Các chuỗi phản ứng
BÀI TẬP VỀ ANKAN
o
t
Na O C CH 2 C O Na 2 NaOH ��
� CH 4 2 Na2CO3
1.
P
P
O
O
o
CaO ,t
CH
COOH
2
NaOH
����
� CH 4 Na2CO3 H 2O
3
2.
Al4C3 12 H 2O ��
� 3CH 4 4 Al OH 3
3.
Al4C3 12 HCl ��
� 3CH 4 4 AlCl3
Al4C3 6 H 2 SO4 ��
� 3CH 4 2 Al2 SO4 3
o
4.
Cracking ,t
C3 H 8 ����
� CH 4 C2 H 6
o
5.
6.
300 C
C 2 H 2 ���
� CH 4
vikhuan
CO2 4 H 2 ���
� CH 4 2 H 2O
o
7.
Ni ,250 C
CO 3H 2 ����
� CH 4 H 2O
o
8.
CaO ,t
CH 3COONa NaOH ���
� CH 4 Na2CO3
o
9.
1500 C
2CH 4 �����
� C2 H 2 3 H 2
làm lanh nhanh
10.
HgSO4
3
C2 H 2 H 2O ���
�
CH
CHO
o
80 C
11.
Ni
CH 3CHO H 2 ��
� C2 H 5OH
to
12.
Al2O3
2C2 H 5OH ���
� C4 H 6 2 H 2 O H 2 �
450o C
13.
Ni
C4 H 6 2 H 2 ��
� C4 H 10
to
14.
Cracking
C4 H10 ����
� C3 H 6 CH 4
CH 3 CH CH 2 HOH ��
� CH 3 CH CH 3
|
OH
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
dpdd
2CH 3COONa 2 H 2O �����
C2 H 6 2CO2 NaOH H 2 �
có vách ngan
ánh sáng
C2 H 6 Cl2 ����
C2 H 5Cl HCl
C2 H 5Cl 2 Na ClC2 H 5 ��
� C4 H10 2 NaCl
Cracking
C4 H10 ����
� C3 H 6 CH 4
Các oxit cua nito
CH 4 O2 �����
� HCHO H 2O
600o C
NH 3
HCHO 2 Ag 2O ���
� CO2 H 2O 4 Ag �
o
22.
t
C3 H 7Cl NaOH loãng ��
� C3 H 7OH NaCl
o
23.
24.
25.
t
C3 H 7OH CuO ��
� CH 3 CH 2 CHO Cu H 2O
1
Mn 2
CH 3 CH 2 CHO O2 ���
� CH 3 CH 2 COOH
2
H 2 SO4 ( d )
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2OH ����
� CH 3 CH CH 2 H 2O
180o C
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 HCl ��
� CH 3 CH CH 3
|
26.
Cl
o
t
CH 3 CH CH 3 NaOH loãng ��
� CH 3 CH CH 3 NaCl
27.
|
|
Cl
OH
o
t
CH 3 CH CH 3 CuO ��
� CH 3 C CH 3 Cu H 2O
28.
29.
30.
31.
|
P
OH
O
Cracking
C5 H12 ����
� C3 H16 C2 H 6
�
�
�
�
xt ,t o
nCH 3 CH CH 2 ���
��
CH CH 2 �
� |
�
� CH
�
3
�
�
n
�
�
�
�
Dehidro
CH 3 CH CH 2 CH 3 ���� �
CH 2 C CH CH 2 � 2H 2
|
|
�
�
�
�
CH 3
CH 3
�
�
n
32.
�
�
�
�
xt ,t o
nCH 2 C CH CH 2 ���
��
CH 2 C CH CH 2 �
p
|
|
�
�
�
�
CH 3
CH 3
�
�
n
Dehidro
CH 3 CH CH 2 CH 3 ����
CH 3 C CH CH 3 H 2
33.
|
|
CH 3
CH 3
34.
� CH 3
�
� |
�
xt ,t o
nCH 3 C CH ���
��
C CH �
p
|
|
|
� |
�
� CH 3 CH 3 �
CH 3 CH 3
�
�
n
BÀI TẬP VỀ ANKIEN
o
1.
2.
t
HO CH 2 CH 2 COONa NaOH ��
�CH 3 CH 2 OH Na2CO3
Al2O3
2C2 H 5OH ���
� CH 2 CH CH CH 2 2 H 2O H 2
450o C
CH 2 CH CH CH 2 Br2 ��
� CH 2 CH 2 CH CH 2
3.
|
|
Br
Br
CH 2 CH CH CH 2 Br2 ��
� CH 2 CH CH CH 2
hay
|
|
Br
Br
CH 2 CH CH CH 2 2 Br2 ��
� CH 2 CH CH CH 2
4.
5.
6.
|
|
|
|
Br
Br
Br
Br
Na
nCH 2 CH CH CH 2 2 Br2 ��
� CH 2 CH CH CH 2 n
Pd
CH 2 CH C �CH 2 H 2 ��
� CH 2 CH CH CH 2
7.
CuCl , NH 4Cl
2CH �CH ����
�
� CH 2 CH C �CH
Phương trình 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 các bạn tự viết
H
� nC6 H12O6
C6 H10O5 n nH 2O ��
14.
15.
16.
17.
men ruou
C6 H12O6 ����
� 2C2 H 5OH 2CO2
Al2O3
2C2 H 5OH ���
� CH 2 CH CH CH 2 2 H 2O H 2 �
450o C
Na
nCH 2 CH CH CH 2 ��
� CH 2 CH CH CH 2 n
to
18.
�
�
�
�
to , p
nCH CH
��
�
��
CH 2 CH
�
xt
|
|
�
�
�
CH CH 2
CH CH 2 �
�
�
n
19.
dpdd
2CH 2 CH COONa 2 H 2O ���
�CH 2 CH CH CH 2 2 NaOH 2CO2 � H 2 �
cong 1,2
CH 2 CH CH CH 2 Br2 ���
� CH 2 CH CH CH 2
20.
Theo tỉ lệ 1 : 1
|
|
Br
Br
cong 1,4
CH 2 CH CH CH 2 Br2 ���
� CH 2 CH CH CH 2
Theo tỉ lệ 1 : 1
|
|
Br
Br
CH 2 CH CH CH 2 Br2 ��
� CH 2 CH CH CH 2
|
|
|
|
Br
Br
Br
Br
Theo tỉ lệ 1 : 2
CH 3 CH CH 2 CH 3 ��
� CH 2 C CH CH 2 2 H 2
21.
22.
|
|
CH 3
CH 3
�
�
�
�
to , p
nCH 2 C CH CH 2 ��
�
��
CH 2 C CH CH 2 �
xt
|
|
�
�
�
�
CH 3
CH 3
�
�
n
23.
Cl
�
�
�
�
|
�
�
�
�
�
CH 2 C CH CH 2 � nHCl ��
��
CH 2 C CH 2 CH 2 �
|
|
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
CH 3
CH 3
�
�
�
�
n
n
24.
Cracking
C5 H12 ����
� C3 H 6 C2 H 6
25.
�
�
�
�
nCH 3 CH CH 2 ��
��
CH CH 2 �
� |
�
� CH
�
3
�
�
n
BÀI TẬP VỀ ANKIN
O O
P
P
voi toi
Na O C C O Na 2 NaOH ���
� H 2 2 Na2CO3
to
1.
o
2.
3000 C
2C H 2 ���
� C2 H 2
3.
CuCl2 , NH 4Cl
2C2 H 2 �����
� CH 2 CH C �CH
100o C
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Pd
C2 H 2 H 2 ��
� C2 H 4
H 2 SO4 ( d )
C2 H 5OH ����
� C2 H 4 H 2O
180o C
Ni
CH 3CHO H 2 ��
� C2 H 5OH
HgSO4
C2 H 2 H 2O ���
� CH 3CHO
80o C
ddKMnO4
C2 H 2 4 O ����
� HOOC COOH
Hoaëc
9.
3C2 H 2 8KMnO4 4 H 2O ��
� 3 COOH 2 8MnO2 8KOH
CH �CH 2 HCl ��
� CH 3 CHCl2
10.
11.
2 KOH / ruou
CH 3 CHCl2 �����
CH �CH 2HCl
AgC �CAg 2 HCl ��
� HC �CH 2 AgCl �
NH 3
HC �CH Ag 2O ���
� AgC �CAg H 2O
12.
Hoaëc
�
HC �CH 2 �
Ag
NH
OH
��
� AgC �CAg 4 NH 3 2 H 2O
3
�
2�
o
13.
600 C
2C2 H 2 ���
� C6 H 6
C
14.
làm lanh nhanh
2CH 4 �����
� C2 H 2 3H 2
1500o C
o
15.
t
C2 H 2 Br4 2Zn ��
� C2 H 2 �2ZnBr2
16.
HgSO4
CH �CH H 2O ����
� CH 3CHO
60 80o C
17.
1
Mn 2
CH 3CHO O2 ���
� CH 3COOH
2
18.
CH 3COOH CH �CH ��
�CH 3COOCH CH 2
19.
20.
�
�
�
�
to , p
nCH 3COOCH CH 2 ���
��
CH
CH 2 �
|
�
�
� OCOCH
�
3
�
�
n
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
CH CH 2 � nNaOH ��
� nCH 3COONa �
CH CH 2 �
|
�
�
� |
�
� OH
�
� OCOCH
�
�
�
3
�
�
n
n
o
21.
900 C
CaCO3 ���
� CaO CO2
22.
2000 C
CaO 3C ���
� CaC2 CO
o
23.
CaC2 2 H 2O ��
� C2 H 2 Ca OH 2
Hoaëc
CaC2 2 H ��
� C2 H 2 Ca 2
24.
CuCl2 , NH 4 Cl
2C2 H 2 �����
� CH 2 CH C �CH
100o C
25.
Pd
CH 2 CH C �CH H 2 ��
� CH 2 CH CH CH 2
26.
27.
Ni
CH 2 CH CH CH 2 H 2 ��
�CH 3 CH 2 CH CH 2
Ni
CH 3 CH 2 CH CH 2 H 2 ��
� C4 H10
28.
Cracking
C4 H10 ����
� CH 4 C3 H 6
29.
ruou
C2 H 4 Br2 2 KOH dd ���
� C2 H 2 2 KBr 2 H 2O
to
30.
ddKMnO4
C2 H 2 4 O ����
� HOOC COOH
31.
HOOC COOH 2 NaOH ��
� COONa 2 2 H 2O
32.
CaO
NaOOC COONa 2 NaOH ���
� H 2 2 Na2CO3
33.
Pd
H 2 C2 H 2 ��
� CH 2 CH 2
ddKMnO4
CH 2 CH 2 O H 2O ����
� CH 2 CH 2
34.
|
|
OH
OH
ddKMnO4
CH 2 CH 2 4 O ����
� COOH 2 H 2O
35.
|
|
|
OH
OH
COOH
36.
xt
C2 H 2 CH 3COOH ��
� CH 3 COOCH CH 2
37.
�
�
�
�
nCH 3 COOCH CH 2 ��
��
CH CH 2 �
|
�
�
� OCOCH
�
3
�
�
n
38.
CH 3COOCH CH 2 NaOH ��
� CH 3COONa CH 3CHO
39.
HgSO4
C2 H 2 H 2O ����
� CH 3CHO
60 80o C
40.
Ca
nCH �CH ���
� CH CH n hay CH 2 n
280o C
CH 3 C �CH H 2O ��
� CH 3 C CH 2
|
OH
41.
OH
|
CH 3 C CH 2 H 2O ��
� CH 3 C CH 3
42.
|
|
OH
OH
OH
|
CH 3 C CH 3 ��
� CH 3 C CH 3 H 2O
43.
44.
|
P
OH
O
ruou
C2 H 4 Br2 2 KOH dd ���
� C2 H 2 �2KBr 2H 2O
to
o
45.
600 C
3C2 H 2 ���
� C6 H 6
bot than
46.
C6 H 6 C2 H 4 ��
� C6 H 5 CH 2 CH 3
47.
Dehidro
C6 H 5 CH 2 CH 3 ����
C6 H 5 CH CH 2 H 2
48.
�
�
�
�
nC6 H 5 CH CH 2 ��
��
CH CH 2 �
� |
�
�C H
�
� 6 5
�
n
49.
Pd
C2 H 2 H 2 ��
� C2 H 4
BAØI TẬP VỀ AREN
Al4C3 12 HCl ��
� 4 AlCl3 3CH 4
1.
o
2.
1500 C
2CH 4 �����
� C2 H 2 3H 2
làm lanh nhanh
o
3.
600 C
3C2 H 2 ���
� C6 H 6
C
4.
Pd
C6 H12 ���
� C6 H 6 3H 2
300o C
5.
Ni
C6 H 6 3H 2 ��
� C6 H12
to
6.
7.
bot Fe
C6 H 6 Br2 ���
� C6 H 5 Br HBr
AlCl3
C6 H 6 Cl CH 3 ���
� C6 H 5 CH 3 HCl
8.
ddKMnO4
C6 H 5CH 3 3 O ����
� C6 H 5COOH H 2O
to
9.
C6 H 5COOH NaOH ��
� C6 H 5COONa H 2O
10.
C6 H 5COONa HCl ��
� C6 H 5COOH NaCl
11.
vôi tôi
C6 H 5COONa(tinh thê) NaOH ( r ) ���
� C6 H 6 Na2CO3
to
12.
á s'
C6 H 6 3Cl2 ��
� C6 H 6Cl6
13.
Pd
C6 H12 ���
� C6 H 6 3H 2
300o C
o
14.
900 C
CaCO3 ���
� CaO CO2
o
15.
16.
2000 C
CaO 3C ���
� CaC2 CO
CaC2 2 H 2O ��
� Ca OH 2 C2 H 2
o
17.
18.
600 C
3C2 H 2 ���
� C6 H 6
C
AlCl3
C6 H 6 Cl CH 3 ���
� C6 H 5 CH 3 HCl
19.
20.
dpdd
C2 H 5COONa 2 H 2O ���
� C4 H10 2 NaOH 2CO2 � H 2 �
21.
Cracking
C4 H10 ����
� C3 H 6 CH 4
600o C
22.
1500 C
2CH 4 �����
� C2 H 2 3 H 2
làm lanh nhanh
o
o
23.
600 C
3C2 H 2 ���
� C6 H 6
C
24.
25.
Dehidro
C7 H16 ����
C6 H 5 CH 3 4 H 2
to
26.
á s'
C6 H 5 CH 3 Br2 ��
� C6 H 5 CH 2 Br HBr
27.
28.
OH
C6 H 5 CH 2 Br H 2O ���
�C6 H 5 CH 2OH HBr
H 2 SO4 ( d )
��
�
�
CH 3COOH HO CH 2 C6 H 5 ��
��
��
�
�CH 3COOCH 2 C6 H 5 H 2O
29.
C6 H 5CH 2CH 3 Cl2 ��
� C6 H 5 CH 2 CH 2 Cl HCl
C6 H 5CH 2CH 3 Cl2 ��
� C6 H 5 CH CH 3 HCl
|
Cl
30.
31.
OH
C6 H 5 CH 2 CH 2 Cl H 2O ���
C6 H 5 CH 2 CH 2 OH HCl
o
32.
33.
t
C6 H 5 CH 2 CH 2OH CuO ��
�C6 H 5CH 2CHO Cu H 2O
t
C6 H 5CH 2CHO 2 �
Ag NH 3 2 �
OH ��
� C6 H 5CH 2 COONH 4 3NH 3 2 Ag � H 2O
�
�
o
34.
2C6 H 5CH 2 COONH 4 H 2 SO4 ��
� 2C6 H 5CH 2COOH NH 4 2 SO4
OH
C6 H 5 CH CH 3 H 2O ���
� C6 H 5 CH CH 3 HCl
35.
|
|
Cl
OH
H 2 SO4 ( d )
C6 H 5 CH CH 3 ����
� C6 H 5 CH CH 2 H 2O
to
|
36.
37.
OH
�
�
�
�
nC6 H 5 CH CH 2 ��
��
CH CH 2 �
� |
�
�C H
�
� 6 5
�
n
BÀI TẬP VỀ RƯU
1.
H 2 SO4
CH 3 CH 2OH HCl ���
� CH 3CH 2Cl H 2O
2.
CH 3CH 2Cl NaOH ��
� CH 3CH 2OH NaCl
Hay
���
CH 3CH 2Cl H 2O ��
�CH 3CH 2OH HCl
3.
KOH / con
CH 3 CH 2Cl ����
� CH 2 CH 2 HCl
dun nóng
4.
CH 2 CH 2 HCl ��
� CH 3CH 2Cl
5.
H 2 SO4 ( d )
CH 3CH 2OH ����
� CH 2 CH 2 H 2O
170o C
6.
H 3 PO4
CH 2 CH 2 H 2O ���
� CH 3CH 2OH
to , p
vôi tôi
CH 3 CH COONa NaOH ���
� CH 3 CH 2 OH Na2CO3
to
|
OH
7.
8.
H 2 SO4 ( d )
CH 3CH 2CH 2OH ����
� CH 3 CH CH 2 H 2O
170o C
H 2 SO4
CH 3CH CH 2 H 2O ���
� CH 3 CH CH 3
to , p
|
OH
Hoaëc
H 2 SO4 ( d )
CH 3 CH CH 3 ����
� CH 3 CH CH 2 H 2O
170o C
|
OH
9.
o
500 C
CH 3 CH CH 2 Cl2 ���
� CH 2 CH CH 2 HCl
|
Cl
Hoaëc
Ni
CH 2 CH CH 2 H 2 ��
� CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
to
Hoaëc
Hoaëc
|
|
Cl
Cl
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2Cl NaOH ��
� CH 3CH 2CH 2OH NaCl
10.
vôi tôi
HO CH 2 COONa NaOH ���
� CH 3OH Na2CO3
to
11.
1
CH 3OH Na ��
� CH 3ONa H 2
2
12.
CH 3ONa HCl ��
� CH 3OH NaCl
13.
CH 3OH HCl ��
� CH 3Cl H 2O
14.
CH 3OH CuO ��
� HCHO H 2O
15.
1
Mn2
HCHO O2 ���
� HCOOH
2
16.
17.
Ca OH
2
6 HCHO ����
� C6 H12O6
len men
C6 H12O6 ���
� 2C2 H 5OH 2CO2
ruou
18.
H
(C6 H10O5 ) n nH 2O ��
� nC6 H12O6
19.
len men ruou
C6 H12O6 �����
2C2 H 5OH 2CO2
20.
C2 H 5OH HCl ��
� C2 H 5Cl H 2O
21.
ddKOH
C2 H 5Cl ���
� CH 2 CH 2 HX
ruou
ddKMnO4
CH 2 CH 2 O H 2O ����
� CH 2 CH 2
22.
Hoaëc
|
|
OH
OH
3CH 2 CH 2 2 KMnO4 4 H 2O ��
� 3 CH 2 CH 2 2 MnO2 2 KOH
|
|
OH
OH
ddKMnO4
CH 2 CH 2 3 O ����
� HO C C OH H 2O
23.
|
|
OH
OH
P
P
O O
COOH 2 KOH ��
� COOK 2 H 2O
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
|
|
COOH
COOK
Cracking
C6 H14 ����
� C2 H 4 C4 H10
to
H
280o C
C2 H 4 H 2O ���
� C2 H 5OH
lên men giam
C2 H 5OH O2 ����
�
� CH 3COOH H 2O
2CH 3COOH Ca ��
� CH 3COO 2 Ca H 2
29.
Ni
CH 3 C CH 3 H 2 ��
� CH 3 CH CH 3
30.
P
|
O
OH
H 2 SO4 ( d )
CH 3 CH CH 3 ����
� CH 2 CH CH 3
180o C
|
31.
OH
o
32.
33.
500 C
CH 2 CH CH 3 Cl2 ���
� CH 2 CH CH 2OH HCl
o
t
CH 2 CH CH 2Cl NaOH loang ��
� CH 2 CH CH 2OH NaCl
CH 2 CH CH 2 OH Br2 ��
�CH 2 CH CH 2 OH
34.
35.
|
|
Br
Br
o
t
CH 2 CH CH 2 2 NaOH loang ��
� CH 2 CH CH 2 2 NaBr
|
|
|
|
|
|
Br
Br
OH
OH
OH
OH
36.
37.
á s'
C2 H 6 Cl2 ��
� C2 H 5Cl HCl
o
38.
t
C2 H 5Cl NaOH loang ��
� C2 H 5OH NaCl
39.
C2 H 5OH HCl ��
� C2 H 5Cl H 2O
40.
t
C2 H 5OH CuO ��
� CH 3CHO Cu H 2O
o
o
41.
t , Ni
CH 3CHO H 2 ���
� C2 H 5OH
42.
1
Mn 2
CH 3CHO O2 ���
� CH 3COOH
2
43.
lên men giam
C2 H 5OH O2 ����
�
� CH 3COOH H 2O
44.
H 2 SO4 ( d )
��
�
�
CH 3COOH C2 H 5OH ��
��
��
�
�CH 3COOC2 H 5 H 2O
45.
Hg
CH �CH C2 H 5OH ���
� C2 H 5O CH CH 2
2
BÀI TẬP VỀ PHENOL
O
O
P
P
Vôi tôi
NaO C CH 2 C ONa 2 NaOH ���
� CH 4 2 Na2CO3
to
1.
o
2.
1500 C
2CH 4 �����
� C2 H 2 3H 2
làm lanh nhanh
o
3.
4.
5.
600 C
3C2 H 2 ���
� C6 H 6
C
bôt Fe
C6 H 6 Cl2 ���
� C6 H 5Cl HCl
C6 H 5Cl NaOH loang ��
� C6 H 5Cl NaCl
CH 3 C O C CH 3 C6 H 5OH ��
� CH 3COOC6 H 5 CH 3COOH
6.
P
P
O
O
7.
8.
9.
C6 H 5ONa CO2 H 2O ��
� C6 H 5OH NaHCO3
Vẩn đục nổi lên trên
Hoặc
C6 H 5ONa H ��
� C6 H 5OH Na
10.
11.
(Maøu traéng)
12.
C6 H 5ONa Br CH 3 ��
� C6 H 5OCH 3 NaBr
BÀI TẬP VỀ AMIN
o
1.
1500 C
2CH 4 �����
� C2 H 2 3H 2
làm lanh nhanh
o
2.
3.
4.
600 C
3C2 H 2 ���
� C6 H 6
C
H 2 SO4 ( d )
C6 H 6 HONO2 ����
� C6 H 5 NO2 H 2O
C6 H 5 NO2 6 H ��
� C6 H 5 NH 2 2H 2O
Hay
C6 H 5 NO2 3Fe 6 HCl ��
� C6 H 5 NH 2 3FeCl2 2H 2O
o
Hay
t
4C6 H 5 NO2 9 Fe 4 H 2O ��
� 4C6 H 5 NH 2 3Fe3O4
5.
C6 H 5 NH 2 CH 3COOH ��
� CH 3COO N H 3C6 H 5
6.
7.
C6 H 5 NH 2 HCl ��
� C6 H 5 NH 3Cl
8.
C6 H 5 NH 3Cl NaOH ��
� C6 H 5 NH 2 NaCl H 2O
o
9.
600 C
3C2 H 2 ���
� C6 H 6
C
10.
bot Fe
C6 H 6 Cl2 ���
� C6 H 5Cl HCl
11.
C6 H 5Cl 2 NaOH ��
� C6 H 5ONa NaCl H 2O
12.
C6 H 5ONa CO2 H 2O ��
� C6 H 5OH NaHCO3
13.
14.
H 2 SO4 ( d )
C6 H 6 HONO2 ����
� C6 H 5 NO2 H 2O
Fe / HCl
C6 H 5 NO2 6 H ����
C6 H 5 NH 2 2 H 2O
o
15.
900 C
CaCO3 ���
� CaO CO2
o
16.
17.
2000 C
CaO 3C ���
� CaC2 CO
CaC2 2 H 2O ��
� C2 H 2 Ca OH 2
o
18.
t , xt , p
2C2 H 2 ���
� C4 H 4
19.
CaC2 2 HCl ��
� CaCl2 C2 H 2
20.
t , Ni
C4 H 4 3H 2 ���
� C4 H10
o
21.
22.
23.
Cracking
C4 H10 ����
� CH 4 C3 H 6
á s'
CH 4 Cl2 ��
� CH 3Cl HCl
C2 H 5OH
CH 3Cl NH 3 ����
� CH 3 NH 2 HCl
100o C
Hoaëc
24.
xt
CH 3Cl NaNH 2 ��
� CH 3 NH 2 NaCl
�
�
2CH 3 NH 2 H 2 SO4 ��
��
CH 3 NH 3 �SO4
�
�
2
CH 3 NH 2 H 2 SO4 ��
�CH 3 N H 3 HSO4
BÀI TẬP VỀ ANĐÊHIT - XETON
1.
á s'
CH 4 Cl2 ��
� CH 3Cl HCl
o
2.
t
CH 3Cl NaOH loang ��
� CH 3OH NaCl
o
3.
t
CH 3OH CuO ��
� HCHO Cu H 2O
t
�
HCHO 4 �
Ag
NH
OH
��
3
�
2
� � NH 4 2 CO3 4 Ag 6 NH 3 2 H 2O
o
4.
2
5.
Mn
HCHO O2 ���
� HCOOH
HCOOH NaOH ��
� HCOONa H 2O
6.
to
7.
2 HCOONa ��
� HCHO Na2CO3
xt
2 HCHO ��
� CH 2 CHO
|
OH
8.
9.
Ca OH
2
6 HCHO ����
� C6 H12O6
10.
Các oxit nito
CH 4 O2 �����
HCHO H 2O
600o C
11.
C2 H 5 Cl 2 Na Cl C2 H 5 ��
�C4 H10 2 NaCl
12.
Cracking
C4 H10 ����
� CH 4 C3 H 6
600o C
13.
làm lanh nhanh
2CH 4 �����
� C2 H 2 3 H 2
1500o C
14.
HgSO4
C2 H 2 H 2O ����
� CH 3CHO
60 80o C
15.
1
Mn 2
CH 3CHO O2 ���
� CH 3COOH
2
16.
CH 3COOH NaOH ��
�CH 3COONa H 2O
17.
vôi tôi
CH 3COONa NaOH ���
� CH 4 Na2CO3
to
18.
19.
20.
Pd
C2 H 2 H 2 ��
� C2 H 4
1
PdCl2 / CuCl2
C2 H 4 O2 �����
� CH 3CHO
500o C
2
CH 3CHO 2Cu OH 2 NaOH ��
� CH 3COONa Cu2O 3H 2O
C3 H 7 CH SO3 Na NaOH ��
� C3 H 7CHO H 2O Na2 SO3
|
21.
22.
23.
OH
Ni
C3 H 7 CHO H 2 ��
� C3 H 7CH 2OH
5C3 H 7CH 2OH 4 KMnO4 6 H 2 SO4 ��
� 5C3 H 7COOH 4MnSO4 2 K 2 SO4 11H 2O
24.
C3 H 7COOH NaOH ��
� C3 H 7COONa H 2O
25.
Vôi tôi
C3 H 7 COONa NaOH ���
� C3 H 8 Na2CO3
to
26.
Cracking
C3 H 8 ����
� C2 H 4 CH 4
27.
H
C2 H 4 H 2O ���
� C2 H 5OH
280o C
28.
men giam
C2 H 5OH O2 ����
� CH 3COOH H 2O
29.
2CH 3COOH Ca ��
� CH 3COO 2 Ca H 2 �
t
� CH 3 C CH 3 CaCO3
CH 3COO 2 Ca ��
P
o
O
30.
OH
|
xt
CH 3 C CH 3 ��
� CH 3 C CH 3 H 2O
31.
|
P
OH
O
BÀI TẬP VỀ AXIT CACBOXYLIC
1.
� CaSO4 �2CH 3COOH
CH 3COO 2 Ca H 2 SO4 ��
to
2.
CH 3COOH ��
� CH 4 CO2
Hoặc
Vơi tơi
CH 3COOH 2 NaOH ���
� CH 4 Na2CO3
to
3.
á s'
CH 4 Cl2 ��
� CH 3Cl HCl
4.
CH 3 Cl 2 Na Cl C3 H 7 ��
� C4 H10 2 NaCl
5.
Cracking
C4 H10 ����
� C3 H 6 CH 4
600o C
6.
CH 3 CH CH 2 H 2O ��
� CH 3 CH (OH ) CH 3
o
t
CH 3 CH CH 3 CuO ��
� CH 3 C CH 3 Cu H 2O
7.
8.
9.
|
P
OH
O
C2 H 4 HBr ��
� C2 H 5 Br
ruou
C2 H 5 Br KOH dd ���
� C2 H 4 KBr H 2O
o
10.
11.
t
C2 H 5 Br NaOH d ��
� C2 H 5OH NaBr
C2 H 5OH HBr ��
� C2 H 5 Br H 2O
o
12.
t
CH 3 CH 2 OH CuO ��
� CH 3 CHO H 2O Cu
13.
Ni
CH 3 CHO H 2 ��
� CH 3 CH 2 OH
14.
1
Mn2
CH 3 CHO O2 ���
� CH 3COOH
2
15.
CH 3COOH NaOH ��
� CH 3COONa H 2O
16.
17.
Cracking
C3 H 8 ����
� CH 4 C2 H 4
C2 H 4 Br2 ��
� C2 H 4 Br2
18.
19.
20.
Hoaëc
21.
o
22.
1500 C
2CH 4 �����
� C2 H 2 3 H 2
Làm lanh nhanh
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
���
CH 2 CH COOH ROH ��
�CH 2 CH COOR H 2O
33.
�
�
�
�
nCH 2 CH COOR ��
��
CH 2 CH �
|
�
�
�
COOR �
�
�
n
34.
lên men giam
C2 H 5OH O2 ����
�
� CH 3COOH H 2O
35.
CH 3COOH NaOH ��
� CH 3COONa H 2O
36.
Vôi tôi, t
CH 3COONa NaOH ����
� CH 4 Na2CO3
o
o
37.
38.
1500 C
2CH 4 �����
� C2 H 2 3 H 2
Làm lanh nhanh
HgSO4
C2 H 2 H 2O ���
� CH 3CHO
80o C
40.
1
Mn2
CH 3CHO O2 ���
� CH 3COOH
2
CH 3COOH CH �CH ��
� CH 3COOCH CH 2
41.
CH 3COOCH CH 2 NaOH ��
� CH 3COONa CH 3CHO
42.
H
� nC6 H12O6
C6 H10O5 n nH 2O ��
43.
len men ruou
C6 H12O6 �����
2C2 H 5OH 2CO2
39.
o
44.
t
CH 3 CH 2 OH CuO ��
� CH 3CHO Cu H 2O
45.
1
Mn 2
CH 3CHO O2 ���
� CH 3COOH
2
o
46.
47.
t cao
CH 3COOH ���
� CH 4 CO2 �
các oxit nito
CH 4 O2 ����
� HCHO H 2O
600-800o C