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© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012


Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy: Number 21

Concentrating solar
power technology
Principles, developments and applications

Edited by
Keith Lovegrove and Wes Stein

Oxford

Cambridge

Philadelphia

New Delhi

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012


Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited,
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First published 2012, Woodhead Publishing Limited
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© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012


Contents

Contributor contact details and author biographies
Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy
Foreword

Part I

Introduction

1

Introduction to concentrating solar power (CSP)
technology
K. LOVEGROVE, IT Power, Australia and W. STEIN,
CSIRO Energy Centre, Australia
Introduction
Approaches to concentrating solar power (CSP)
Future growth, cost and value
Organization of this book
References

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13

Fundamental principles of concentrating solar
power (CSP) systems
K. LOVEGROVE, IT Power, Australia and J. PYE, Australian
National University, Australia
Introduction
Concentrating optics
Limits on concentration
Focal region flux distributions
Losses from receivers

Energy transport and storage
Power cycles for concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
Maximizing system efficiency
Predicting overall system performance
Economic analysis
Conclusion
Sources of further information and advice
References

xiii
xxiii
xxix

1

3

3
6
10
13
14

16

16
19
21
33
36

41
41
46
56
60
64
65
66
v

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vi

Contents

3

Solar resources for concentrating solar power
(CSP) systems
R. MEYER, M. SCHLECHT and K. CHHATBAR,
Suntrace GmbH, Germany
Introduction
Solar radiation characteristics and assessment of solar
resources
Measuring solar irradiance
Deriving solar resources from satellite data
Annual cycle of direct normal irradiance (DNI)
Auxiliary meteorological parameters

Recommendations for solar resource assessment for
concentrating solar power (CSP) plants
Summary and future trends
References

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
5

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5

5.6

Site selection and feasibility analysis for
concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
M. SCHLECHT and R. MEYER, Suntrace GmbH, Germany
Introduction
Overview of the process of site selection and feasibility
analysis
Main aspects considered during the pre-feasibility and
feasibility phases
Boundary conditions for a concentrating solar power (CSP)
project
Detailed analysis of a qualifying project location
Summary and future trends
References
Socio-economic and environmental assessment
of concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
N. CALDÉS and Y. LECHÓN, CIEMAT – Plataforma Solar de
Almería, Spain
Introduction
Environmental assessment of concentrating solar power
(CSP) systems
Socio-economic impacts of concentrating solar power (CSP)
systems
Future trends
Summary and conclusions
References

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

68

68
69
78
83
84
85
86
88
89

91
91
93
99
102
106
116
118

120

120
122
132
143
147
148

Contents

vii

Part II Technology approaches and potential

151

6

153

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
7

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5

7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
8

8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6

Linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) technology
D. R. MILLS, formerly Ausra Inc., Australia
Introduction
Historical background
Areva Solar (formerly Ausra, Solar Heat and Power)
Solar Power Group (formerly Solarmundo, Solel Europe)
Industrial Solar (formerly Mirroxx, PSE)
Novatec Solar (formerly Novatec-Biosol, Turmburg
Anlagenbau)
LFR receivers and thermal performance
Future trends
Conclusions
References
Parabolic-trough concentrating solar power (CSP)
systems
E. ZARZA MOYA, CIEMAT – Plataforma Solar de

Almería, Spain
Introduction
Commercially available parabolic-trough collectors (PTCs)
Existing parabolic-trough collector (PTC) solar thermal
power plants
Design of parabolic-trough concentrating solar power (CSP)
systems
Operation and maintenance (O&M) of parabolic-trough
systems
Thermal storage systems
Future trends
Conclusions
Sources of further information and advice
References and further reading
Central tower concentrating solar power (CSP)
systems
L. L. VANT-HULL, formerly University of Houston, USA
Introduction
History of central receivers
Activities since 2005
Design and optimization of central receiver systems
Heliostat factors
Receiver considerations

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

153
154
163
169

174
176
181
188
192
192

197

197
203
211
213
229
231
232
236
237
238

240
240
243
253
259
267
271


viii

Contents

8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12

Variants on the basic central receiver system
Field layout and land use
Future trends
Sources of further information and advice
Acknowledgements
References

9

Parabolic dish concentrating solar power (CSP)
systems
W. SCHIEL and T. KECK, schlaich bergermann und partner,
Germany
Introduction
Basic principles and historical development
Current initiatives
Energy conversion, power cycles and equipment
System performance
Optimization of manufacture
Future trends

Conclusion
Sources of further information and advice
References and further reading

9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
10

10.1
10.2
10.3

10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
11

11.1
11.2

Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems and
applications
S. HORNE, SolFocus Inc., USA
Introduction
Fundamental characteristics of concentrating
photovoltaic (CPV) systems
Characteristics of high concentration photovoltaic (HCPV)
and low concentration photovoltaic (LCPV) devices and
their applications
Design of concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems
Examples of concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems
Future trends
Conclusions
References and further reading
Thermal energy storage systems for concentrating
solar power (CSP) plants
W.-D. STEINMANN, German Aerospace Center, Germany
Introduction: relevance of energy storage for concentrating
solar power (CSP)
Sensible energy storage

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

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276
278
279
281
281

284

284
285
293
298
306
312
318
320
321
321

323
323
325

332
339
345
357
359
360

362

362
366

Contents
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
12

12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13

13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
14

14.1
14.2

14.3
14.4

Latent heat storage concepts
Chemical energy storage
Selecting a storage system for a particular concentrating
solar power (CSP) plant
Future trends
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References

ix
376
384
386
387
391
392
392

Hybridization of concentrating solar power (CSP)
with fossil fuel power plants
395
H. G. JIN and H. HONG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Introduction
395
Solar hybridization approaches
396
Fossil boosting and backup of solar power plants

399
Solar-aided coal-fired power plants
402
Integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) power plants
407
Advanced hybridization systems
412
Conclusions and future trends
418
Acknowledgements
419
References
419
Integrating a Fresnel solar boiler into an existing
coal-fired power plant: a case study
R. MILLAN, J. DE LALAING, E. BAUTISTA, M. ROJAS and
F GÖRLICH, Solar Power Group GmbH, Germany
Introduction
Description of options considered as variables selected
for the case study
Assessment of the solar add-on concept
Conclusions
References
The long-term market potential of concentrating
solar power (CSP) systems
S. J. SMITH, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and
University of Maryland, USA
Introduction
Factors impacting the market penetration of concentrating
solar power (CSP)

Long-term concentrating solar power (CSP) market
potential
Summary and future trends

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

421

421
422
427
435
436

437

437
439
450
459


x

Contents

14.5
14.6
14.7

Sources of further information and advice
Acknowledgements
References

462
462
462

Part III Optimisation, improvements and applications

467

15

15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
16

16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7

16.8
16.9
17

17.1
17.2
17.3

Absorber materials for solar thermal receivers in
concentrating solar power (CSP) systems
W. PLATZER and C. HILDEBRANDT, Fraunhofer Institute
for Solar Energy Systems, Germany
Introduction
Characterization of selective absorber surfaces
Types of selective absorbers
Degradation and lifetime
Examples of receivers for linearly concentrating collectors
Conclusion
References
Optimisation of concentrating solar power (CSP)
plant designs through integrated techno-economic
modelling
G. MORIN, Novatec Solar, Germany
Introduction
State-of-the-art in simulation and design of concentrating
solar power (CSP) plants
Multivariable optimisation of concentrating solar power
(CSP) plants
Case study definition: optimisation of a parabolic trough
power plant with molten salt storage

Case study results
Discussion of case study results
Conclusions and future trends
Acknowledgements
References

469

469
475
477
486
489
492
493

495
495
496
499
504
512
516
531
533
533

Heliostat size optimization for central receiver solar
power plants
536

J. B. BLACKMON, University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA
Introduction
536
Heliostat design issues and cost analysis
541
Category 1: costs constant per unit area irrespective of
heliostat size and number
546

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012


Contents
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7

17.8
17.9
18

18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
19

19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
20

20.1
20.2
20.3

xi

Category 2: size dependent costs
Category 3: fixed costs for each heliostat and other costs
Cost analysis as a function of area: the case of the 148 m2
Advanced Thermal Systems (ATS) glass/metal heliostat
Additional considerations in analysis of cost as a function
of area for the 148 m2 Advanced Thermal Systems (ATS)
glass/metal heliostat
Conclusion
References

548
555

Heat flux and temperature measurement
technologies for concentrating solar power (CSP)

J. BALLESTRÍN, CIEMAT – Plataforma Solar de Almería,
Spain and G. BURGESS and J. CUMPSTON, Australian
National University, Australia
Introduction
Heat flux measurement
Flux mapping system case studies
High temperature measurement
Conclusions
References
Concentrating solar technologies for industrial
process heat and cooling
A. HÄBERLE, PSE AG, Germany
Introduction
Technology overview
Components and system configuration
Case studies
Future trends and conclusion
Sources of further information and advice
References
Solar fuels and industrial solar chemistry
A. G. KONSTANDOPOULOS, Centre for Research and
Technology Hellas, Greece and Aristotle University,
Greece, C. PAGKOURA, Centre for Research and
Technology Hellas, Greece and University of West
Macedonia, Greece and S. LORENTZOU, Centre for
Research and Technology Hellas, Greece
Introduction
Solar chemistry
Hydrogen production using solar energy

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

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565
574
575

577

577
578
587
593
598
598

602
602
603
606
612
616
618
618
620

620
623
626

xii

Contents

20.4
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9

Solar-thermochemical reactor designs
Solar-derived fuels
Other applications of industrial solar chemistry
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

631
643
651
653
653
654

Index

662

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012


Contributor contact details
and author biographies

(* = main contact)

Primary editor and Chapters 1* and 2*
Dr Keith Lovegrove (BSc 1984, PhD 1993) is currently Head – Solar
Thermal with the UK-based renewable energy consultancy group, IT Power.
He was previously Associate Professor and head of the solar thermal
group at the Australian National University where he led the team that
designed and built the 500 m2 generation II big dish solar concentrator. He
has served on the board of the ANZ Solar Energy Society as Chair, Vice
Chair and Treasurer. For many years he was Australia’s SolarPACES Task
II representative.
K. Lovegrove
IT Power
PO Box 6127 O’Connor
ACT 2602
Australia
E-mail:

Editor and Chapter 1
Wes Stein is the Solar Energy Program Leader for CSIRO’s Division of
Energy Technology. He was responsible for establishing the National Solar
Energy Centre and has since grown a team of 30 engineers and scientists
and a strong portfolio of high temperature CSP research projects. He represents Australia on the IEA SolarPACES Executive Committee, and is a

member of the Australian Solar Institute Research Advisory Committee.
xiii
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012


xiv

Contributor contact details

W. Stein
CSIRO Energy Centre
Steel River Eco Industrial Park
10 Murray Dwyer Close
Mayfield West
NSW 2304
Australia
E-mail:

Chapter 2
John Pye is a researcher in the Australian National University Solar Thermal
Group and also lectures in the Department of Engineering.
J. Pye
Australian National University
Canberra
ACT 0200
Australia
E-mail:

Chapter 3
Richard Meyer is co-founder and managing director of Germany-based

Suntrace. From 2006 to 2009, he headed the technical analysis and energy
yield teams of Epuron and SunTechnics. From 1996 to 2006, Richard worked
for DLR (German Aerospace Center), where he set up the satellite-based
services SOLEMI and DLR-ISIS for analyzing the potential for CSP. He
co-founded the IEA Task ‘Solar Resource Knowledge Management’, for
which he is the representative to the SolarPACES Executive Commitee. Dr
Richard Meyer holds a diploma in geophysics and a PhD in physics from
Munich University.
R. Meyer*, M. Schlecht and K. Chhatbar
Suntrace GmbH
Brandstwiete 46
20457 Hamburg
Germany
E-mail:

Chapter 4
Martin Schlecht is co-founder and managing director of Germany-based
Suntrace, a highly specialized expert advisory firm in large scale solar. His
responsibilities include the assessment of CSP and PV project sites and
their feasibility. He has a Diploma (MSc) in mechanical engineering and

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012


Contributor contact details

xv

more than 15 years’ work experience in the power industry, covering fossilfired, concentrating solar thermal and photovoltaic, including international
hands-on project development and project implementation.

M. Schlecht* and R. Meyer
Suntrace GmbH
Brandstwiete 46
20457 Hamburg
Germany
E-mail:

Chapter 5
Natalia Caldés has a PhD in Agricultural and Natural Resources Economics from the Polytechnic University of Madrid and an MSc in Applied
Economics (University of Wisconsin-Madison). Her most relevant professional experience is in the field of development economics as well as energy
and enviromental economics. She joined the Spanish agency (CIEMAT) in
2004, where her work focuses on the socio-economic impact assessment of
energy technologies, evaluation of energy policies and energy modelling.
Yolanda Lechón has a PhD in Agricultural Engineering. She joined
CIEMAT in 1997. Her relevant experience involves life cycle assessment
and environmental externalities assessment of energy technologies and
energy modelling using techno-economic models.
N. Caldés and Y. Lechón*
Energy System Analysis Unit
Energy Department
CIEMAT – Plataforma Solar de Almería
Avda Complutense 22
28040 Madrid
Spain
E-mail:

Chapter 6
David Mills has worked in non-imaging optics and solar concentrating
systems from 1976. At the University of Sydney, he ran the project that
created the double cermet selective absorber coating now used widely on

solar evacuated tubes and developed the CLFR concept. He was Cofounder, Chairman and CSO of both SHP P/L and Ausra Inc. (later Areva
Solar). He has been President of ISES (1997–99), first Chair of the International Solar Cities Initiative, and VESKI Entrepreneur in Residence for
the State of Victoria (2009).

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012


xvi

Contributor contact details

D. R. Mills
Australia
Email:

Chapter 7
Eduardo Zarza Moya is an Industrial Engineer with a PhD degree, born in
1958. At present he is the Head of the R&D Unit for Solar Concentrating
Systems at the Plataforma Solar de Almería in Spain. He has 27 years’
experience with solar concentrating systems, and has been the Director
of national and international R&D projects related to solar energy
and parabolic trough collectors. He is a member of the Scientific and Technical Committee of ESTELA (European Solar Thermal Electricity
Association).
E. Zarza Moya
CIEMAT – Plataforma Solar de Almería
Carretera de Tabernas a Senés, km 5
04200 Tabernas
Almería
Spain
E-mail:

Chapter 8
Professor Lorin Vant-Hull has been involved in Solar Energy Projects since
1972. He retired as Professor Emeritus from the physics department of the
University of Houston in 2001, which he first joined in 1969. Dr Vant-Hull
was a Principal Investigator on the earliest US proposal to develop the
Solar Central Receiver project epitomized by the Solar One Pilot Plant (10
MWe at Barstow, California). He was program manager for eight years of
a Solar Thermal Advanced Research Center. Dr Vant-Hull has been an
Associate Editor for the Journal of Solar Energy for many years, as well as
a member of the Board of Directors of ASES and of ISES.
L. L. Vant-Hull
128 N Red Bud Trail
Elgin, TX 78621
USA
E-mail:

Chapter 9
Wolfgang Schiel, Diplom Physicist, born in 1948 in Hamburg, has over 20
years’ experience in solar engineering, especially in design and construction
of several Dish/Stirling systems in Germany and other countries (Italy,

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Contributor contact details

xvii

India, Spain, Turkey). After his degree at the University of Hamburg he

worked with the German Aerospace Research Establishment in Stuttgart.
In 1988 he joined schlaich bergermann und partner and became Managing
Director of sbp sonne gmbh in 2009.
Thomas Keck, Mechanical Engineer, born in 1959 in Stuttgart, joined schlaich bergermann und partner in 1988 and works as project manager for Dish/
Stirling projects.
W. Schiel* and T. Keck
schlaich bergermann und partner
Schwabstr. 43
70197 Stuttgart
Germany
E-mail:

Chapter 10
Steve Horne is Co-Founder and Chief Technical Officer at SolFocus. He
began designing the concept of SolFocus’ CPV solar technology in 2005.
Before co-founding SolFocus, Steve was the Director of Engineering at
GuideTech, a leading semiconductor test equipment company, and had
previously spent six years running a technology consulting firm Tuross
Technology. He served as Vice President of Engineering at Ariel Electronics
and his early career experience includes commissioning two 500 MW steam
generated power plants in New South Wales, Australia.
S. Horne
SolFocus Inc.
510 Logue Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94043
USA
E-mail:

Chapter 11
Dr Wolf-Dieter Steinmann has been working at the German Aerospace

Center (DLR) since 1994 and is project manager of the ‘CellFlux’ project
aiming at the development of an innovative thermal storage concept for
power plants. He was project manager of the European project DISTOR
and the national project PROSPER, which both deal with latent heat
storage for medium temperature applications. He completed his PhD thesis
on solar steam generators and has worked on the simulation and analysis
of the dynamics of thermodynamic systems.

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012


xviii

Contributor contact details

W.-D. Steinmann
German Aerospace Center
Institute of Technical Thermodynamics
Pfaffenwaldring 38–40
70569 Stuttgart
Germany
E-mail:

Chapter 12
Professor Hongguang Jin works in the field of solar thermal power technology and CO2 emission mitigation at the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics in Beijing. He established the mid-temperature solar thermochemical
process for integration of solar energy and fossil fuels, and originally proposed the Chemical Looping Combustion system with CO2 capture. He is
a past winner of the best paper award of ASME IGTI – international conference. He is a subject editor for the international journals Applied Energy
and Energy.
Dr Hui Hong is associate professor at the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics in Beijing. She works in the field of solar thermochemical
processing.

H. G. Jin* and H. Hong
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Box 2706
Beijing 100190
China
E-mail: ;

Chapter 13
Rosiel Millan has worked since 2009 at Solar Power Group GmbH as a
Process Engineer in charge of the design of solar thermal plants. She was
born in Mexico where she received her degree in Chemical Engineering.
She obtained her MSc in Renewable Energies from Carl von Ossietzky
Universität Oldenburg. She acquired her initial experience in thermal
energy storage systems for concentrating solar power plants while working
as research assistant at Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme.
Count Jacques de Lalaing, founder of Solar Power Group and Managing
Director, is one of the pioneers of Fresnel solar power and established the
very first large-scale linear Fresnel pilot unit in the world in the 1990s. In
his former capacity as Chief Technology Officer at Solarmundo, Belgium,

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012


Contributor contact details

xix

he raised awareness of the great potential of this new technology. In 2004,
he founded Solar Power Group.

R. Millan*, J. de Lalaing, E. Bautista, M. Rojas and F. Görlich
Solar Power Group GmbH
Daniel-Goldbach-Straße 17–19
40880 Ratingen
Germany
E-mail: ;

Chapter 14
Steven J. Smith is a Senior Staff Scientist at the Joint Global Change
Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and University
of Maryland. His research focuses on energy systems, long-term socioeconomic scenarios and the interface between socioeconomic and climate
systems. Prior to joining PNNL in 1999, he worked at the National Center
for Atmospheric Research. Dr Smith was a lead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. He received his PhD in physics from UCLA.
S. J. Smith
Joint Global Change Research Institute
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and University of Maryland
5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500
College Park, MD 20740
USA
E-mail:

Chapter 15
Werner Platzer is division director ‘Solar Thermal and Optics’ at Fraunhofer ISE with more than 100 employees. Born in 1957, he graduated in
1982 in theoretical physics and acquired a PhD on solar gain and heat
transport in transparent insulation at the Albert-Ludwigs-University
Freiburg in 1988. He has been working in research and development of solar
thermal energy, facade technology and energy efficiency. He has authored
more than 150 articles and conference papers and lectures in solar thermal
energy at the University of Freiburg.
W. Platzer* and C. Hildebrandt

Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
Heidenhofstraòe 2
79110 Freiburg
Germany
E-mail:

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xx

Contributor contact details

Chapter 16
Gabriel Morin has been working at Novatec Solar GmbH, Karlsruhe,
Germany, as a project manager in Research and Development since 2010.
From 2001 to 2010, he worked at the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy
Systems (ISE) in the field of CSP, including as the coordinator of Solar
Thermal Power Plants. Gabriel Morin wrote his PhD thesis on technoeconomic design optimization of solar thermal power plants.
G. Morin
Novatec Solar
Herrenstraße 30
76133 Karlsruhe
Germany
E-mail:

Chapter 17
James B. Blackmon (Aerospace Engineer, BS, 1961, Caltech; MS, 1967 and
PhD, 1972, UCLA) is currently Research Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville. He
was formerly Director, Product Development, McDonnell Douglas Corporation and Boeing Technical Fellow. He was the principal Investigator for

the DOE program for low cost heliostat development. His solar power
system experience began with a grant to McDonnell Douglas from NSF/
University of Houston for heliostat development in 1973. He has over 30
patents in space and terrestrial power, thermal management, and optical
and RF systems.
J. B. Blackmon
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Huntsville, AL 35899
USA
E-mail:

Chapter 18
Dr Jesus Ballestrín is currently researcher at Plataforma Solar de Almería
CIEMAT, Spain. He has more than 15 years’ experience of research and
development on solar concentrating technologies as central receivers, heliostats and solar furnaces. His research interests include: metrology of parameters related to concentrated solar radiation: high irradiances and high
superficial temperature.
Greg Burgess is the manager of the Solar Thermal Research Facility at the
Australian National University.
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Contributor contact details

xxi

Jeff Cumpston is a PhD student in the Solar Thermal Group at the
Australian National University.
J. Ballestrín*
CIEMAT – Plataforma Solar de Almería

04200 Tabernas
Almería
Spain
E-mail:
G. Burgess and J. Cumpston
Research School of Engineering
Building 31, North Rd
Australian National University
Canberra
ACT 0200
Australia
E-mail: ;

Chapter 19
Dr Andreas Häberle is CEO of PSE AG, a spin-off company from the
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE. Dr Häberle studied
Physics at the Technical University of Munich and then worked for seven
years as scientist and project manager at the Fraunhofer ISE where he
completed his PhD on concentrating solar thermal collectors before founding PSE in 1999. PSE AG specializes in solar test stands, solar consulting
and solar conference management.
A. Häberle
PSE AG
Emmy-Noether-Strasse 2
79110 Freiburg
Germany
E-mail:

Chapter 20
Dr Athanasios G. Konstandopoulos is Founder and Director of APTL at
CPERI/CERTH (Greece) since 1996. He has served as Director of CPERI

(2006–2012) and since 2011 he is the Chairman of the Board and Managing
Director of CERTH. He is also Professor of New, Advanced & Clean Combustion Technologies at Aristotle University. He has a hybrid background
in Mechanical (Dipl. ME, AUTH, 1985; MSc ME Michigan Tech, 1987) and
Chemical Engineering (MSc, MPhil, PhD, Yale University, 1991) and
received the 2006 Descartes Laureate.

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xxii

Contributor contact details

Chrysa Pagkoura is a Research Engineer at Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory of CPERI/CERTH and member of the HYDROSOL
research team.
Dr Souzana Lorentzou is an Affiliate Researcher at Aerosol and Particle
Technology Laboratory of CPERI/CERTH and member of the HYDROSOL research team.
A. G. Konstandopoulos*
Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory
Centre for Research and Technology Hellas
6th km Harillaou-Thermi Road
57001 Thermi-Thessaloniki
Greece
E-mail:
and
Department of Chemical Engineering
Aristotle University
Thessaloniki
Greece
C. Pagkoura

Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory
Centre for Research and Technology Hellas
6th km Harillaou-Thermi Road
57001 Thermi-Thessaloniki
Greece
E-mail:
and
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of West Macedonia
Kozani 50100
Greece
S. Lorentzou
Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory
Centre for Research and Technology Hellas
6th km Harillaou-Thermi Road
57001 Thermi-Thessaloniki
Greece
E-mail:

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