Tài liệu Báo cáo "Đầu tư trực tiếp (FDI) của Pháp tại Việt Nam giai đoạn 1993-2008 " doc

QUAN HE VIET NAM - CHAU AU
DfiU Tir TRirC TI€P
(FDI)
Gini DonN
Loi
mo"
dau
Dau tu qudc te ddng vai trd quan trgng
t
\
r r
trong sy phdt trien cua nen kinh te the gidi
hien dai, mdt trong nhiing yeu td quan trgng
nhat
ciia
qua trinh todn edu hda. Nd vira la
ddng lyc thiic day qud trinh ndy, vira chju sy
r
\
ehi
;)hdi ciia
qud trinh todn edu hda sdu rdng
tren the giai trong may thdp ky qua. Ddu tu
qudc te ehu yeu la ddu tu tu nhan, ve ca bdn
dugc chia thdnh ddu tu tryc tiep vd ddu tu
gian
liep
Ddu tu tryc tiep hay ddu tu tryc
tiep
I
udc ngodi (FDI Foreign Direct

Investment) thudng gdn vai viec xdy dyng
vd
phat trien cdc nhd mdy, co so sdn xudt, tan
dung cdc ngudn lyc gid re tai nuac tiep nhdn
dau tu nhdm khai thde thi trudng npi dia
eiing nhu xudt khdu bode mua lai cdc cdng ty
thdng qua hinh thiic sdp nhdp vd chuyen giao
(M&A). Do dd, FDI thudng gdn bd lau ddi,
mat thiet vai nuac tiep nhdn ddu tu vd khd
nit von d at khi chdng may rui ro bode khung
hoang xdy ra.
6
Viet Nam, ben canh ngudn vdn trong
nudc ddng vai trd quyet dinh, vdn ddu tu
cun PHnp rni
VICT
Nn/vi
• •
1993
- 2008
Ths.
Vo Thi Thu Ha
Trirdng Dgi hgc Hdi Phdng
nuac ngodi
Id
mpt trong nhiing
ngudn
vdn
quan trpng, trong dd
FDI

dugc coi la ngudn
vdn thich hgp ddi vai Viet
Nam
Dau tu
nude ngodi a Viet Nam hien chiem khoang
13%GDPcdnuae^
Trong thdp nien 80 vd ddu thap nien 90
the ky XX, ddng FDI vdo Viet Nam edn nhd.
Den ndm 1991, tdng vdn
FDI
a Viet Nam
mdi chi
Id
213 trieu ddla My. Tuy nhien, con
sd
FDI
dang ky da tang manh tir 1992 va dat
dinh diem vdo 1996, vdi tdng vdn dang ky
len den 8,6 ty USD Sy gia tang manh me
cua FDI a Viet Nam trong thdri gian nay la
do nhieu nguyen nhdn: Cdc nhd ddu tu nude
ngodi bi thu htit bdi tiem ndng cua mdt nen
kinh te dang trong thdi ky chuyen ddi vdi
mpt thi trudng phdn ldn cdn chua dugc khai
thde;
Cdc nhd ddu tu nuac ngodi bj hap dan
bdi hdng loai cae yeu td tich cyc khde nhu
lyc lupng lao ddng ddi ddo, gid nhdn cdng re
vd ty le bill chii cao.
Ben canh nhimg yeu td ben trong edn cd

cdc yeu td ben ngodi ddng gdp vdo viec gia
' Nguyen
Duy
Lgi:
"Ddc diem vd xu
huang
phdt triin
cua ddu
tu
true
tiip nuac
ngodi
(FDI)",
Tap chi
Nghien ciiu Chau
Au,
s6 6
(60)/2004,
tr.92.
^
Phuomg Nggc Thach (2003),
"Thu hut ddu
tit
true
tiip
nu&c ngodi
a
Vi$t
Nam:
Tdn tgi vd

kiin
nghi
",
Tap chi Phdt
triln
Kinh
tl,
thang
10/2003,
tr.
12.
^
S6
liSu
cua Cyc Dau tu nuoc
ngodi
- Bg
KI
hoach
vd Dau
tu.
'Nt.
46
NGHIEN
ClfU
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°12 {135)
J^^
tang
ciia

FDI vao Vict Nam. Thie nhdt, von
chay ddn vc eac thj trudrng
m6i
noi lrong
nhCrng nam 80 vd dau nhCrng nam 90
ciia
the
ky XX. lrong cac thi trudrng nay, Ddng Nam
A, lrong dd cd
Vipl
Nam,
la
mgt diem chinh
tiep nhan
FDI.
Nam 1990, cac nudc Ddng
Nam A thu
hiit
36% ldng ddng
FDI
den cac
nude dang phat Iricn. Thic hai, ddng vdn
nudc ngoai \ ao cae nen kinh tc qud dp khdi
xa hdi chil nghTa truac day, nai ma bp cho
rdng dang cd cac ca hpi kinh doanh mai va
thu lgi nhuan.
Thic
ha, eac nuac manh trong
\ung (cu the la Malaysia, Singapore,
Thailand, ) da bat ddu xuat khau vdn. La

mdt
nin
kinh te dang trong thdri ky qud dp or
Ddng Nam A, Viet Nam cd dugc lgi the
tii
cac yeu td ndy.
De khdi phuc vd phat trien kinh te xd
hdi,
Viet Nam da
chii
truang ma cira nen
kinh te, thyc hien cdng cudc "ddi mdri" todn
dien, trong dd cd viec hoan thien, ndng Dieu
le Dau tu nam 1977 thdnh bd Ludt Ddu tu
nudc ngodi tai Viet Nam ndm 1987. da
khang djnh sy diing ddn
ciia chii
truang,
dudng ldi mdr eira nen kinh te
ciia
Vipt Nam.
Sy ra ddri
ciia
Ludt Ddu tu nuac ngodi
t^i
Viet Nam ndm 1987 dd tao mdi trudng phdp
ly cao hon de thu
hiit
vdn ddu tu nuoc ngodi
vdo Viet Nam. Trong cdc nhd ddu tu nuac

ngodi den Viet Nam, cdc nhd ddu tu Phdp td
ra "nhanh chdn" ban ed.
L
Tinh hinh
dau tu tryc tiep cua
Phap ff
Vi^t
Nam (1993- 2008)
Vipt Nam bdt dau ban bdnh Luat Dau tu
nuac ngodi) vd khdng ngimg tang len.
Nguon von dau tu tir Phap vdo Vict Nam rat
da dang, trong dd chu ylu la dau tu tryc liep
duai hinh thiic: cdc cdng ty lien doanh (tren
50%
dy dn); xdy dyng van hdnh chuyin
giao (BOT) (gan 30%) so dy an) vd hinh thirc
cdng ty
100%)
von nuac
ngoai'
Dau tu
ciia
Phdp trong giai doan dau
(1988
-
1989)
phan ldn la cdc dy an nhd, tinh
kha thi cdn thdp. Ndm
1988,
con sd dy an

khdi dau
Id
2 vdi tdng sd vdn ddu lu la 0.2
trieu USD. Ndm
1989,
so dy an Id 6 vai tdng
sd vdn dau tu Id 53 trieu USD. Den cudi nam
1992,
tdng sd vdn hgp tac ddu tu (FDI)
ciia
Phdp tai Viet Nam la 253.2 trieu USD, vdi
40 dy dn duge cap
phep^
Ndm
1993,
chu>en
thdm chinh thirc Viet
Nam cua Tdng thdng Phap F Mitterand la
djp de cdc
CO
quan, td chirc. doanh nghiep
ciia
Phdp sang Vipt Nam tryc tiep tim hieu
CO hgi ddu tu, gdp gd \ a ddm phan vai eac
ddi lac. Chuyen thdm nay tao dieu kien thudn
lgi cho vice phdt Uien quan he song phuang
ve nhieu mdt,
ddc
biet
Id

ve hgp tdc ddu tu
lrong thdi gian tilp theo. Theo dd, ndm
1993,
Phdp dd cd tai 22 dy dn dau tu vdo Viet Nam
dugc cdp phep, trong dd cd 20 dy an dang
boat dgng vdi tdng sd vdn ddu tu
Id
236 trieu
USD'
Nhiing nam sau dd, dau tu cua Phap
f _ \
Ddu tu tryc tiep cua Phdp bdt ddu thyc
hien tai Viet Nam kl
tii
ndm
1988
(thai dilm
'Nt.
'
Dinh
M^nh
Tudn,
"Cdc hogt dong tren ITnh vuc FDI
va ODA ciia Phdp tgi Vi^t
Nam",
Tap
chi
Nghien
ciiu
chau

Au,s6
1/2001,
tr,42.
^ E)odn
T^t
Thang,
"Mdi quan h$ kinh
ti
Viet
-
Phap
vd no luc
ndng quan h$
hai nudc ten
tdm
cab
mdi
^du ttttrtia tie'fL
((ja>9^)
47
tai Viet Nam van dugc duy tri a miirc kha
cao.
Cho
din
cudi 1996, tdng
FDI
eua Phap
vao Viet Nam
Id
863,2 trieu USD, dimg thir

9 trong sd eac nuac va khu vyc dau tu d Viet
Nam, vd Id nuac chau Au dau tu nhilu nhat
vao Viet
Nam^
Nam
1997,
trong khi hdu
hit
cdc nude
deu giam lupng
FDI
vdo Viet Nam do khiing
hoang tai ehinh lien tp chdu A (1997 -
1999)
thi ddng vdn
FDI
eua Phdp vdo Viet
Nam lai tang. Truac khi xdy ra khung hodrg
tai ehinh khu vyc, ddu tu
ciia
Phdp tang ddn,
ky lue
Id
nam 1997 vai
21
dy an dugc cap
phep vai tdng sd vdn dang ky 933,7 trieu
USD^
Trong thdri ky nay, ed mdt sd dy an
ldn nhu Hgp ddng Hgp tac kinh doanh cung

cap djch vy vien thdng giira France Telecom
vdi
"dng
cdng ty Buu chinh - Vien thdng
Viet Nam (vdn ddng ky
615
trieu USD), Lien
doanh Dai sieu thj An Lac (vdn ddng ky 35
trieu USD), Cdng ty TNHH Bayer Viet Nam
san xudt thudc trir sdu (vdn dang ky 32,9
trieu USD), Cdng ty TNHH mia duang
Bourbon Gia Lai (vdn dang ky 25,5 trieu
USD).
Nguyen nhdn
Id
do cae nhd ddu tu (da
sd la Hdn Qudc vd Hdng Kdng) gap khd
khan ve tdi chinh, hon nira, mdi quan he
Phap - Viet dang tren dd phdt trien manh vd
Phap ciing da thu dugc nhCrng ket qud ddu tu
thye sy
nhChig
nam truac dd. Ciing trong
mang tinh ehiin luac ",
Tap
chi NghiSn
cuu
Chdu
Au,
s6

11/2001,
tr.68.
'
Ban Tuyen giao Trung uong, Trung tam Thong tin
cong tac Tuyen gido, Tdi lieu tham khdo,
Cgng hod
Phdp vd quan he Vi$t Nam
-
Phdp,
2008,
tr.23.
'
Phan Hffu Thdng,
"Ddu
tu
cua Phdp
se
gia
tdn^\
Ddc san
v6
quan
h?
kinh tk
ViSt
- Phdp (2007), bdo
The
giai
vd Viet
Nam,

tr.54.
nam 1997, Tong thong Phap J. Chirac da
chinh thiic sang tham Viet Nam, tham dy
Hgi nghj thupng dinh eae nuac cd sir dung
r
y
,
tieng Phap lan thir bay duge td ehire tai Ha
Ndi.
Sy kien nay da
ihiic
ddy mdi quan he
hgp tdc giira hai nuac ve nhieu mat ndi
ehung vd ddu tu ndi rieng chuyin sang mdt
trang mai.
Din
nam 1997, long so von
FDI
ciia
Phap or Viet Nam len tai
1.552
ty USD,
Phap tra thdnh nhd dau tu chau Au hang ddu
ciia
Vipt Nam vd diing thu 6 trong sd cac
nude cd von ddu tu ldn nhdt tai Viet
Nam'°
Trong hai nam 1998 va 1999, vi tri
ciia
Phdp tai Viet Nam van tiep tyc dugc ciing

ed, eiing vai viec dugc cap gidy phep ddu tu,
eae cdng ty Phdp da tich cyc tham gia thyc
hien cdc dy dn quan trgng. Rieng trong nam
1999,
Phdp cd 12 dy an dugc cap gidy phep
vai tdng sd vdn dang ky gdn 303 trieu USD,
ddn ddu trong sd 38 nuac vd viing lanh thd
cd dy an ddu tu vdo Viet Nam trong nam
ndy, chua ke cdc dy an
ciia
eae nhd dau tu
Phdp nhung ddng ky ngudn gdc lanh thd
khdc.
Ndm
1999,
ddu tu
eiia
Phap da tang len
3,6 Idn so vai ndm
1998"
Den liic ndy, Phap
da cd 125 van phdng dai dien, chiem 4,5%
trong tdng sd 2.800 van phdng nudc ngodi
tai Viet Nam. Ngodi ra cdn cd 5 chi nhanh
ngdn hdng, 5 hang ludt su vd kiem loan cua
Phdp cd mat tai Viet Nam. Khu vyc dy an
ndy da thyc hien dugc sd vdn khoang 506
trieu USD, tao viec ldm cho khoang 7.600
lao dpng true tilp cd doanh thu tren 650 trieu
'"

Dinh
Manh
Tudn,
tldd,
tr.43.
" Thfiri
bdo Kinh
xk,
"Quan he hap tdc Viet
-
Phdp",
8/12/1999,
tr.4.
48
NGHIEN
CCrU
CHAU
AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°12 (135).2011
USD'^
Tinh
din
cuoi ndm
1999,
Phdp dd cd
tren
100
dy dn cdn hipu
lyc,
v6i

s6 vln dau
tu khodng 1,6 ty USD, diing hdng
thii
bdy
trong so cae nudrc dau tu tai Vipt Nam.
Trong nhiing ndm 2000, 2001 vd 2002,
Phap lien tyc chilm vj tri cao, dung
thii
sdu
trong sd cac nuac vd viing
Idnh
tho dau tu
nhilu nhat vdo Vipt Nam. Cdc doanh nghipp
Phap da dat doanh thu len tai 1,2 ty USD,
trong dd gan 200 tripu USD la tir xuat khau.
Tinh tir ndm 1988
din
2003,
Phdp cd gan
200 dy an vd khodn dau tu ban 2,1 ty USD,
tlie 5,4% tdng gid tri cdc giay
pb^p
dugc cdp
trong thdri ky ndy, dd tao ra 10.440 vipe
Idm'^,
gdp phdn quan trgng trong viec bd
sung ngudn vdn, mdr rdng thj trudng xudt
khdu, tiep thu cdng nghe tien lien vd gidi
quyet van de viec ldm cho Viet Nam. Ndm
2001,

ddu tu vdo Viet Nam cua Phdp dat
mtic cao,
chii
yeu
Id
do viec cdp gidy phep
cho dy dn BOT Nhd mdy dien
Phii
My 2.2,
cd vdn ddng ky
Id
480 trieu USD, chiem
97%
tdng vdn ddng ky dugc cdp phep trong
ndm2001
14
Nam 2005, ddu tu cua Phdp
Id
24,7 tripu
USD vai 23 dy dn, van tdng nhung
l?ii
thap
hon ddu tu
ciia
Hd Lan (33 tripu USD vdi
10
dy dn), Dan Mach (27 tripu USD vdi 9 dy
an),
diing
thii

ba trong cdc nuac chdu Au dau
tu vdo Vipt
Nam'^
Mdc
dii
dau tu cua Phdp
'^Nt.
" Thong tdn xd Vift
Nam,
"Ddu tu eua Phdp vao Vi^t
Nam",
Tdi li?u tham khdo ddc
bi?t,
s6
22/2002.
'" Phan Huu
Thdng,
tldd, tr.54.
"
K^
Thu,
"Nhdm huu nghi Phdp
-
Vi^t ciia Hg Vi$n
Phdp thdm Vi$t
Nam",

09/12/2006.
chi diing thir ba trong cdc nu6c chau Au ddu
lu vdo Vipt Nam, song dau tu cua Phap vdo

Vipt Nam ndm 2005 dd tdng gap 4 Idn so vdi
ndm 2004 (chi dat 6,8 tripu
USD)'^
Cdc doanh nghipp Phdp tilp tuc dau tu
vdo Vipt Nam trong nam 2006, \ di mire dau
tu Ien
tcii
30,5 trieu
USD'^
Tinh
din
thdng
3/2006, Phdp dau tu vdo Viet Nam vdi tdng
so von cam
kit
khoang 2,2 ty Euro (trong do
dd thyc hipn khodng
1,19
ty Euro) cho tren
176
dy
an'*,
diing hdng thir sdu trong long sd
71
nu6c
vd viing Idnh thd dau tu a Viet Nam,
vdi tren 200 doanh
nghiep",
dimg ddu trong
so cdc nhd ddu tu chdu Au. Dieu nay cho thdy

Phdp van tiep tyc
Id
mdt ddi tdc hdng ddu cua
Viet Nam trong
ITnh \-yc
ddu tu. Ndm 2006 cd
230 doanh nghiep Phdp dang hoat ddng tai
Viet Nam (mgt sd doanh nghiep cd nhieu ea
sa tren khdp cd nuoc) \ ai 24.000 nhdn cdng,
trong dd cd 320 ngudi Phdp. Phdn ldn eac
doanh nghiep ndy boat dgng dudi dang vdn
phdng
d^
dien (37%)), cong ty lien doanh
(21%)
vd cdc chi nhdnh dgc lap
(17%)^°
Ndm 2007, Phdp diimg ddu cdc nudc
A
^
r
chdu Au vd diing thiir chin trong tdng sd 77
nuac vd lanh tho dau tu vdo Viet Nam. Tinh
den ndm 2007, Phdp cd
187
dy dn cdn hieu
16
Nt.
'^
Dodn

H?uih,
"Nhin lgi quan hi kinh
ti
Viet
-
Phdp",
Bdo Tdi chinh Vi^t
Nam,
s6
2/10/2007.
'* Thuyr
Trang,
"Phdp,
nha ddu
tu
ngodi chdu A ldn
nhdt
tgi
Vi$t
Nam",
Thdri bdo Kinh tl
Vi?t
Nam,
s6
2/10/2007,
tr.3.
"
Dodn
H?mh,
"Nhin lgi quan h? kinh

ti
Vi^t
-
Phdp",
Bdo Tdi chinh Vi§t
Nam,
s6
2/10/2007,
tr.2.
^°
ThuJ-
Trang,
tldd,
tr.3.
^dututv4^tt
tu^
(rpT>3^}
49
lye vdi 2,38 ty
USD^'
Dau tu cua Phap tap
trung chil ylu vdo djch vy (50% long vdn),
cdng nghiep (37%) tdng vdn), cdn lai
Id
ndng
nghiep.
Tir nam 1988
din
2008, Phap da ddu tu
vdo Viet Nam tdng cdng la 296 dy dn (hien

edn
187
dy dn cdn hieu lyc vai long von
thyc hien
Id
2,38 ty USD, tren tdng sd von
dang ky 3.216,2 trieu
USD)^^
Cd
thi
ndi,
day la nuac cd so dy an vd von ddu tu kha
ldn, so vai cac nuac trong Lien minh Chdu
Au (Vuong qudc
ArJi
ciing trong thdri gian
tir
1988
- 2008 cd
134
dy dn vai tdng sd von
la
2.711,1
trieu
USD)^^
2.
Co cau dau tu trurc tiep ciia Phap tai
Viet Nam (1993-2008)
Ca cdu ngdnh ddu tu cua Phdp d Viet
Nam tap trung chu yeu vdo cdng nghiep

nang, giao thdng, vien thdng, buu dipn. Day
la nhiing
ITnh
vyc rat quan trpng ddi vdi sy
phat trien kinh te Viet Nam (trong dd
ITnh
vyc vien thdng chiem 33% dau tu ciia Phdp,
22%
tap trung trong
ITnh
Vyc khdch san vd
xay dung ha tdng,
19%
trong khu vyc cdng
nghiep,
13%
trong khu vyc ndng nghiep vd
13%
trong khu vyc djch
vti)^'*.
^'
Trdn Thj Vinh, Trdn Cong Ty,
"Quan M kinh
ti
Phdp
- Viet
Nam sau Chiin tranh lanh (1993 -
2007)",
Sach "220 ndm cdch
mgng

Phdp (1789 - 2009) vd quan
he Viet - Phdp trong lich
su"
, NXB
Chfnh trj
qu6c
gia,
HaNgi,2009,tr.525.
^^
Ban Tuyen gido Trung uong, Trung tdm Thong tin
cong tdc
"Tuyen
gido, Tdi
liSu
tham khdo,
Cong hod
Phdp vd quan he
Viet
Nam
-
Phdp,
2008,
tr.23.
" Nien gidm
thing
ke ndm
2008,
T6^g cyc
Thing
ke.

^^ Xem chu
thfch 20.
Xet ve ddu tu theo dia phuang, dau tu
ciia
Phdp dugc phdn bd tuong doi dong
diu
tren 26 tinh thdnh tren lanh thd Viet Nam.
Da so dau tu
ciia
Phap tap trung tai miln
Nam (thdnh pho Ho Chi Minh, Ba Rja -
Vung Tdu ) chilm 87%, Ha Ndi va cac tinh
mien Bac chilm 20%, miln Trung chiem
mdt ty
I?
rat nhd la
2%^^
Dilu nay eho thdy,
Phap da thyc sy tin tudng vao sy phat trien
cua Viet Nam, ddng thdi danh gia cao mdi
quan he hgp tac kinh te vdi Viet Nam va coi
Viet Nam
Id
mpt ddi tac quan trpng cua
Phdp.
Ve ca cdu phdn bd FDI, vien thdng la
ITnh
vyc thu hiit dugc sy quan tam Idn nhat
cua cdc nhd ddu tu Phdp tai Viet Nam, chiem
22%

trong tdng sd dy dn vai tdng sd vdn len
tai gdn
Ity
USD, tao vipe ldm eho hon 4.200
lao dpng Den nay Viet Nam da ed mang
vien thdng tuong ddi hien dai, cd the sanh
vai vai ede nuac trong khu vyc va tren the
giai ve tdc dp phdt trien, cho phep dap ung
nhu eau ngdy cdng cao cua eae djch vy vien
thdng qudc te, Inlemet , trong dd cd sy
giiip da ddng ke cua dau tu Phap. Ngodi ra,
ddu tu cua Phdp cdn tap tnmg vdo cac
ITnh
vyc:
ddu khi, ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep, du
ljch, dich vy LTnh vyc cdng nghiep vd xay
dung diing
thii
hai trong ddu tu cua Phap vdo
Viet Nam, vdi 62 dy dn cd tdng vdn dang ky
812
trieu USD, tao viec ldm cho tren 4.500
97
lao dgng
25
Nt.
^*
Tap san quan
h^
Vifit

- Phdp ciia tudn bdo Qu6c
t6
9/2000, tr.36.
" Ban
Tuyen
gido Trung
uong,
tldd, tr.22.
50
NGHIEN
CCfU
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°12 (135 Jl
1
Xel
VL'
hinh thuc ddu tu,
FDI
cua Phdp
duge thyc hipn
chii
ylu duai hinh
thOrc
cdng
ty
lien
doanh (chilm 54% long so dy dn).
Hinh thirc hgp dong xay dyng -
v^n
hdnh -

chuyin giao (BOT), chilm 29 % long dy an,
vdi quy md trung binh la
16,24
trieu USD/dy
an. dat mire tuong doi cao so vai binh qudn
chung^^
Ngoai hai hinh thirc dau tu
chii
yeu
neu tren, Phap cdn dau lu vao Vipt Nam duai
hai hinh thirc khac, dd Id: cdng ty
100%
von
nudc ngoai (chilm
10%
sd dy dn) vd hgp
ddng hgp tdc kinh doanh (chiem 7% so dy
an)
29
Ben canh kenh hgp tdc cdp nhd nuac,
hinh thirc hgp tdc tryc tiep giira cdc dja
phuang hai nuac, cdn ggi Id hgp tdc phi tap
trung, ciing Id hinh thiire kha ddc
thii
trong
quan he Phdp - Viet. Trong vdng
15
ndm tra
lai day, hinh thiire hgp tdc ndy da dugc nhdn
rdng vd phdt trien. Theo sd lieu

ciia
Dai
sii
qudn Phdp, dd cd 777 dy dn dd ket
th'ic
bode
dang dugc trien khai, lien quan den 464 ddi
tdc Phap vd 208 ddi tdc Viet Nam tai 62/64
tinh, thdnh phd eua Vipt Nam Vipt Nam
Id
nuac nhdn dugc vipn trg phdt trien chinh
thiie Idn
thii
hai cua cdc don vj hdnh chinh
dja phuong Phdp, vai khodn tdi chinh tri gid
^*
Thoi bdo Kinh te,
"Quan h4 hap tdc Vi?l
-
Phdp ",
8/12/1999,
tr.46.
^' Dinh
Manh
Tudn,
tldd, tr.46.
'° Dai su
qudn Phdp
(5/2010),
"Vdn ki$n Hgi nghi ldn

thu 8 vi
hcrp tdc
phi
Chinh
phu giua
Vi^t Nam
vd
Phdp",
Tdi lieu
gidi thi^u
hoat dgng
hgp tdc
cua Phdp
tai
Viet
Nam.
3,69 tripu euro dau tu ndm 2006 tren
tdrtg
sd
51,05
tripu euro tdi trg cho todn the giai
3.
Nhihig ddnh gia ve dau tu
true
tiep
ciia Phdp tai
Vift
Nam (1993-2008)
Ddu tu nudc ngodi mang lgi lgi ich to
ldn doi vdi cd nudc ddu tu cUng nhu nudc

tiip nhgn ddu tu. Doi vdi nuac Phdp, dau tu
sang
Vi^t
Nam giiip ndng cao bicu qud sir
dyng nhung lgi the
or
noi tilp nhdn dau tu, ha
gid thdnh sdn phdm, ndng cao ly suat Igi
nhudn cua von dau tu vd xay dyng dugc thj
trudng cung cap nguyen
lieu
dn djnh, vdi gia
cd phdi chdng. Ddi vdri Viet Nam nudc tiep
nhdn ddu tu,
FDI
giup ddy manh tdc dp phat
trien kinh te thdng qua
viec
tao ra nhiing
doanh nghiep mdi, thu
biit
them
lao
ddng,
gidi quyet mgt phdn nan that nghiep a trong
nuac,
khdc phuc tinh trang thieu vdn keo ddi.
Theo sau
FDI Id
mdy mdc, thiet bj \a cdng

nghp mdi, giiip Viet Nam tiep can vdi khoa
hpc - ky thudt mod. Cdc td chiirc sdn xuat
trong nuoc bdt kip phuang thirc qudn
ly
cdng
nghipp hipn
d^ii,
lyc lugng lao dgng quen dan
vdi phong
each
ldm \iec cdng nghiep,
.hinh
thdnh dan dgi ngii nhung nhd doanh nghiep
gidi.
FDI cdn giiip tdng thu cho ngdn sdch
Nhd nuoc. Thong qua boat dgng dau tu tryc
tiep,
cdc cdng ty Phdp da chuyin giao nhieu
cdng nghp hipn dai vd ky ndng dap
iing
nhu
cdu phdt trien cua cdc nuac thugc
thi
gidi
thiiba.
^'
Ambassade de France au Vietnam (2005), "La
eooperationfranco-vietnammienne:
faits
et

chifferes^,
les
cahiers
de
la
coperationfrancaise
au Vietnam.
^uu tuteue
tie'fL
(Q^9^).
51
Tuy nhien, ke tir sau khiing hoang tdi
ehinh khu vyc, de nhan thay Id ddu tu cua
Phap vao Viet Nam tir nam 2000
din
2008,
hau het eae dy an duge cap phep Id eac dy an
quy md nhd dudi 5 tripu USD, khdng ke dy
an BOT nha may dien Phu My 2.2. Cae dy
an
ciia
Phap cd ty le vdn thyc hien so vai
vdn dang ky ehi dat 49%, thdp hon mure binh
quan chung cua ca nudc la
59%
Tuy hien
dimg
thii
chin trong danh sach cae nudc va
lanh thd dau tu vao Viet Nam, song dieu nay

chua thyc sy tuong xiing \ di tiem nang kinh
te
ciia
Phap ciing nhu mdi quan he giiia hai
nudc""
Qua nhieu nam hgp tac dau tu giira hai
nude,
dau tu
ciia
Phap da ed mat a nhieu tinh
va thanh phd trong nhieu
ITnh
vyc vd dudi
nhieu hinh thiic khac nhau, gdp phan quan
trpng vao cdng cudc ddi mai cua Viet Nam.
Nam
1995,
khi My da bd cam van vai Viet
Nam, sd eae cdng ty Phap tim tai Viet Nam
tang manh. Do qud ky vpng vdo viec chinh
phue thj trudng cd tai 80 trieu dan, ed ngudn
lao ddng ddi dao, re vd chat lupng
eiia
Viet
Nam, eac cdng ty Phdp da khdng ludng trudc
dugc sy phiirc tap van hod vd can benh tham
nhiing tai Viet Nam qudc gia vai xudt phdt
diem cdn thdp do chien tranh vd nhieu nam
quan ly kinh te yeu kem. Cudc khung hodng
tai ehinh chdu A da ldm gidm hdn sy nhiet

tinh eua eac nhd ddu tu vd nhieu cdng ty
Phap da bd cudc. Ong Nicolas Audier, Gidm
ddc hang
ludt
Gide Loyrette
Nouel eiia
Phap
cho biet: "Cdc cdng ly ldn khdc ciing gap
phdi
nhieng lhdi
bai ddng ki tgi
Viel
Nam md
hg chua the quen, thdi gian dd thay doi vd
r
mgt sd hdng dd thdnh cong, nhung nhung
thdt bai Igi Viel Nam vdn dm
dnh"^'*
Theo
Dai sir Nhat Ban tai Vict Nam, tren the gidi
dang ed cudc canh tranh dau tu rat khdc lict
va Viet Nam can phai nhin nhan rang mdi
trudrng dau tu
ciia
Viet Nam chua hap
dan^^
Vi vay, ngudn vdn FDI vao Viet Nam ndi
chung vd
FDI eiia
Phap ndi rieng da ed xu

hudng chung lai.
Ciing nhu eac nha dau tu nudc ngoai
khac,
eae nhd dau tu Phap ciing gap khdng it
nhirng khd khan khi dau tu vao Viet
Naih.
Vi
du, he thdng phap luat dieu hanh nen kinh te
ciia
Viet Nam chua dn dinh, hoan chinh.
Ngodi ra, tai cac ca quan va doanh nghiep
Viet Nam cdn tdn tai mdt sd hien tugng tieu
cyc,
thdi quen lam viec, le ldi hanh ehinh,
quan lieu ciing la yeu td gav can trd qua
trinh dau tu. Theo cac nha doanh nghiep
Phap:
"Cdng viec kinh doanh d Viet Nam
hien cdn cd khd nhieu thu thdch vd rui ro
Mdi trudng ludt phdp chua hodn chinh vd
thudng xuyen thay ddi, he thdng nhung quy
djnh vd che do quan lieu phien hd. "Nhung
khuyet tdt la lung" trong cung cdch ldm viec
cua cdp ca
sd"
Dd la nhiing trd ngai ldn
'^
Phan Huu Thdng, tldd, tr. 55.
"
Trdn Vu Phuong, "Ddu tu true tiip eua Phdp a Viet

Nam thai ky 1988 1996", Tap chf Nghien cuu Chau
Au,s6
5/1996,
tr.51.
^*
Thong tan xd Viet Nam, "Trien
vpng
hogt dong ddu
tu eua Phdp a Viet Nam", s6 5/10/2004,
-
"
Phuang Nggc Thach, "Thu
hiit
ddu tu
true
tiip
nude ngodi a Viet Nam: Tdn tgi vd kiin nghi ", Tap
chi Phdt
triSn
Kinh
d,
thdng
10/2003.
^*
Thai bdo Kinh
tg,
"Quan he hap tdc
Viet
- Phdp",
8/12/1999, tr.2.

52
NGHIEN
CCfU
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°l 2
(135).
011
nhat doi xdi
vice
dau lu
eiia
cac cdng ly Phdp
ndi
rieng
va cac doanh nghipp phuang Tay
ndi chung - nhCrng doanh nghipp dd quen
hoat dpng trong mdt mdi trudrng quy
cii,
vdi
nhung luat chai chat
che,
bai ban va xa la vdi
tap quan kinh doanh day bat trac d Vict
Nam. Dieu nay cung ly giai vi sao eac nudc
\a liinh thd chau A khac nhu Dai Loan,
Singapore, Trung Quoc
ludn
dan dau lrong
dau lu van Vict Nam. Hicn nay, ngoai trir
mpt nhdm cac cdng ty cd

ten
tudi nhu
iTanee
Telecom,
lileelricitc
de
l-rancc
vd Group
Bourbon, nhieu cdng ty lan
eiia
Phap van
chua cd mat tai Vict Nam.
Ben canh dd, mac
dii
Viet Nam da ed
chinh sach hdi nhap kinh le qudc te tam
chien luge, song mdt sd chinh sach trong
ngan han thudng xuyen thay ddi, nhieu khi
khdng nhat quan, thieu dn djnh, anh budng
den sy hap dan
ciia
mdi trudng dau tu (chinh
sach thue. quy djnh ve ty le ndi dja hod lien
quan den xuat khau ) nen chua tao cho ban
hang Phap ldng tin, yen tam ldm dn lau ddi
vdi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam.
Hon niia, do trdi qua khiing hoang tdi
chinh - tien lc, nen nhu cdu thu hut ddu tu
nude ngodi
ciia

khu vyc Ddng Nam A de tdi
thiet va phat trien nen kinh le rat cap bach.
Cac nudc a khu vyc Ddng Nam A deu dua ra
nhiing ehinh sach hap dan eac nhd ddu nuac
ngoai, dac biet, Trung Qudc Id thi trudng ddu
tu cd sire canh tranh rdt manh
tii
khi tra
thdnh thdnh vien cua Td chiic Thuong mai
Ihl gioi (WTO). Trong khi dd, chinh sach
dau lu nudrc ngodi
ciia
Viet Nam cdn nhieu
han cbl, Igi
Ibl
so sanh
ciia
Vict Nam bj
kem
di rat nhilu. Quy md
ciia
thi trudrng Viet
Nam van cdn nhd so vai nhilu nuac chau A
khac nlu tinh tong thu nhap qudc dan (GDP)
va thu nhap quoc dan tinh theo dau nguai, do
dd cac cdng ty Idn va da qudc gia
den
lir
chau Au ndi chung vd Phap ndi
riC-ng.

chi
danh gid Vict Nam la mdt thi trudng ndm
lrong chiln
luge
chdu A
ciia
hg. Cdc cdng ty
nhd rat than trgng khi tiln hdnh dau lu ngan
han, gidm manh cac boat ddng dau tu va mpt
so muon rut khdi Viet Nam, sd khac
lai
chua
coi thj trudng Viet Nam Id quan trpng trong
giai doan nay.
Ket luan
DOmg
hdng
Ihir
ehin trong sd cac nudc
vd vimg Idnh thd cd ngudn \ on dau tu vao
Viet Nam, Phap hipn Id nuac chdu Au cd
quan hp khdng kbit
\a'\
Viet Nam tren ITnh
\
yc FDI, tuy van cdn nhirng tra ngai nhu ca
cdu ddu tu chua hgp ly, thu tyc hdnh chinh,
mdi trudng ddu tu
\a
phdp ly chua thuan

Igi, can phdi dugc cd hai ben ciing thao ga,
khdc phuc. Trong thdri gian tiep theo, boat
ddng
ciia
Phdp trong
ITnh
vyc
FDI
ndi rieng
vd mdi quan he tren tdt cd cdc mat ndi chung
se duy tri vd phdt trien tdt dpp theo
phiiang
chdm:
hUcu
nghi truyin thong, hgp tdc loan
dien,
Idu
ddi vd tin cdy trong thi ky XXL