E14 tips to fix photo errors of any camera

Tips to fix photo errors of any camera
or what lens ?

Tips for fixing photos taken with any camera or lens
Here's how to use Lightroom to fix 8 common camera problems, courtesy of
MakeUseOf:
1. Dust on the sensor sticks to the image

The red circled is the sensor on the camera


Dust and dead spots on the sensor are two completely different problems, but they
both have the same fix. When replacing or removing the lens, the sensor is exposed
and dust can completely get in. Some cameras have a self-cleaning feature for the
sensor, or you can clean it yourself with a dedicated dust blower (don't touch the
sensor directly as it will make things worse).


The white dots when the Visualize Spots mode is turned on in Lightroom is the dust on
the captured sensor - Photo: Tipsquirrel


If you forget to clean the dust before taking photos, the situation that the photos taken
are also dusty is inevitable. With Lightroom, you can easily fix this error:
- Step 1: Open Develop mode -> select the Spot Removal Tool feature (or press the Q
key on the keyboard).
- Step 2: Select Heal.
- Step 3: Mark the tick next to the words Visualize Spots below the image, drag the
slider next to adjust the white balance, the higher the better.
- Step 4: Enlarge the image. The tiny white dots are dust stains from the captured
sensor (pictured above).

- Step 5: Adjust the circle size to select the area that fits the dust particle size
- Step 6: Click (or hold down the left mouse button and drag the circle around
[including]) the dust stain.
- Step 7: Repeat with other dust particles until done.

The Spot Removal Tool feature will replace the object with details and colors blended
from the surrounding points. With small objects such as dust or dead spots, we can
easily remove them without any further customization.


You can copy and apply the above customizations to all other photos with Lightroom's
Sync feature:
- Step 1: Select the processed image
- Step 2: In the Film Strip view, hold down Ctrl (Windows) or Cmd (Mac) and select all
the remaining photos.
- Step 3: Select Sync -> Spot Removal -> Synchronize.


2. Dead pixels (Dead pixels, stuck pixels and hot pixels)

From left: Dead pixel, stuck pixel, hot pixel - Photo: Premiumbeat
With dead pixels, there is a similar fix.
- Dead pixels: the points are completely damaged and no longer receive electricity, so
when the image is up, it will be black.


- Stuck pixels can disappear over time and always show 1 of 3 colors: red, green, blue
or a mix of these 3 colors.
- Hot pixels only appear when the sensor is hot (during high ISO shooting, long
exposure shooting, …).

Most cameras have firmware that handles hot pixels, some can even handle stuck pixels
or dead pixels. Lightroom can automatically identify the pixels above and process it
according to its own algorithm.
If you have turned on Lightroom but can't see it all, you can use the Spot Removal Tool
in item 1 to fix the error yourself.
3. Lens Distortions


From left to right: Types of image distortion, Vignetting - Photo: Quora, Lacolorpros
Distortion is a common phenomenon due to the optical design of the lens. Image
distortion can be divided into four types:
- Barrel distortion: Straight lines in the image are bulging around like fisheyes or wine
barrels, common on wide-angle lenses.
Pincushion distortion: Contrary to convex distortion, distortion is a condition in which a
straight line in an image is distorted inward, which is common on telephoto lenses.
- Vignetting: Due to the physical design of the lens or by adjusting the angle of light
entering the sensor, the resulting image is darker in 4 corners.
- Chromatic aberration: The different waves of light after refracting through the lens do
not focus on the same point, creating a color border running around the object in the
image (usually objects in bright areas, high contrast).
Lightroom supports multiple profiles for different lenses to automatically correct
distortion. If your lenses are supported by Lightroom, you can take advantage of them,
otherwise you have to fix it manually.
4. Correct the image that is bulging out or inward (Barrel/Pincushion Distortion)
You can check the image distortion of the lens by placing the camera in front of a large
brick wall and then shooting it, remember to have a tripod to keep the camera from
shaking.


After taking the shot, you will see more or less distortion in the resulting image to

resolve in Lightroom. Of course, this is a physical phenomenon due to the
characteristics of the lens, just inspection or post-production in certain cases, not a lens
fault.

- Step 1: Open Develop mode -> scroll down to Adjustment -> Lens Corrections.


- Step 2: Check the box Enable Profile Corrections, if your lens has a supported profile,
Lightroom will automatically apply it.
- Step 3: If not, uncheck the box Enable Profile Corrections and then switch to the
Manual tab.
- Step 4: Slide the slider below the Distortion section to the left to correct the distorted
image inward, to the right to correct the image that is protruding.
- Step 5: If you slide to the right, select the Constrain Crop item so that Lightroom can
automatically process the white parts that may appear around the image border when it
is squeezed to straighten.

Once you're done editing, you can save the setting as a preset for future use without
re-editing. Also in Develop mode -> select New Preset -> enter preset name ->
uncheck all except Lens Corrections > Lens Distortion. Select Create to create a new
preset.
5. Adjust the image to be dark in 4 corners (Vignetting)
Lenses supported by Lightroom can also fix vignetting on their own. If not, here's how
to do it manually.


Also in the Lens Correction section -> select Manual. In the Vignetting function, slide
the arrow on the Amount bar until the brightness in the four corners matches the rest
of the image.
You can also save your settings as a separate preset (the same way as item 3) or save

the same preset with item 3.
6. Correcting aberrations


Just check the Remove Chromatic Aberration box in the Lens Corrections section to
have Lightroom automatically remove the colored border around the object.
To fine-tune the effect manually, switch to the Manual tab -> slide the Defringe slider,
use the eyedropper tool to select the colored outlines in the image, then slide the
Amout bar to remove them.
Although it is a phenomenon caused by the lens, not all images will have aberrations so
there is no need to apply them to all imported images, just save to a separate preset,
apply only to any image ( how to create presets in item 3).
7. Image noise (noise)
Noise is the phenomenon of multiple points with random colors and different
brightness. This usually happens when the sensor's light sensitivity is increased (such as
when setting the ISO to high in a dark environment) or when the sensor gets hot (such
as when shooting long exposures).
Most cameras enable noise reduction when shooting in normal format (JPEG). RAW
images are often more noisy, which can be handled with Lightroom.

Image noise is of two types:
- Color noise: It's very annoying at first glance, but it's also very easy to fix. Color noise
is simply a mixture of the colors of the surrounding pixels and does not affect the image
quality too much.
- Luminance noise: the difference in the brightness of each pixel. Removing
monochrome noise is to make the image smoother, the pixels are blurred.
How to reduce image noise with Lightroom:
- Step 1: In Develop mode, select Detail -> find the Noise Reduction section.

- Step 2: For JPEG images, the default values are set at 0, for RAW images, the Color
section is set to 25. Usually these values are enough to reduce image noise.
- Step 3: Zoom in on the image, start sliding the Luminance bar to the right.
- Step 4: Restore details and add micro-contrast with Details and Contrast sliders.
- Step 5: In some cases noise can be re-created if detail recovery, you need to repeat
from step 3 until you are satisfied.

Noise reduction works best when applied to individual images, or to multiple images at
once with the same light.
8. White balance problem


Adjusting the white balance is essential for accurate color output. While our eyes can
automatically adjust color temperature according to various light sources, the camera
sensor cannot do that. Photos taken under fluorescent lights are somewhat "cooler" and
greener, in the sun, they feel hot and yellow. Correct white balance correction will
remove those casts.
Most people set the white balance automatically when taking photos, which is
necessary if you forget to adjust when the weather suddenly changes during the shoot.
But auto white balance doesn't always give perfect results. Sometimes the camera
automatically adjusts too much, the image is too cold or too warm, now you need to
correct it after shooting with Lightroom.

-Step 1: In Develop mode -> select Basic -> White Balance (WB) is the first option.
- Step 2: If it is a RAW image, click the drop down arrow to see all the white balance
preset available, select the most suitable settings for shooting conditions and see the
results.
- Step 3: If it is a JPEG photo, you must adjust it by hand. First, select the Eyedropper
icon (WB pen image).
- Step 4: Show out the image, use Eyedropper to choose the most neutral color area. In

most conditions, the gray (or white) area.
- Step 5: Click on the neutral zone to see the change, repeat it until satisfied with the
results.
9. exposure issues


Surfing the photography forums, you will see many people complain of their cameras to
adjust the measurement speed too slowly, the image is missing or burning a little bit
compared to the actual brightness. The simplest solution is to adjust the lighting
compensation to +1/3 or -1/3. If the direct adjustment is not convenient, you can
handle post -production with Lightroom.
In Lightroom, each number on the Exposure slider corresponds to a light stop. Pull the
slider to +1 to double the amount of light and vice versa.

Exposure compensation can also be adjusted in Library mode, but instead of dragging
the slider, you will click the arrow to adjust it in steps, each step corresponds to 1/3.
When you're satisfied, you should save it as a separate preset to apply later, the same
way as in section 3. If not, you can set up Lightroom to automatically apply exposure
correction to all images taken from that camera in Develop mode, as shown below.
10. Change default values in Develop

There are quite a few settings that are recommended to be saved as separate presets


for future application, helping to fix problems caused by the camera (or lens) with a
single mouse click. But instead of applying a preset manually, you can set Lightroom to
apply that preset to all photos taken from a camera in future imports, great for
adjusting exposure or reducing noise. .

- Step 1: Click Reset at the bottom of the Adjustment panel to make sure all other

settings are set to default. Next, customize only the settings you need (for example,
turn the light up to +1/3).
- Step 2: Hold down the Alt key to change the Reset button to Set Default…, click it
(pictured above).
- Step 3: A dialog box appears, click Update to Current Settings to confirm (picture
below). The dialog box with this change warning cannot be undone, but that does not
mean that they are applied permanently, just cannot be undone with the Ctrl + Z
keyboard shortcut.

This change applies to each image format and camera model but not to lenses, which
means that if applied to JPEG images, RAW images will not be affected, which is great
for working with many other cameras. together.
To reset to the original factory settings, click the Restore Adobe Default Settings button.


All of the above tips aim to overcome limitations on cameras and lenses in a simple
way, saving you time so you can comfortably capture your favorite photos. Good luck!