Mai Hoang Cong Minh, who helped us to
complete this essay.
We sincerely thank you!

3


CONTENT
1. Engine structure
1.1 General structure of washing machine
Structure of top-loading and horizontal-loading washing machines.
Washing machine can be divided into 5 main parts including:
- Water supply unit to the machine
- Laundry department
- Sewage discharging unit
- Control unit
- Machine case.
The details of each of these parts are as follows:
1.1.1 Water supply unit to the machine
Includes parts:
- This is the first part to be analyzed because the sequence analysis will help
readers more easily understand the structure of the machine. This part includes
small equipment such as: water inlet pipe, washing machine water supply valve,
detergent tray, fabric softener, water pipe to the washing machine drum.
- In these parts, only the washing machine water supply valve is automatically
controlled, this valve has the function of opening and closing the water inlet,
dividing the water line and mixing the water line according to the ratio of hot
and cold (this function only works). available in some washing machines).
Detailed function of each part:

- Washing machine water supply valve: This part controls the amount of water
entering the washing machine at different stages such as supplying water to
dissolve detergent or supplying water to the washing tub in batches. This is an
automatically controlled solenoid valve, the valve works thanks to a solenoid
core that changes the opening and closing position when current is supplied to
the solenoid coil.
- Washing machine cage: This part consists of two main components, the outer
cage and the inner cage, the outer cage is usually made of hard plastic that
works to store washing water during the washing process, and the inner cage is
made of stainless steel that holds the pants. shirt while washing. The outer cage
is the shell that wraps the components in the washing tub and is linked to the
washing machine frame through spring bars to reduce vibrations during
operation, the inner cage is linked to the rotating shaft to rotate during the
process. wash.
1.1.2 Washing unit
Figure 1: General structure of washing machine

4


Includes parts:
This is the central part of the washing machine that performs the main operations
during the washing process. This part includes equipment such as: washing machine
drum, washing machine motor, washing machine cover, belt and some extra parts.
These parts are directly related to the operation of the drum during the washing
process.
Detailed function of each part:
- Washing machine cage: This part consists of two main components, the outer cage
and the inner cage, the outer cage is usually made of hard plastic that works to store
washing water during the washing process, and the inner cage is made of stainless

steel that holds the pants. shirt while washing. The outer cage is the shell that wraps
the components in the washing tub and is linked to the washing machine frame
through spring bars to reduce vibrations during operation, the inner cage is linked to
the rotating shaft to rotate during the process. wash.
- Washing machine motor: This is an electric motor used to create a circular motion
for the drum while washing and drying clothes. The washing machine motor is
mounted directly on the body of the outer drum to ensure the best transmission of
rotational motion.
- Washing machine lid: With a vertical washing machine, the lid of the washing
machine only has the effect of protecting and isolating the user while the machine is
in operation, while with a front-loading washing machine, the lid of the washing
machine has a sealing effect to prevent Water overflows during washing, so when the
machine is working, the door cannot be opened.
5


- Belt: This is a type of belt commonly used to transmit rotation from the motor
shaft to the drum of the washing tub.
1.1.3 Sewage discharger
Includes parts:
- This part includes: drain pump filter mesh, washing machine drain pump and
drain hose.
- After the washing process, the waste water needs to be drained out before new
water is supplied to the washing machine, the water discharge unit has the effect
of pumping all the washing water out in a short time.
Detailed function of each part:
- Drain pump filter: This part is placed in front of the drain pump to filter out all
kinds of large garbage in the rinse water after washing clothes, in order to
prevent the washing machine drain pump from getting stuck or clogged.
- Washing machine drain pump: After finishing a wash, dirty water in the

washing machine needs to be discharged, the drain pump is the part that pumps
the waste water out before clean water is put into the drum for the next process.
according to.
1.1.4 Control unit

Figure 2: Control part of washing machine

6


Includes parts:
This is the part that controls the entire operation of the washing machine according to
the program programmed in the control chip, on the washing machine control panel
there are mode adjustment knobs, common switches and a screen, display.
Detailed function of each part:
- Motor controller: This is the part of the electronic circuit board that controls the
washing machine motor
- Washing machine control panel: This is an electronic circuit board that controls the
entire operation of the washing machine through the control programs loaded in the
control chip.
1.1.5 Case
Includes parts:
This is the frame that covers the outside of the washing machine, which is usually
made of stainless steel, providing durability and elegance in the design of the
washing machine.
Detailed function of each part:
The washing machine cover part protects all the equipment inside the washing
machine.
There are two main types of washing machines on the market today, which are
commonly used. There are top load washing machines and front loading washing

machines. What are the similarities and differences between these two washing
machines? Let's learn to know more about the structure of these two types of washing
machines right here!
1.2 Structure of top loading washing machine
Figure 3: Structure of a top-loading washing machine

7


The structure of a top-loading washing machine includes the following parts:
- Washing machine cover
- Washing machine cover
- Washing machine power plug
- Washing machine control panel
- Mouse shield
- Base
- Washing machine water supply valve
- Washing machine drain valve
- Washing bin
- Powder/washing liquid, fabric softener compartment
- Lint filter
- Washing machine tray
- The motor of the washing machine
- Set of washing machine numbers and belts
- Washing machine board
- Indent for the washing tub
- Pressure cannon, water level indicator float of washing machine
8

- Washing machine door switch
Above are the parts that make up a top-loading washing machine. Depending on the
manufacturer, the above parts may have different shapes.
1.3 Structure of front-loading / front-loading washing machine

Figure 4: Structure of the front loading washing machine

- Front load washing machine also includes a full range of top load washing
machine parts. Only difference, if the top-loading washing machine has a top-loading
design. Then the front-loading washing machine, the washing machine door is
horizontal.
- Front loading washing machines use a curved drain valve. Instead of using a
drain pump like a top-loading washing machine.
- Top load washing machine uses up to 4 hangers. And the front-loading
washing machine uses 2 hangers and 2 indents below. Most of today's front-loading
washing machines use direct drive. Make sure the washing machine operates
smoothly, without making loud noises. Stable performance over time.

9


2. Working principle of washing machine

Figure 5: Working principle of washing machine

Based on the washing machine principle diagram, we will clearly see how the
washing machine works:
- First put dirty clothes into the machine, pour the right amount of
detergent/detergent for the volume of clothes into the detergent/detergent
container. Then close the lid of the washing machine. At this time, the washing

machine will reverse 2 directions to weigh the amount of clothes in the cage. To
balance the amount of water to suit the machine.
- Next, when the washing machine has finished weighing, the circuit provides
power to the water supply valve. Water will flow through the valve into the
drum.
- When the amount of water supplied to the drum is enough with the initial selfbalancing tap water level. The pressure float tells the board, the board will stop
supplying power to the valve.
- Then, will start supplying power to the rotating motor, the washing machine
starts the washing cycle.
- After washing is completed, the washing machine motor does not spin
anymore. Up to the pre-programmed time on the board, the washing machine
will enter the rinse mode.
- At this time, the board will supply power to the drain valve, the drain valve
pulls out for the water to drain out. When the water is completely drained, the
10


water level indicator will notify the board. Let the board continue to power the
washing machine motor to spin the next 1 direction.
- After performing the first spinning process, the machine returns to the water supply
mode and the washing machine washes again. After washing, the washing machine
squeezes the water again. Thus, the end of a washing cycle. You can already open the
lid of the washing machine, take out the clothes to dry.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of washing machines
3.1 Top loading washing machine (top load washing machine)
Advantages:
Currently, consumers still prefer to use top-loading washing machines. The
following are the potentially satisfying advantages of top-loading washing machines:
- Low-cost washing machines: Top-loading washing machine models are relatively
affordable compared to front-loading washing machines. Currently, with only about 4

million VND, you can own a top-loading washing machine to help you solve laundry
problems.
- Simple design, easy to replace components: The simple design of the washing
machine will suit any interior space. In addition, washing machines are easy to repair
when broken and replacement parts for the machine are also sold at relatively low
prices.
- Suitable for small spaces: Compact design, there are many mini-style products
suitable for houses with limited space in the city. Combined with that, the design of
the door that opens up is even more space-saving. If your family has limited space, a
top-loading washing machine is a worthy choice.
- Easily add and remove clothes: If unfortunately while the washing machine is
operating, you remember to forget your wallet in your pocket or put clothes missing
in the washing batch, need to take out the clothes to check, ... then with the machine
washing the top load, you will easily add and remove clothes without fear of
affecting the washing cycle.
Disadvantages:
- Drying clothes takes a lot of time: Usually, top-loading washing machines only
have a spin rate of less than 1000 rpm, so drying clothes often takes a lot of time.
- Causes loud noise and strong vibration: When using the drying feature, the toploading washing machine often vibrates strongly, causing a loud noise. Therefore,
users should pay attention to place the device in places with flat surfaces.
- Consume a lot of water: Top loading washing machines always require the amount
of washing water to cover the clothes before the machine can operate. Therefore,
washing machines use up to 3 times more water than front-loading washing
machines.
- Affects the durability of clothes: With the rotating mechanism of the top-loading
machine, the clothes are easily twisted together, thereby indirectly damaging,
11


creasing, making clothes quickly old. Clothes while using a top load washing

machine are very easy to tangle, making them frayed and no longer beautiful.
3.2 Front loading washing machine (front loading washing machine)
Advantages:
Although the price is slightly higher than that of top-loading washing machines,
front-loading washing machines are still chosen by many families for many reasons
as follows:
- Beautiful appearance, long life
High-quality, durable materials combined with luxurious and eye-catching designs
are a prominent plus point for this washing machine line. If you are looking for a
washing machine that is durable and beautiful, then the front-loading washing
machines can be the perfect choice.
- Smooth operation
Most front-loading washing machine models are equipped with modern Inverter
technology, do not use belts, so it reduces friction while the machine is in operation,
so the machine can operate very smoothly, limiting the noise. effective noise.
- Save water
Thanks to the horizontal cage design, only a third of that amount of water is needed
to work.
- Diverse washing programs
Along with the usual washing programs, most top-loading washing machines are
integrated with many special washing modes, giving you many choices to suit the
fabric of your clothes.
- Spinning speed
Spinning speed can be up to 1,400 rpm, helping to spin dry clothes quickly, saving
time. At the same time, the front door design with horizontal centrifugal rotation
shaft structure also provides the ability to mix clothes evenly, prevent twisting, and
prevent clothing wear and tear.
Disadvantages:
- High price
If 4 million you can own a front-loading washing machine, it takes more than

7 million to buy a front-loading washing machine.
- Need space
Front-loading washing machines usually have a relatively large design, so they
take up a lot of space. Not only that, the door opening angle is wide (can be up
to 150 degrees) so it can take up space in your house.
- Can't add clothes in the wash
Because of the design of the horizontal cage, the lid of the machine must be
completely closed while in the wash, otherwise the washing water as well as the
clothes will flow out.
12


4.

Application of washing machine
As society is developing, modern devices for life in general have been
promoted and used more commonly than before. One of those products is the
industrial washing machine. This product has long been favored and appreciated by
many users because of its outstanding features and advantages that it brings to users.
Nowadays, this washing machine product is more widely used and becomes an
indispensable part of each of our lives.
In daily life: Washing machine - an effective assistant of every family
The amount of clothes used every day is more, the clothes that need to be washed are
not only clothes but also blankets, sheets, pillows, curtains, tablecloths, stuffed
animals, backpacks, bags... ask for different modes of care, while life is increasingly
busy, time for self and family is not enough.
So the housewife of the family will need a washing machine with deep cleaning
performance but still safe for fabrics.
The washing machine needs to have many different modes to suit the different
washing needs of the family such as normal washing, cotton washing, synthetic fiber

washing, baby washing, steam washing (for sterilizing), washing Fast (limited time
response)… In addition, in order for family members to have more time for each
other and for themselves, they need a washing machine large enough to handle the
load of their laundry. family several times a week, instead of a small washing
machine that has to work at full capacity every day. For families with babies or the
elderly, the washing machine also needs a sterilization function to ensure that clothes,
blankets, milk towels ... are protected from bacteria, bacteria and harmful agents
from the environment. which is noticeably worse.
Modern industrial washing machines are commonly used
If before, you had to suffer because you struggled with too many clothes and took a
lot of time to do laundry, now things have become much easier with the advent of
industrial washing machines. Up to now, this product is no longer strange to many
people, because it has been and is being used by many families and units for the
purpose of washing family clothes.
This product industrial washing machine has a number of different features compared
to conventional washing machines in terms of design structure as well as other
washing features. The size of this product is larger because it needs to be used with a
larger number of clothes. The washing volume is larger than that of a conventional
washing machine, so this product is often used in clothing service providers.
Customers when washing clothes with this product can be assured because the
product is made of high-quality materials on modern lines, so it is very durable.
Smart design and diverse features help ensure the best quality washing process,
your clothes will not be damaged when used. Washing time is also much faster,
saving time and effort for all users.
13


5. The meaning of washing machine in life
Liberating labor
Labor emancipation is the first thing people talk about when talking about washing

machines. The hands of housewives in the family are no longer to wash dirty
clothes. Also no longer needing days to spend all the time washing, drying and
ironing clothes, today's housewives can save a lot of time to do the things they love
as well as take care of themselves. Instead of many hours spent washing clothes,
dirty clothes have been "processed" by the washing machine with movements
created from the modern, specialized washing drum and platter. Washing machines
have helped people to free their hands from dirty clothes.
Enhance cleaning efficiency
It is very difficult for you to rub clothes by hand to clean ink stains, coffee stains,
grease stains... But the movements created from the washing machine's high-speed
spin cycle, washing and rinsing are completely possible. can do that. Instead of a
wooden table to rub or a brush to scrub clothes, the washing machine can clean
stains better thanks to hot water washing modes, soap foaming technology, etc.
What is cleaner washing? washing machine brought to the user. Perhaps for this
reason, since its inception, washing machines have always been popular and widely
used by users to completely replace hand washing in the family.
Improve quality of life
Washing machine has raised our life to a higher level. In the past, the feature of
vertical drum washing machines was just cleaning. Up to the improved horizontal
drum washing machine, the washing machine was able to significantly reduce
wrinkles and tangles of clothes. Next, when the Japanese successfully produced a
tilting drum washing machine, the washing machine was also capable of drying
right after the end of the washing cycle. Clothes are completely dried and you can
put them in the closet or wear them right away without drying in the sun. Washing
machines are also increasingly using less water, consuming less electricity and with
more features: fragrant laundry, fast washing, etc., depending on the needs of any
fastidious user.

LIST OF DRAWING PICTURES
Figure 1: General structure of washing machine.....................................................5

14


Figure 2: Control part of washing machine.............................................................6
Figure 3: Structure of a top-loading washing machine............................................8
Figure 4: Structure of the front loading washing machine.......................................9
Figure 5: Working principle of washing machine....................................................10

CONCLUDE
Today, washing machines are becoming more and more widely used and
abundant in the daily lives of each of our families, it helps a lot in life, as well as
15


helps us save more time for the washing of clothes, sheets, blankets, pillows, etc.
Besides that, there are some other items such as stuffed animals, carpets, etc.
Therefore, the demand for this equipment is increasing day by day, requiring
the Business firms must produce the best machines to support consumers.
For today's increasingly industrialized life, the washing machine also plays an
important part in our lives, because it is also an essential component in the family.
If the whole family goes to work, they will not have time to take care of the house,
so it is necessary to have smart products to support the family in the most optimal
way.
Your psychology will be more comfortable when the housework is supported
to the maximum, giving you more time to take care of yourself, children, work, ...
moreover, it also helps you to be lighter in manual labor. in house cleaning
matters. Therefore, almost every house today uses this device, except in remote
areas where there is no stable source of electricity and water to use.

DOCUMENTATION

[1] Tran Khanh Ha Civil washing machine Hanoi Science Publishing House 2005
16


[2] Vu Quang Hoi Industrial electrical and electronic equipment Education
Publishing House

17