Thức giả định bình boong

SUBJUNCTIVES (THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH)
I.Khái niệm: Là cách động từ diễn tả những gì trái thực tế hoặc chưa thực hiện hoặc những gì
trong tiềm thức.
II. Phân loại : 3 loại
1. hiện tại giả định : *……..(that) + S + (should) Vnt cho tất cả các chủ ngữ
*Cách dùng:
Khi mệnh đề đi sau
a, Các động từ sau

1

demand : yêu cầu

6

require : đòi hỏi, yêu cầu

11

recommend : khuyên/giới thiệu

2

command : ra lệnh

7

urge : thúc giục

12

suggest: gợi ý

3

decree : ra sắc lệnh

8

ask : yêu cầu

13

stipulate : quy định

4

order : ra lệnh

9

insist : khăng khăng

14

prefer : muốn

5

request: yêu cầu, đề
nghị

10

advise : khuyên

15

propose : đề nghị

VD: The boss demands that you be on time.
b. Các tính từ sau:
1

vital : quan trọng

6

obligatory : bắt buộc

2

important : quan trọng

7

mandatory : thuộc lệnh

3

necessary : cần thiết

8

urgent : cấp bách

4

necessary : cần thiết

9

imperative : cấp bách

VD: It's vital that he tell the truth.
c. Các danh từ sau:
Các danh từ xuất phát từ các động từ và tính từ trên: VD suggestion, recommendation, proposal,….
VD: There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking
d. Các trường hợp khác:
–Ước muốn, lời nguyền
● Long live Vietnam. (Việt Nam muôn năm !)
● God save the Queen (Cầu mong thượng đế ban phước cho Nữ Hoàng )
● God bless you" (Cầu mong thượng đế ban phước lành cho bạn.)

1


-If that be +(a)/(n)/ (pro) : nếu điều đó là.….
VD. If that be right, then it would be no defense for this man to say he is innocent : nếu điều đó là
đúng thì khơng có gì cản trở người này nói anh ta vơ tội
-Then so be it : cứ phải vậy thôi:

VD. If we have to my 2000$, then so be it: nếu chúng ta phải trả 2000$ thì cứ phải trả thơi.
Lưu ý: Nếu muốn cấu tạo phủ định đặt not sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể không "to"
It is necessary that he find the books.
It is necessary that he not find the books.
Dạng khác:
It is necessary for him to find the books.
It is necessary for him not to find the books.
2. Quá khứ giả định: S+ V-ed/qktd (were) cho tất cả các chủ ngữ
*Động từ to be có thể dùng was / were nhưng trong văn phong trang trọng thì dùng were
Cách dùng: diễn tả 1 hành động hoặc 1 sự kiện trái với hiện tại/TL/thực tế chung
a. Trong mệnh đề ĐK của câu Đk 2
b. Sau imagine/ What if / Suppose/ Supposing: Để diễn tả điều giả định hoặc điều khơng có khả
năng xảy ra ở hiện tại TL
Supposing you were given a lot of money, what would you do? (Giả sử bạn được cho nhiều
tiền thì bạn sẽ làm gì ?)
c. Sau wish/ If only diễn tả ước muốn trái với hiện tại: S+ (wish) (that)/ If only+ S + Vqkd/qktd
I wish / If only I knew his address. (thật ra tôi không biết địa chỉ của anh ta)
I wish/ If only I were rich
I wish/ If only I were earning a high salary.
d. Sau would rather/ would sooner: Muốn ai làm gì ở hiện tại/ TL/nói chung
*S+ would rather+ (that) +S+ Vqkd/(qktd)
I'd rather you didn't smoke.
e. Sau “as if / as though": diễn tả hành động khơng có thật ở hiện tại/TL / nói chung ( dịch là
“cứ như thể”)
S+ (V) As if/as though + +Vqkd/(qktd)
VD: It's very cold today. It looks as if/as though it were autumn now.(thực ra bây giờ đang là mùa hè)
f.Sau cấu trúc : It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + S + Ved: đã đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì
ở hiện tại/TL/nói chung.
VD: The exam is coming. It's time they worked hard. (Note: dạng khác: It's time for Sb to V): It's
time for us to start.

3. Quá khứ hoàn thành giả định: S+ had PII
Cách dùng:
a. Trong mệnh đề Đk của câu Đk3
b. -Sau Imagine /What if / Suppose/ Supposing: Để diễn tả điều giả định hoặc điều khơng có khả
năng xảy ra ở quá khứ
VD: It was not true but what if you had become a famous model?
c. sau : wish/ if only : diễn đạt ước muốn trái sự thật ở quá khứ
2


S+(wish) + (that)/ If only + S + had PII : thể hiện sự tiếc nuối trong quá khứ
VD: I wish/ If only I hadn't spent so much money.(sự thực là tôi đã tiêu rất nhiều tiền)
I wish/ If only I had seen the film last night. (sự thực là tôi không xem phim tối qua)
d. Sau as ‘if/ as though’ : diễn tả thành động khơng có thật ở quá khứ
S+ (V) + as if/as though +S+ had PII
The whole were seriously damaged. It looks as if it had been destroyed by bombs. (thực ra đó là do
động đất )
e. sau “would rather/ would sooner": khi muốn ai làm giờ quá khứ
*S1+ would rather/ would sooner + (that) +S2 + had PII
I'd rather you hadn't gone to school late yesterday
III. Các công thức đầy đủ với : wish/ if only; as if / as though; would rather
1. "Wish/ if only " sentence
A. S+ (Wish) + to do; / wish somebody something; / wish somebody to do something.
- I wish to pass the entrance exam.
- I wish you happy birthday.
- I wish you to become a good teacher.
B. S+ (Wish) (that)/ If only+ S+Vqkd/(qktd) : thể hiện sự nuối tiếc trong hiện tại, điều khơng có
thật ở hiện tại / TL /Tình huống nói chung
- I wish/ If only I knew his address. (thật ra tôi không biết địa chỉ của anh ta)
- I wish/ If only I were rich

C. S+ (Wish) (that) | If only + S + had PIL: thể hiện sự tiếc nuối trong quá khứ
- I wish/ If only I hadn't spent so much money.(sự thực là tôi đã tiêu rất nhiều tiền)
- I wish/ If only I had seen the film last night. (sự thực là tôi không xem phim tối qua)
D. S+ (wish) (that) / If only +S+ would + Vnt:
Were +ving
Were going to V
phàn nàn hoặc muốn thay đổi tình huống hiện tại
I wish/ If only they would stop making noise.
I wish/ If only it would stop raining hard in summer.
E. S+ (wish)+ (that )/ If only + S+ could + Vnt: Ước muốn về khả năng/ cho phép ở HT/ TL/ nói
chung
- I wish/ If only I could find a job
F. S+ (wish)+ (that / If only + S+ could + have+ PII: Ước muốn về khả năng cho phép ở quá khứ
- I wish / If only I could have passed the exam last year..
*Lưu ý: a. Khi “wish” ở QK (wished) thi V đi sau nó vẫn có thể dùng QKĐ/QKTD cho ước
muốn ở HT/TL/ước muốn nói chung:
- He wished that he had a bigger house
- I wished I were earning a reasonable salary.
b. Không đúng “would” khi S của 'wish' và S của “would” là một
3


I wish/ If only I would have much money (sai) would have →had
He wishes/ If only he would earn more (sai) would earn →earned
c. Để diễn tả ước muốn về tương lai có thật/ có khả năng xảy ra ta không dùng “wish" mà
thường dùng ‘hope’ thay thế
VD :I wish I will have much money (x) → I hope I will have much money/ I hope to have much
money
2. "As if/as though" sentence
A. S+ (V) + As if/as though +S+Vqkd/qktd: diễn đạt hành động khơng có thật ở hiện tại/TL/nói

chung
Vd: It's very cold today. It looks as if/as though it were autumn now (thực ra bây giờ đang là mùa hè)
He acts as if he were making a million pounds a month.
B. S+ (V)As if/as though +S + had PII: diễn đạt hành động khơng có thật ở q khứ
VD: The whole were seriously damaged. It looks as if it had been destroyed by bombs ( thực ra đó là
động đất)
C. S+ (V)+ As if/ as though+S+V (đúng thì) (ht/ (be) going to/ QK): diễn đạt hành động có thật.
1.He appears running from a fierce dog → It looks as if he is running from a fierce dog.
2.It's very cloudy → It looks as if it is going to rain.
3. She was rich → She looked as if she was rich.
D. as if /as though
( 2 MĐ cùng S)

+ Ving : He ran off to the house as if escaping (chủ động)
+ P2 : He fell to the Boor as if hit by a bullet (bị động)
+ To V : As if to remind him, the clock struck 11. (chỉ mục đích)

4. Would rather

I'd rather go home now.
I'd rather have helped you yesterday.
I'd rather you didn't smoke.
I'd rather you hadn't gone to school late yesterday.
*Lưu ý: 1.S+ would rather do sth than do sth: Thích...hơn….
We'd rather walk than take a bus
2. Muốn người khác làm gì (Có thể xảy ra hoặc không)
S1 would rather (that)+ S2 + Vnt: I would rather that you call me tomorrow
S1+ would rather (that)+S2+ not+ Vnt : I would rather that you not call me tomorrow

4

3.Có thể dùng thì hiện tại thay cho q khứ sau các từ /cụm từ ‘imagine /What if /Suppose
/Supposing’ để diễn tả tình huống có khả năng xảy ra:
Supposing you become a billonaire, what will you do? (có khả năng xảy ra)
Supposing you became a billonaire, what would you do? (khơng có khả năng xảy ra )

BÀI TẬP

Exercise 2: Find a mistake in each following sentence and correct it.
Question 1: Henry would rather that his girlfriend work in the same department as he does.
Question 2: It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stops smoking.
Question 3: It is high time I had left for the airport.
Question 4: It is important that we be talked about how developed countries have solved the
urbanization problems and propose some solutions to those in Viet Nam.
Question 5: Is it really necessary that we included new information in the conclusion?
Question 6: It is recommended that the presentation were no more than 15 minutes.
Question 7: I suggest that we focused on its advantages and disadvantages.
Question 8: Our Geography teacher also advised that we will talk about issues that are familiar and
important to our classmates.
Question 9: It is important that he gets into a good university.
Question 10: The teacher demanded that the classroom clean immediately.
Question 11: It is vital that people allow to choose where to live.
Question 12: She requested that everyone in my class attends her presentation.
Question 13: It is crucial that urban people don’t look down on rural people.
Question 14: Her parents insisted that she studies hard for GCSE.
Question 15: The doctor suggested that his patient does not stop smoking.
Question 16: This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I catch the earlier train.
Question 17: Santiago wishes he didn't spend so much money last night.
Question 18: Bob would rather that Jill went to class yesterday.

Question 19: It is imperative that everyone knows what to do when there is a fire.
Question 20: Public opinion demands that an inquiry held.
Question 21: Marry would rather that her boyfriend would keep his promise.
Question 22: The teacher asked that we stopped talking in the class.
Question 23: It has been suggested that children will study hard.
Question 24: Jennifer would rather she did not leave her phone at home yesterday.
Question 25: If this were proven right, you will be considered innocent.
5


Question 26: It has been suggested that he forgets the election.
Question 27: It was recommended that we will wait for the authorities.
Question 28: The landlord requested that John moves out of the apartment.
Question 29: The company asked that employees do not accept personal phone calls during business
hours.
Question 30: It has been proposed that we will change the topic.
Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
Question 1: I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I______the book from which it was made.
A.have read
B. had read
C. should have read
D. am reading
Question 2: You are late. If you______a few minutes earlier, you______him.
A.came/would meet
B. had come/would have met
C.come/will meet
D. had come/would meet
Question 3: I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he______everything.
A.knew

B. knows
C. has known
D. had known
Question 4: His doctor suggested that he______a short trip abroad.
A.will take
B. would take
C. take
D. took
Question 5: We might have failed if you______us a helping hand.
A.have not given
B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give
Question 6: The law requires that everyone______his car checked at least once a month.
A.has
B. have
C. had
D. will have
Question 7: He was busy yesterday, otherwise he______to the meeting.
A.would come
B. would have been C. could have been
D. would be
Question 8: If there were no subjunctive mood, English______much easier.
A.will be
B. would have been
C. could have been
D. would be
Question 9: I don't understand this point of grammar. I wish I______it better.
A.understood
B. would understand
C. had understood
D. understand

Question 10: It never stops raining here. I wish it______raining.
A.stopped
B. would stop.
C. had stopped D. stops
Question 11: I should never have said that. I wish I______that.
A.didn't say
B. wouldn't say C. hadn't said
D. don’t say
Question 12: I miss my friends. I wish my friends______here right now.
A.were
B. would be
C. had been
D. are
Question 13: I speak English terribly. I wish I______English well.
A.spoke
B. would speak. C. had spoken D. speaks
Question 14: I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it ______quiet.
A.kept
B. would keep
C. had kept
D. will keep
Question 15: -“What will you do during winter vacation?”
6


-“I don’t know, but it’s about time______something.”
A.I decided.
B. I’ll decide
C. I’d decided
D. I’m deciding

Question 16: He was very busy yesterday, otherwise, he______to your birthday party.
A.would come
B. came C. would have come D. should come
Question 17: The two strangers talked as if they______friends for years.
A.should be.
B. had been. C. have been
D. were
Question 18: It is about time you______harder for the next exam.
A.work.
B. are working
C. worked
D. have worked
Question 19: The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe. It looks as if it______down.
A.would fall
B. falls
C. is falling
D. is going to fall
Question 20: Team rules require that each player______responsible for memorizing one rule and then
for teaching that rule to all of the players.
A.is
B. was
C. be
D. were
Question 21: To avoid unnecessary injury, the coach insisted that the players' tackling drills______on
the proper way to fall down.
A.focused
B. focus.
C. were focused D. to focus
Question 22: I wish I______to retake my exams.
A.do not have

B. will not have.
C. am about
D. did not have
Question 23: The spaceman felt as if he______in a paradise.
A.had fallen
B. falls.
C. fall
D. has fallen
Question 24: He looked frightened as if he______a ghost.
A.has seen
B. had seen.
C. were
D. saw
Question 25: I wish another more effective teaching method______used.
A.is
B. was
C. were
D. has been
Question 26: She wishes she______a fairy now.
A.was.
B. were
C. is
D. are
Question 27: She spent money as if she______plenty of it.
A.have
B. had
C. had had
D. should have
Question 28: The emperor demanded that the thief______brought before him.
A.were

B. will be.
C. was
D. be
Question 29: She talks too much but I wish she______.
A.didn't.
B. doesn't
C. won't
D. wouldn't
Question 30: They will drink wine but I wish they______.
A.didn't
B. don't.
C. won't
D. wouldn't
Question 31: I demand that he______immediately.
A.apologize
B. shall apologize
C. will apologize D. has apologized
Question 32: The teacher requires Rose______by heart 15 English words each day.
A.learn
B. to learn
C. must learn
D. learning
Question 33: I suggested that she______her lawyer before signing the contract.
A.consults.
B. shall consult
C. will consult
D. should consult
Question 34: It is necessary that everything______ready by two o'clock tomorrow.
A.be
B. was

C. were
D. would have been
Question 35: They recommend that she______to a ski resort in Spain.
A.will go
B. would have gone.
C. should go
D. should have gone
Question 36: It is advisable that you______your application as soon as possible.
A.submit
B. will submit. C.will have submitted. D. should have submitted
Question 37: It is desirable that the hotel manager______to call the maintenance staff every 6 months
to clean up the air conditioners.
7


A.remember
B. will remember
C. must remember D. remembers
Question 38: The Principal demanded that the heaters______immediately. Winter is coming!
A.are repaired.
B. be repaired.
C. were repaired D. repair
Question 39: The boss insisted that Sam______at the meeting as he is too talkative for such a
confidential project.
A.not be
B. isn't
C. was
D. is
Question 40: The doctor insisted that she______to the hospital for tests.
A.go

B. goes.
C. will go
D. has gone
Question 41: She suggested that we______in the lobby of the hotel at 9:00 a.m.
A.shall meet
B. will meet
C. should meet D. would have met

8