TÀI LIỆU ôn THI vào lớp 10

ÔN LUYỆN KÌ THI LÊN 10
TÀI LIỆU LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ

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CHUYÊN ĐỀ: TENSES (THÌ)
PRESENT SIMPLE (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN)

I.

Loại câu
Khẳng
định
Phủ
định

Động từ thường

Động từ “to be”

S + V(s/es)
He works very hard.

S + be (am/is/are)
I am a student.

S + do not/does not + Vo
I don’t usually get up early on weekends.

S + be (am/is/are) + not
We aren’t nurses.

Nghi vấn Do/Does + S+ Vo?
– Do I need to work overtime this Friday?
– No, you don’t.

Am/is/are + S ?
– Am I in Louisiana?
– No, you’re not.

Cách dùng
•

Thì Hiện tại đơn diễn tả một chân lý/sự thật hiển nhiên.
Paris is the capital of France.

•

Diễn tả một sự thật (nghề nghiệp, tuổi tác, đặc điểm, tính cách, thói quen, cách sinh
hoạt, một khả năng, v.v.) về một người vật/… ở hiện tại.
Her younger sister is 25.

•

Diễn tả kế hoạch được sắp xếp cho tương lai, chắc chắn xảy ra và thường đi kèm với
thời gian (lịch tàu, xe, máy bay, lịch học, lịch trình du lịch, v.v).
Our Chinese class starts at 6:30 pm.

Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì hiện tại đơn




every day/ every week/ every weekend/ every month/ every year/ …
rarely – hiếm khi, sometimes – thỉnh thoảng, often – thường thường, usually – thường
xuyên, always – luôn luôn, ..
once/ twice/ three times/ four times/… a day/ week/ month/…

II.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN)
• Khẳng định: S +am is/are + V-ing

I’m cooking now.

• Phủ định: S + am/is/ are + not + V-ing

I’m not going out tonight.
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• Nghi vấn: Am/is/are + S + V-ing?
Am I upsetting you?
→ No, you’re not.
Cách dùng
•

Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra tại thời điểm nói.
Our father is cooking.

•

Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra xung quanh thời điểm nói, khơng phải ngay tại thời
điểm nói.
These days, I’m reading a very good book.
Diễn tả một kế hoạch/dự định trong tương lai gần, có khả năng xảy ra cao và thường đi
kèm với thời gian cụ thể.
We’re working overtime this Friday.

•

•

Diễn tả sự than phiền của người nói về một việc cứ lặp đi lặp lại và khiến họ khó chịu hay
bực bội. Những trạng từ hay cụm từ diễn tả tần suất dày đặc (always – luôn luôn,
constantly – rất thường xuyên, all the time – mọi lúc, v.v.) gần như ln được sử dụng
với thì Hiện tại Tiếp diễn để thể hiện ý nghĩa này.

That employee is always missing deadlines.

Dấu hiệu nhận biếtThì Hiện tại Tiếp diễn




Now, at present, right now, at the moment,…
Listen!..; Look!...
These days,..

 Những động từ không dùng với thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn:
•
•
•
•

Động từ chỉ giác quan: hear, see, smell, taste
Động từ chỉ cảm xúc: love, hate, like, dislike, want, wish
Động từ chỉ trạng thái hay sự sở hữu: look, seem, appear, have, own, belong, need,…
Động từ chỉ hoạt động trí tuệ: agree, understand, remember, know,…

III.
•
•

•

PRESENT PREFECT (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)
Khẳng định: S + have/has + V3/ED

They have never missed a deadline.
Phủ định: S + have/has + NOT + V3/ED
My brothers have always wanted to go to that museum. They haven’t seen the
paintings there.
Nghi vấn: Have/has + S + V3/ED ?
→ Yes, S + have/ has.
→ No, S + haven’t/ hasn’t.
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Have you eaten dinner?
→ I haven’t. / Not yet.

Cách dùng
•

Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và kết thúc trong q khứ nhưng khơng nêu thời gian (do
người nói khơng nhớ, không biết hoặc không muốn đề cập đến). Ngược lại, khi diễn tả
hành động xảy và kết thúc trong quá khứ có thời gian cụ thể, ta dùng quá khứ đơn.
We have bought a new book.

•

Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra và hoàn tất, thường đi kèm với trạng từ ‘just’
hoặc ‘recently’ diễn tả nét nghĩa “vừa mới”.
They have recently bought that house.

•

Diễn tả việc đến hiện tại đã làm gì hay chưa làm gì hay đã làm việc gì được mấy lần rồi.

His niece hasn’t eaten breakfast yet.

•

Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, vẫn kéo dài tới hiện và có thể vẫn kéo dài
tới và trong tương lai. Thì này cũng có thể diễn tả tình trạng khơng làm một việc gì trong
một khoảng thời gian kéo dài từ quá khứ đến hiện tại, có thể là tiếp tục kéo dài tới và
trong tương lai.
His younger sister has played tennis since 1998.

Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Just (vừa mới), recently, lately
Already (rồi), yet (chưa), ever, never
So far, up to now, up to present (cho đến giờ)
It’s the first time/second time…
How long…?
Since + mốc thời gian: since 2002, since Monday, since last week,…
For + khoảng thời gian: for a long time, for ten years,…

IV.

SIMPLE PAST (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)

Loại câu
Khẳng định

Động từ thường
S + V2/Ved
We had 2 classes yesterday.

Động từ “to be”
S + was/were
When we were young, we were very close to
each other.

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Phủ định

S + did not + Vo (did not = didn’t)
Yesterday, we didn’t go to the gym because
we were exhausted.

S +was/ were +not
Last week, she weren’t in Ho Chi Minh City.

Nghi vấn

Did + S + Vo?
Did your team talk about that problem in the
last meeting?
→ Yes, we did.

Were/ Was + S ?
Were those students absent yesterday?
→ Yes, they were.

Cách dùng
•

Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và kết thúc luôn tại một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ,
thường đi kèm với thời gian.
My younger sister graduated 2 years ago.

•

Diễn tả một thói quen, một điều xảy ra nhiều lần hay một sự thật trong quá khứ nhưng
trong hiện tại không cịn nữa. Bên cạnh thì Q khứ Đơn, người bản xứ cũng thường sử
dụng cấu trúc ‘Subject + used to + Vo ’ để diễn tả nét nghĩa này.
When I was in university, I used to take part in lots of clubs.

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Diễn tả một chuỗi các hành động ngắn diễn ra nối tiếp nhau trong quá khứ.
He got into his office, took off his jacket, put on his glasses and started checking the
documents.

Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì Q khứ Đơn
•
•

Yesterday, … ago
last week/ month/ year..

•

in + năm: vào năm…

PAST CONTINUOUS (QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN)

V.
•

Khẳng định: S + was/were + V-ing
When his boss came, he was chatting with a colleague.

•

Phủ định: S + was/were + not + V-ing
This afternoon, our daughter wasn’t studying while we were doing the housework.

•

Nghi vấn : Was/were+ S + V-ing?
Were your family having dinner when I came?
→ No we weren’t.

Cách dùng

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•

Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ, thường
đi kèm với mốc thời gian.
At 10am this morning, we were preparing for this meeting.

•

Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì bị một hành động khác cắt ngang. Hành động cắt
ngang dùng thì Q khứ đơn, cịn hành động đang xảy ra dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn.
Yesterday, while he was presenting our project, the electricity went out .

•

Diễn tả hai hành động đang cùng diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ.(Thường dùng
với while)
This morning, I was reading a newspaper while my younger sister was finding her
phone.

Dấu hiệu nhận biết
•
•
•
•
•
•

All… (all yesterday, all last week,…)
The whole of…
From..to..(from Monday to Friday)
At this/that time… yesterday/ last…
At + hour (3 pm,5 am).. yesterday/ last…
While. When, as

FUTURE SIMPLE (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN)

VI.

•

Khẳng định: S + shall/will + Vo
I believe your daughter will be very successful.

•

Phủ định: S + shall/will + not + Vo
This fridge is a little pricey. We won’t take it.

•

Nghi vấn : Shall/will + S + Vo?
Will we buy these candies, dad?
→ No, we won’t. They’re not good for your health.

Cách dùng
•

Diễn tả một dự đốn chủ quan, khơng có căn cứ.
I think that she will get promoted soon.

•

Diễn tả một quyết định hay kế hoạch được đưa ra tức thì/ngay tại thời điểm nói.
Wow, this juice tastes so good! I will buy it.

•

Diễn tả một lời hứa sẽ làm gì hoặc sẽ khơng làm gì.

Dad, I promise that I will study harder.

•

Diễn tả một lời cảnh cáo/ đe dọa/hăm dọa/…
If you don’t leave my house right away, I will call the police.

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Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì Tương lai đơn
•
•
•

next week/ month…
tomorrow, soon, someday
I think/ hope/ believe that…

Put the verb into the correct form: Past simple and past continuous.
1. The Chinese ships …………… (tresspass) 80 miles into Vietnamese sea on the May 26.
2. When I …………… (get) home, they …………… (watch) TV, they …………… (not/do) their homework.
3. What …………… Ha …………… (do) at 6.30 this morning ? - She …………… (swim).
4. She …………… (listen) to music when the phone …………… (ring)
5. We …………… (study) unit 18 at this time last week.
6. I …………… (not/visit) Ha Long Bay last year, because I …………… (be) busy
7. The train …………… (leave) the station yesterday afternoon.
8. My parents…………… (have) dinner by the time I …………… (get) home yesterday.
9. Bill Gate …………… (not/earn) $ 300 in 2005, he …………… (earn) $ 175.
10. Where …………… you …………… (meet) Tom this morning ?

- I…………… (meet) him in front of the school library and he …………… (not/look) cheerful as usual..
11. When Jonh(arrive)…………… at home, Anna(talk)…………… to some one on the phone. Jonh(start)
…………… to get the tea.
12. I (lie) …………… in the bath when the phone (ring) …………… . It (stop) …………… after a few rings.
13. It (be) …………… cold when we (leave) …………… the house that day, and a light snow (fall) …………… .
14. Your friend who (come) …………… here the other day (seem) …………… very nice. I (enjoy) ……………
meeting her.
15. When I (see) …………… the man, he (stand) …………… outside the bank. He (have) …………… a black
baseball cap on.

Supply the correct VERB TENSE :
1. The coffee was all right, but the cream (be)…………………..sour.
2. He has a piano and a violin, but he (not have)………….a flute.
3. He says that he (arrive)……………..on time tomorrow.
4. She said that she (arrive)…………..on time yesterday.
5. I think that Victor (be)……………late.
6. He said that he (graduate)……………….from university in 1991.
7. We thought they (move)……………to California.
8. The teacher said that water (consist) …………………. of hydrogen and oxygen.
9. I (be)……….there when you arrive.
10. They were still waiting when I ( get)……………..there.
11. He has worked very hard since he ( be)………………here.
12. We have just come in when you (call)…………..
13. We’ll have already gone before you (get )……………back.
14. We decided to go home because it ( be )…………….very late.
15. We have been very busy while they ( be)…………..here.
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16. I haven’t seen him since he (arrive)…………..

17. The teacher gave us too many assignments, that we (cannot)………go to the concert.
18. It was such a beautiful day that I (feel)……….like taking a walk.
19. He works on Sundays so that he (can)………earn money to pay his tuition.
20. I (be)……………… busy since we last met.
21. I’m very fond of Jane but I (not see)……………….much of her lately.
22. There (be)………..no guests at all since I left?
23. I never(see)………….anyone more beautiful than your wife.
24. I (meet)………………..your husband this afternoon at the station.
25. He solved the problem more quickly than I (do)………….
26. This one of the best books that I (ever read)………………….
27. She has already telephoned the people who (come)………tomorrow.
28. I’ll never forget the kindness that you (show)………………me.
29. Are they the Italians who (own)………… this store?
30. It was the Smiths who (call)………….you.
31. She left her home last week and nobody (see)……….her since.
32. The video film is so interesting that I (see)…………it twice.
33. It is the first time I (meet)………………..him here.
34. It was at the age of 14 that Jack London (leave) ……………….. school and (become) ………...
a sailor.
35. The video film was so interesting that I (see)…………it twice.
36. It was the first time they (ever meet)……………….
37. The news (be)………quite alarming yesterday.
38. We (not live)……….. in England for two years now.
39. I (never forget) ………………… what you (just tell) ………….me.
40. They (prepare)………….. the Christmas dinner at the moment.
41. When I last (stay)……… in Cairo, I (ride)………to the Pyramids on a camel that my friend
(borrow)………… the day before.
42. Our teacher (tell)………………… us yesterday that he (visit)………England in 1970.
43. George (work)……………………at the university so far.
44. When he lived in Manchester, he (work)………..in a bank.

45. Birds (build)……………their nests in the summer and (fly)…….to the south in winter.
46. I (lose)……………………my key. Can you help me look for it?
47. My father (not smoke)……………………….for 5 years.
48. My teacher wasn’t at home when I (arrive)…………He (just go)…….out
49. How long Bold and Mary (be)…………married?
50. You (receive)………………….any letter from your parents yet?
51. My brother (join)…………the army when he (be)……….young.
52. I (see)……. a car accident while I (wait)………..for you at this corner yesterday.
53. Mr. John (be)………..principal of our school since last year.
54. Mr. Smith (teach)…………….at this school since he (graduate)………………..in 1990.
55. My father (not watch)……….TV every night.
56. I (meet)…………………. Arthur 3 weeks ago.
57. Yesterday the police (report)…………that they (capture)……………………..the thief.
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58. My friend (thank)…………………me for what I had done for him.
59. Someone (steal)………….. my handbag on the bus.
60. The Browns (live)……. in Paris for 7 years when the second world war (break)………. out.
Choose the correct answer
1. When I got home I found that water...............................down the kitchen walls
A. ran

B. was running

C. has run

D. had been running

2. After he.......................his English course, he went to England to continue his study

A. has finish

B. had finished

C. was finished

D. would finish

3. How.........................since we .....................college?
A. are you- left

B. were you- left

C. have you been- have left

D. have you been- left

4. I..................much of you lately. We..........................three months ago
A. haven’t seen- last meet

B. didn’t see- met

C. haven’t seen- have meet

D. didn’t see- have met

5. The Chinese.......................spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo.................back to Italy
A. made- brought

B. have made- brought

C. made- had brought

D. had been making- brought
6. When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker.................speaking and the audience...................
A. just finished- were clapping

B. had just finished- had clapped

C. had just finished- were clapping

D. just finished- had clapped

7. He.............................his job last month and then he..................out of work
A. lost- was

B. was lost- had been

C. has lost- was

D. lost- has been

8. In the last hundred years, travelling.......................much easier and more comfortable
A. become

B. has become

C. became

D. will became

9. In the 19th century, it.............two or three months to across North America by covered wagon
A. took

B. had taken

C. had been taken

D. was taking

10. In the past, the trip...................very rough and often dangerous, but things..........a great deal in the
last hundred and fifty years
A. was- have changed

B. is- change

C. had been- will change

D. has been- changed

11. She................Hanoi last year
A. went

B. go

C. goes

D. is going

12. Now you ..................from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours

A. are flying

B. would fly

C. will fly
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D. can fly


13. When Carol....................last night, I................my favorite show on television
A. was calling- watched

B. called- have watched

C. called- was watching

D. had called- watched

14. By the time next summer, you....................your studies
A. completes

B. will complete

C. are completing

D. will have completed

15. Right now, Jim.................the newspaper and Kathy...............dinner
A. reads- has cooked

B. is reading- is cooking

C. has read- was cooking

D. read- will be cooking

16. Last night at this time, they................................the same thing. She.................and he............the
newspaper
A. are doing- is cooking- is reading

B. were doing- was cooking- was reading

C. was doing- has cooked- is reading

D. had done- was cooking- read

17. Sam..............to change a light bulb when he................and.........................
A. was trying-slipped- fell

B. tried- was slipping- falling

C. had been trying- slipped- was falling

D. has tried- slips- falls

18. Every day I _______up at 6 o’clock, ______breakfast at seven o’clock and______for work at 8 o’clock
A. get- eat- leave

B. have got- eating- leaving

C. got- ate- left

D. will get- have eaten- left

19. I.......................... for this company for more then thirty years, and I intend to stay here until
I..............next year
A. am working- will retire

B. am going to work- am retiring

C. work- am going to retire

D. have been working- retire

20. My mother is the first.................up and the last......................to bed
A. getting- going

B. to get- going

C. getting- to go

D. to get- to go

21. I must have a bath. I ......................all the afternoon
A. was gardening

B. have gardened

C. have been gardening

D. had been gardening
22. The team.................a single match so far this season
A. doesn’t win

B. didn’t win

C. hasn’t won

D. hadn’t won

23. By the time you receive this letter, I ................for the USA
A. have left

B. will leave

C. will have left

24. Up to now, the manager ………………..a lot of information about his secretary.
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D. am leaving


A. learned

B. has learned

C. had learned

D. learns

25. Where is Mary? _ She ……………her homework in her room.
A. is performing

B. is making

C. is doing

D. is learning

26. While I ……………….along the road, I saw a friend of mine.
A. was cycling

B. have cycled

C. cycled

D. am cycling

27. By the time I . . . . . . . . . . this report, I will give you a ring.
A. type

B. will type

C. have typed

D. will have typed

28. While my mother ________ a film on TV, my father was cooking dinner. It was March 8 th yesterday.

A. watched

B. was watching

C. had watched

D. watches

29. The plane from Dallas ________ two hours late, so I missed my connecting flight from Frankfurt to
London.
A. took on

B. took in

C. took over

D. took off

30. When we came, a party _________ in the hall.
A. is being held

B. had being held

C. will be held

D. was being held

31. He ………….. in the same house since 1975.
A. has lived

B. is living

C. lived

D. had lived

32. When I came to visit her last night, she ________ a bath.
A. is having

B. was having

C. has

D. had

33.When we arrived at the restaurant, the others __________ .
A. left

B. have left

C. had left

D. are leaving

34. By the end of 2010 we_______ in Ho Chi Minh City for 30 years.
A. work

B. will work

C. have worked

D. will have worked

35. I learned that the college ________ in 1900
A. found

B. was founded

C. founded

D. had been founded

C. would be/ took

D. had been / would take

36. If I ________ 10 years younger, I _________ the job.
A. am/ will take

B. were/ would take

37. By the time he _____________ to the meeting, it had begun for 15 minutes.
A. had gone

B. has gone

C. went

38. He began to feel ill while ___________________.
A. he is doing the exam

B. he did the exam

C. he would do the exam

D. he was doing the exam.
39. Since 1980, scientists the world over _____ a lot of things to fight against AIDS.
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D. was going


A. have done

B. are doing

C. did

D. had done

40. Now my sister _____ a bicycle of her own.
A. is having

B. are having

C. has

D. had

41. Last week, my professor promised that he _____ today.

A. would come

B. will come

C. comes

D. coming

42. My girl friend arrived after I _____ for her about half an hour.
A. was waiting

B. had been waiting

C. have been waiting

D. have waited

43. I _____ in Quang Ngai before I moved to Binh Thuan.
A. have been living

B. have lived

C. had lived

D. had been living

44. There are many ways _____ to Rome.
A. is leading

B. are leading

C. leading

D. led

45. While I ____________ T.V last night, a mouse ran across the floor.
A. watch

B. watched

C. am watching

D. was watching

46. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle _________ last night.
A. was stolen

B. had been stolen

C. stole

D. was being stolen

47. While they were ________tables, he was _________ the radio.
A. arranging - listening to

B. arranging – hearing

C. laying -listening to

D. making- hearing

48. I suddenly remembered that I ........to bring my keys.
A. having forgotten

B. have forgotten

C. had forgotten

D. forgot

49. By the year 2010 many people currently employed ________their jobs.
A. will have lost

B. will be losing

C. have lost

D. are losing

50.By September next year I_______ here for ten years.
A. will be working

B. work

C. will have been working

D. have been working

Find and correct the error.

1. When I walk (A) past the park, I saw some children play football.
2. After John eaten (A) dinner, he wrote several letters and went to bed.
3. What did you do (A) at 9 o'clock last night (B)? I phoned (C) you but nobody (D) answered.
4. When (A) I arrived (B) at (C) the station, the train has already left (D).
5. Ann and Susan have known (A) each other (B) during (C) they were (D) at school.
6. She has disappeared (A) three days ago, and (B) they are still (C) looking for her (D) now.
7. After Mrs. Wang had returned (A) to her house (B) from work (C), she was cooking (D) dinner
8. It’s (A) the first time (B) I saw (C) this film (D)
15


9. After (A) he graduates (B) from (C) university, he joined the army (D).
10. Up to now (A), there had been (B) no (C) woman being chosen (D) the US president.

REWRITE SENTENCES

1. The first time + S + have/has + Vpp <-> S + have/has + never + Vpp.. Before.
I have never seen him before. -> This is the first time I have seen him.
a.
b.
c.
d.

This is the first time he has gone abroad.
This is the first time I has had such a delicious meal.
This the the first time I have watched this film.
This is the first time she has used this computer.

2. started/began + to-V/ V-ing + time (quá khứ) <-> S + have/has + Vpp + for/since + time.
I have studied English 3 years ago. -> I started to study English for 3 year.

(for <-> ago; since <-> in)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.

They have worked in that factory for five years.
We have learnt English for four years.
He has lived in Ha Noi since he was 12.
My father started to give up smoking last year.
They began building this house 2 months ago.
My mother started to work in this factory last week.
She started driving one month ago.
We began eating when it started to rain.
They started playing tennis in 2003.

3. S + last + V2/ed + when + S + V2/ed <-> S + have/ has + Vpp + since + S + V2/ed.
I last saw him when I was a student. -> I have not seen him since I was a student.
a. I haven’t met my aunt since I was 10 years old.
b. He last sent me postcards when he was in Paris.

4. The last time + S + V2/ed + … + was + time (quá khứ) <-> S + haven’t/ hasn’t + Vpp + … +
for/since...
The last time she went out with him was two years ago. -> She hasn’t gone out with him for
two years.

a.
b.
c.
d.

The last time we visited Kuala Lumpur was 3 years ago.
The last time I went here was 2 days ago.
The last time she stayed with her parents was 10 months ago.
The last time they attended my class was in 1990.
16


e.
f.
g.
h.

I haven’t come here for 3 months.
She hasn’t watched the film since 1990.
They haven’t eaten this food for 2 days.
He hasn’t visit Da Nang since 2000.

5. It’s + time + since + S + last + V2/ed… <-> S + haven’t/ hasn’t + Vpp + …+ since/for…
It’s ten years since I last saw her. -> I haven’t seen her for 10 years.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

I haven’t seen him since Monday.
We haven’t talked with her for a long time.
She hasn’t gone out with him for nearly 2 years.
I haven’t heard from her for nearly ten years.
He hasn’t been able to see them for over a year.

6. When/ How long ago + did + S + Vo? <-> How long + have/has + S + Vpp?
When did you buy it? -> How long have you bought it?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

How long has he worked in this factory?
How long have you bought this car?
When did you study English?
When did you start to listen to classical music?
How long ago did you learn music?

Rewrite the sentences
1. I have never been to Nha Trang before..
→ This is ...................................................................................
2.I last wore that shirt in May.
=> I haven't..................................................................................
3.We have met each other for ages.
=> It's.......................................................................................
4. It’s two years since I last spoke to her.
- I haven’t...................................................................................
5. I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years.

=> It’s years ...................................................................................
6. This is my first visit to Scotland.
=> I have...................................................................................
7. It’s 3 years since I last spoke to her.
→I haven’t……………………………………………………
8. Have you gone to school late before ?
→ Is this ......................................................................
9. We haven’t seen each other for over two years.
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=> The last time …………………………………………………
10. That’s the strangest film I’ve ever seen.
→I have never......................................................................
11. The last time we met each other was ten years ago.
→ We haven’t......................................................................
12. Have you ever played a computer game before?
Is this.....................................................................................
13. It’s three years since I last spoke to her.
I haven’t………………………………………………………….
14. It’s two years since I last spoke to him.
-> I haven’t......................................................................
15. We started living here 20 years ago.
-> We have.......................................................................
16. I’ve never eaten this kind of cake.
-> It’s .................................................................................
17- The last time I saw her was in 2005.
→ I haven't ......................................................................
18. The last time I played tennis was in 1990.
→ I haven't..............................................................................



CHUYÊN ĐỀ: SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT
•

Qui tắc chung:
S +V
S +V
(số ít)

(số nhiều)

(số ít)

(số nhiều)

The boy is playing football.
The students haven’t finished their test.

ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SỐ ÍT

•

Noun and Noun (chỉ cùng một người, vật)
The singer and composer is performingtonight.

•

Each, every, either, neither + Noun (số ít)
Every ariticle in this newspaper is very interesting.

•

Each, every. Either, neither + of + Noun (số nhiều)
Each of children has a toy.

•

Everything, something, anything, everybody, somebody, anybody, everyone, someone,
anyone, nobody, nothing, noone
18


Everything looks bright and cleans.
•

Danh từ chỉ tin tức, mơn học (tận cùng bằng –ics), bệnh tật, đất nước: news, physics,
politics, measles, mumps, the Philippines, the United States,…
Physics is more difficult than chemistry.

•

Danh từ khơng đếm được
The furniture was more expensive than we thought.

•

Thời gian, tiền bạc, khoảng cách, trọng lượng
Four weeks is a long time to wait to hear from him.

•

Mệnh đề, V-ing, to-inf
What he told was untrue.
Collecting stamps is my hobby.
To study English well is not easy.

ĐỘNG TỪ CHIA SỐ NHIỀU

•

Noun and noun (chỉ 2 người, 2 vật khác nhau)
The singer and the composer are performing tonight.
Water and oil do not mix.

•

The + adj: chỉ một nhóm người
The rich are not always happy.

•

Danh từ tập hợp: police, cattle, poultry, people,…
The police have arrested the thieves.

•

Some, a few, both, many, several + Noun (số nhiều)
Some books I read yesterday are famous.

CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT
Either
Neither N
Not only

1

or …
nor …
N
but also

2

+ V

(chia theo N2)

Not only my brother but also my sister is here.
Either my sister or I am going to cook dinner
•

N + giới từ + N + V
A box of cigarettes contains 20 pipes.
1

2

(chia theo N1)

19


•

The number of + Noun số nhiều + V số ít
The number of customers was higher.

•

A number of + Noun số nhiều + V số nhiều
A number of people are waiting for the bus.
All, some, none, plenty,
N →V
Half, Most, the rest,
+ of +
a lot, lots
N
→V

•
•
•

(số ít)

(số ít)

(số nhiều)

(số nhiều)

None of the boys are good at English.
A lot of coffee has been sold.
as well as
N + together with + N + V (chia theo N )
along with
with
Mr. Smith, as well as his wife, jogs every morning.
1

2

1

•

Một số từ như paints, trousers, pliers, scissors, shoes, glasses, gloves là danh từ số
nhiều và cần động từ số nhiều đi cùng. Tuy nhiên, khi có từ pair (of) đi trước các danh từ
này đứng làm chủ ngữ theo động từ theo sau là số ít.
The scissors are very sharp
A pair of scissors was left on the table.

•

Trong câu bắt đầu bằng THERE thì động từ hịa hợp với chủ từ theo sau nó.
There stands a pagoda facing the little lake.
There were a lot of people at the meeting.

Use the correct verb tense or form :

1. Rickets …………… a children’s disease cause by a lack of vitamin D. (be)
2. Measles …………… a dangerous disease for pregnant women. (be)
3. Statistics …………… a difficult course for people to understand. (be)
4. Statistics …………… that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the Unites States
……………… in divorce. (show / end)
5. The United States ……………… of 50 states. (consist)
6. Two hours ……………. too long to wait, don’t you think ? (be)
7. Cattle ………………. to graze near the church. (allow)
8. The police …………………….. the thief recently. (arrest)
9. Peaches and cream …………… delicious. (be)
20


10. Peaches and cream …………… perishable and be refrigerated. (be)
11. The majority of the birds ………………. for winter. (migrate)
12. The majority of the homework ………………. useful. (be)
13. A number of books on U.S universities ………………. in the library. (be)
14. The number of books on U.S universities ………………. fifteen. (total)
15. Kara Walters, together with her classmates, …………………… a formidable opponent on the
basketball court. (present)
16. Either the physicians in the hospital or the chief administrator …………. going to have to make
a decision. (be)
17. …………… my boss or my sisters in the union is going to win the game ? (be)
18. Everyone selected to serve on this jury …………… to be willing to give up a lot of time. (be)
19. Three-quarter of the students …………… against tuition hike. (be)
20. John, as well as his younger sisters, ………… going to study at that school. (be)
21. Part of the money …………… to the charity. (go)
22. You and I …………. supposed to clean the room before Mom gets home. (be)
23. Either the President or the Vice ……………… signed the document. (have)
24. The outfits in the store window …………… very expensive. (be)

25. One of the antique bureaus ………………. valued at over ten thousand dollars. (be)
26. The gold necklace, as well as the two pairs of earrings, …………… for only 200 US$. (sell)
27. The leaves on the pear tree ………… bright green. (be)
28. On the other side of the town …………. a Chinese restaurant. (be)
29. Everyone who ………… to the shop and …………. something. (come / buy)
30. Each of the restaurant ………………… its own unique blend coffee. (offer)
31. The president as well as the trustees …………………. the proposal. (dislike)
32. Determination and discipline ………… necessary to master a foreign language. (be)
33. John is one of the people who ……………… successful in everything. (be)
34. Until last year grammatical errors, not organization ……. the instructor’s main concern. (be)
35. The floor and the ceiling ……………. to be repaired because of the flooding. (have)
36. The jury ……………. not in arrangement on the validity of the evidence. (be)
37. The number of careers Yoko can enter ………… very large. (be)
38. A great number of homework Ying can do everyday ………… very large. (be)
39. Neither of my two suitcases …………….. adequate for this trip. (be)
40. Everybody in this class ……………… their homework already. (do)
Choose the correct answer
1. Minh with his friends_____ here now.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
2. Ba and Nam _____ here now.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
3. Physic ______easy, ________?
A. is / aren’t they
B. are / isn’t it

C. was / wasn’t it D. were / weren’t they
4. Millions of dollars_____ not enough for the victims of the tsunami
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
5. Four years far from homeland _____ to make me love it more.
A. is seeming
B. are seeing
C. seems
D. seemed
21


6. Cattle______ grazing on the meadow now.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
7. Neither of the books______ me
A. belong to
B. belongs to
C. was belonged to
D. belonging to
8. Many of them______ present at the meeting last night.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
9. Every child ______ given a book.

A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
10. Three fourth of the students______ absent at the show yesterday.
A. are
B. was
C. were
D. is
11. A number of students ______ playing table - tennis at present.
A. are
B. was
C. were
D. is
12. Physics______ my favorite subject.
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. have been
13. Neither the mother nor the children______ aware of the danger.
A. were
B. was
C. is
D. has been
14. If anyone______, tell him I'll be back later.
A. was calling
B. called
C. call
D. calls
15. Each of the boys______ a book now.

A. haveB. has
C. had
D. are having
16. Two-thirds of the money______ mine now.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
17. The number of cows______ eating in the meadow at present.
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. were
18. The number of books in this library______ large.
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. were
19. Either you or I ______ wrong.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. were
20. Neither my gloves nor my hat______ with this dress.
A. is going
B. are going
C. goes
D. go
Choose the correct answer
1. Several of the students ______ absent yesterday.

A. has been
B. had been
C. were
D. was
2. The Browns ______ here since 1950.
A. are living
B. have lived
C. have been living
D. has been living
3. John, as well as I ______ a student.
A. are
B. were
C. am
D. has been
4. Not only John but his brothers ______ also in debt.
A. is
B. have
C. was
D. were
5. Local news ______ on TV every night at 5:30
A. were
B. was
C. is
D. are
6. A number of sheep______ died from a strange illness.
A. haveB. has
C. is
D. are
7. The boy and the girl _________ bad at Math.
22

A. is
B. are
C. was
D. be
8. The subject you will be studying in this course ______ listed in the syllabus.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
9. Massachusetts and Connecticut ______ located in New England.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
10. Each girl and each boy in the six grade class ______ to do a science project.
A. haveB. has
C. is having
D. are having
11. Making pies and cakes ______ Mrs. Lan’s specialty.
A. are
B. has
C. have
D. is
12. Each of children ______ a toy.
A. has
B. have
C. are having
D. to have

13. The writer and poet ______ coming tonight.
A. are
B. were
C. was
D. is
14. Everything ______ bright and clean.
A. looking
B. to look
C. looks
D. is looking
15. The seven-o’clock news _____ informative.
A. are
B. were
C. was
D. is
16. Physics _____ my favorite subject.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. was
17. Economics _____ taught in university.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. was
18. Mathematics _____ a difficult subject at school.
A. is
B. are
C. were
D. have

19. Physics _____ more difficult than chemistry
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. was
20. Much homework____ given to students every day.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. was


CHUYÊN ĐỀ: PASSIVE VOICE
1. Form

S + be + V3/ed + (by+ agent)
This house was built by my father.
2. Usage
Khi không biết hoặc không cần thiết nhắc đến người hoặc vật thực hiện hành động
- Khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh vào người hoặc vật tiếp nhận hành động hơn là người
hoặc vật thực hiện hành động.
3. Transformation

23


Active sentence

Passive sentene
PRESENT SIMPLE

S+V+O
Ex: Lan does the housework everyday.

Am/is/are + P.P.
The housework is done by Lan everyday.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS

S + am/is/are + Ving
Ex: I am learning English.

Am/is/are + being + P.P.
English is being learnt.
PRESENT PERFECT

S + have/has + P.P
Ex: She has painted her house.

Have/has + been + P.P.
Her house has been painted.
PAST SIMPLE

S + V2/ed
Ex: Mr. John bought a car.

Was/were + P.P.
A car was bought by Mr. John.
PAST CONTINUOUS

S + was/were + Ving

Ex: He was watching a football match.

Was/were + being + P.P.
A football match was being watched.

Động từ khiếm khuyết (Model verbs-MV) – can; could; will; must; would;…
S + MV + V
Ex: He should brush his teeth twice a day.

MV + be + P.P.
His teeth should be brushed twice a day.
PAST PERFECT

S + had + P.P
Ex: They had destoyed all the documents.

Had + been + P.P
All the documents had been destroyed.

 Notes:
- Khi chủ ngữ là: I, he, she, it, we, you, they, people, someone, nobody, no one, trong câu

-

chủ động thường được bỏ.
Someone left this purse in a classroom.
-> This purse was left in a classroom (by someone)
Các chủ ngữ: nobody và no one, đổi động từ sang thể phủ định.
Nobody see him leaving the room. -> He wasn’t seen leaving the room.
Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn + by +O + trạng từ chỉ thời gian

Change these sentences to the passive voice :
1. My students have met their friend at the station. ………………………………………………
2. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home. ………………………………………………
3. The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow. …………………………………………………
24


4. How many trees did they cut down ? ……………………………………………………………
5. This well-known library attracts many people. …………………………………………………
6. All students attended the meeting. ………………………………………………………………
7. People say that he is intelligent. …………………………………………………………………
8. He can’t repair my bike. …………………………………………………………………………
9. Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock. ………………………………………………………
10. Mr. Smith has taught us French for 2 years. ……………………………………………………
11. They didn’t look after the children properly. ……………………………………………………
12. Nobody swept this street last week. ……………………………………………………………
13. People drink a great deal of tea in England. ……………………………………………………
14. People speak English all over the world. ………………………………………………………
15. Tom was writing 2 poems. ………………………………………………………………………
16. She often takes her dog for a walk……………………………………………………………….
17. She didn’t introduce me to her mother. …………………………………………………………
18. Farmers usually milk cows twice a day. …………………………………………………………
19. He likes people to call him “sir”. ………………………………………………………………
20. Our teacher used to bid us talk in class. …………………………………………………………
21. Don’t let other see you. …………………………………………………………………………
22. Workers were digging a large hole in the ground. ………………………………………………
23. The car knocked a woman down in the street. …………………………………………………
24. Cows were eating grass on the meadow. …………………………………………………………
25. My cousin will meet you at the station. …………………………………………………………

26. She is running her own company. ………………………………………………………………
27. Visitors must leave umbrellas in the cloakroom. ………………………………………………
28. My mother used to make us clean the house. …………………………………………………….
29. John hasn’t finished his homework. ……………………………………………………………...
30. They suggested banning advertisements on TV. …………………………………………………
31. I will shut the door if you like. …………………………………………………………………
32. We have just seen a horrible accident. …………………………………………………………
33. What language do people speak in this country? ………………………………………………
34. At 7 p.m., Mrs. Smith was making cakes. ………………………………………………………
35. He isn’t going to buy that house. …………………………………………………………………
36. This terrorist has kept 3 hostages for a week. ……………………………………………………
37. He hasn’t seen you for years. ……………………………………………………………………
38. The examiner will read the passage 3 times. ……………………………………………………
39. An earthquake destroyed the town. ……………………………………………………………
40. He didn’t type the letter last night. ………………………………………………………………
Choose the correct answer
1. We can’t go along here because the road........................
A. is repairing
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. repairs
2. The story which I’ve just read...................Agatha Christie
A. was written
B. was written by
C. was written from
D. wrote by
3. I’m going to go out and.................................................
25