English in United Kingdom Thuyết trình môn Đa dạng Tiếng Anh

English in
United
Kingdom
Group2:
Phạm Thiên Bình 187na23056
Dương Diệp Như Huỳnh 187na00575
Đặng Ngọc Thạch 187na15921
Lê Thị Thuỳ Duyên 187na11033
Ngô Thành Tài 187na08940


Scotland

Ireland

English and Scottish Gaelic

English, Ulters Scots
and Gaelic

Wales
English & Welsh (Cymraeg)

England
English


England


RP (Received Pronouncition)

● RP is a way of pronouncing
British English that is often
considered to be the
standard accent.



FOOT – STRUT
(/fʊt/ - / strʌt/)
The high awareness of unsplit FOOT – STRUT  [ə] ( Cup: [kəp] )
Liverpool/Scouser accent:

• Water

• Up

• Look

• Shut

• Come



Grammar
● double or multiple negation (I couldn’t find none nowhere)
● ‘nonstandard never’ (using never for not)

● “Seemingly switched” (the man what was dring the car, the man

as was driving the car)

Pronouns: the use of “three-dimensional” demonstratives.
Standard English: this/that.
The north (Ireland): This/that/yon
The West Country: thease/that/thik


Verb:
Stadard English: the verb conjugates according to the subject.

•
•

Singular verb: One person/place/thing…
Plural verb: multiple people/places/things…
ex: I like it – She likes it

•

To be: Am, Is, Are.
ex: He is / She is / They are


•

In the West Country: Use of Do as a marker of aspect:

I see
(a single event)

I do see
(a habitual or repeated action)

Ex: I do love you / I did love you

•

BE: used for all subject (singular/plural)


Lexicon
In the modern dialects there is much less differentiation between dialect words,
although the vocabulary used in certain areas of social life, such as food and
drink, is still regionally variable and quite confusing.

Standard English

Police

Bizzies

Trousers

Kecks

ReallyHappy

Made up

Bad Mood

Cob on

Drink

Bevvy

Food

Scran

Cigarettes

Bifters

Scouser / Liverpool


England vs Wales
• Welsh alphabet has 29 ( A, b, c, ch, d, dd, e, f, ff, g, ng, h, i, j, l, ll, m, n, o, p,
ph, r, rh, s, t, th, u, w, and lastly y), including 8 diagraphs (+ Ch, Dd, Ff, Ng, Ll,
Ph, Rh, and Th)
• They doesn’t have the letters J, K, Q, V, X and Z
• The letter "J" has only recently become more familiar and accepted in the
Welsh alphabet for borrowed words. Ex: garage = garej



Pronunciation

●

Welsh has no silent characters.

➙ Ex: gwlân (wool), gwneud (do), gwraidd (root)
●

English speakers learning Welsh as a second language for how
"straightforward" it is.


Grammar
My friend and I go to the
store.​

"Hele māua me kaʻu hoaaloha i ka hale kūʻai"

Go my friends and I the store.​

England

Wales

S+V+O

V+S+O

"his name is John"

Lexicon
•

Their different roots give Welsh and English little
vocabulary in common – but English and Welsh
have adopted countless loanwords from each
other through the years.
Ex:

o “bach”

⇄

“small”

o “dawns"

⇄

“dance”

o “cwestiwn” ⇄

o “golff”
o

"iard”

"question”

⇄ “golf”
⇄ "yard"


Scotland is a part of the United
Kingdom, but it was an
independent State until 1707

SCOT x ENG
A minority speak Scottish Gaelic (1%) which
is very different from English.
EX: ‘What is your name?’
‘Dè an t-ainm a tha ort?’

Scotland
Scotland

Scottish Standard
English
- Standard English spoken with a Scottish accent
“and retaining a few scotticisms in vocabulary”​


Phonology
The number of distinct vowels in the
Scots vowel system varies by location, ranging
from 8 to 12, however there are at least 8
phonemes.

● /ɪ, ɛ, ʌ, a/ are checked vowels

ex: PILOT /paelɪt/; DRESS /ɛ/; STRUT /ʌ/; TRAP/ PALM/ BATH /a/

● /ɔ, ʉ, i, e, o/ are free

i.e. they may occur in both open and closed syllables

ex: LOT/THOUGH /ɔ/; FOOT/GOOSE /ʉ/; flEEce /i/; happY /e/; gOat /o/

● /ø/ - the lack vowel phoneme of ScStE which is
merged in most dialects with either /e/ or /ɪ/
<ui,eu> ex: good and beuk


Phonology - Consonants
● SSE has kept syllable-initial /hw/ as in what, which, whisky, overwhelm,…
● In some parts of Shetland, <wh> is realised as /kw/, and <qu> sometimes
with hypercorrect /hw/: [‘kwɪski] ‘whisky’, [hwin] ‘queen’.
● In the north-east of mainland Scotland, <wh> is realised as /f/, making what
virtually homophonous with 'foot'
● In traditional Shetland accents there are no dental fricatives
ex: [tink] ‘think’, [der] ‘there’, [da] ‘the’


Grammar - morphology
●

Nonstandard features abound in the past tense and past participle forms of verbs.
ex:
sellt - ‘sold’
killt - ‘killed’

⇄

irregular verbs have become regular

driv - ‘drove’
taen - ‘took’

⇄

other irregular forms

forgot - ‘forgotten’

⇄

was used in earlier forms of Standard English

Went - 'gone'

⇄

was used in Older Scots.

Ken - ‘know’ - kent

⇄

past tense and past participle

Gie - ‘give’ - gied
gien

⇄

past tense
past participle

Shune - ‘shoes’
Een - ‘eyes’

⇄

Irregular plurals verb


Grammar - morphology
●

In Orkney and Shetland there is firm retention of two forms of address: informal
du vs formal (singular) you.

●

Scots have a three-dimensional demonstrative system, similar to that of the north

of England, that is this/that/yon.

ex: yon oil companies, yon Southfork

Look over yon !!!!


Grammar - syntax
• No/ Not = Nae/ n't

She isNAE leavingg!!!

• Lack shall/may/ought
(replaced by will in all contexts)
Will I pour the coffee?

• A striking characteristic of Scots is
the use of double modals in
They might could be
finishing their work on time.

•

Progressive constructions are used with
stative verbs
I wasnae liking it and the lassie I
was going wi wasnae liking it


Grammar - syntax
• Like WelshE, Scots often has an invariant tag. The Scots version
is e, which may be added to positive as well as negative
declarative clauses. The tag e no is also used, added to positive
clauses, that is a system like that used in Standard English

(you’re liking this, e /no/?).
• In Scots the definite article is used before nouns denoting
institutions and certain periods of time:

the day - ‘today’, the morn - ‘tomorrow’, at the kirk - ‘at church’.


Lexicon
•

Scots includes lexical items that will be completely opaque to someone conversant
witth Standard English only. ( Old English+ Gaelic+ Old Norse+ Latin+ etc.)

•

Early Scots shared a great deal of its vocabulary with Northern Middle English,

including most of its borrowings from Scandinavian languages.
ex:

•

o

Gate - ‘road’

o

Lass - ‘girl’

o

Kirk - ‘church’

o

Lowse - ‘loose’

o

Big - ‘build’

o

Rowan - ‘mountain ash’

On the whole, Scots law has its own, largely Latin-based vocabulary.


Ireland
English (99%)
The English language was first taken to Ireland in
the late twelfth century and despite many
vicissitudes has remained there since, becoming
the first language of the majority of the
population in the course of several centuries

Irish – Geailge (41%)
Gaelic is widely spoken in the Gaeltacht

regions, mainly along the west coast.