Osprey order of battle 001 gettysburg july 1 the army of northern virginia

I

ORDER OF BATTLE

r

GETTYSBURG
JULY l 1863.

C0NFEDERATE:THE ARMY
OF N O R T H E R N VIRGINIA, '


J A M B ARNOLD
AND ROBERTA WIENER
are US-bmrn keelanwritera who have contributed
to numerous military
publleatlons. James m t
hls k m a t l v e years In
Europe and used the
opportun& to study the
dtes of historCc battlefields.
He has 15 published booka
to hls credlt, many of them
focusing on the Wapoleonic
eampalgns and the Amerlcan
Civil War. Roberta Wlener has
oo-authomd eevewl works
of hlstory and eclW history
and sclenca books, lneludlng
a children%eneyclopWla.

She also carrlea out archival
research on mllltary
history topics.

1


ETTYSBURG

L

JULY 1 1863
CONFEDERATE: THE ARMY
OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA

JAMES ARNOLD AND ROBERTA WIENER


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FORDETMCS OF ALL U

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Series style
The style of presentatlcm adopted In the Mder of Battle series is designed to
provide quickly the maximum ~nformsbonfor the reader

Order of Baale Und D~agrams- All 'actlve' unlts In the OREAT that is thorn
presant and e n g a w ed the battlefield are drawn In black. Those units not yet
aalvad or those present on the battlefield krt unengaged are 'shadowd'.
Unit Data Panels -Similarly, those unit&MI~I
are present and engeged are
pmlded wlth company detalls for Infantry and cavalry bodies and wlth deta~lsof
the pleces far artiller)t

-

Battlefldd Maps Unlts engaged are shown In the res#ectlvs mloum of their

amiee. Unlts shown 88 'shedcwed' am thona deploy& for baffle but not
engaged at the tlrne.

Order o f Battle Tlmellnes

-

Baffl~Page Tlmelires Each wlume concerns the Order of Battle for the
amim ~nmlved.Rarely are the fomes avallaMa to a mmmander committed
Into actlon as per hlp DRBAT:To help the reader tollow the sequence of events.
a Timsline Is pmldad at the Mbm of eech 'belt*' page. Thls Timeline g k
the bllowlng infcfmatlow

MIL~~ARY

AND AwaTlON P W E WRITE TO:

Th% Marketing M a n w r , Osprey Dimct, W Box 140, Welllngbolwgh, Northank,
NNE 424 Unlted Klngdom

The top line bar defines tb actual Ume of the actlong bdng dsecrlbsd in that
bettle section.
The middle line shows the time pwlod covered by the whole day'sadlon.

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T k Marketing M a n e r , Ospmy Direct USA, PO Box 130, Sterllng Helghta, MI
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The bottom llne indicates the page numbers of the ather, often interllnkd,
actlonr covered In thla book.

Editor's note
Key to Military Series symbols
Wherevsr poaslble prlrmy sources have been used In complllng the Lnformatbn
In thls volume. Total c a w a l t ~ snoted q w n s t regirnmts indicate approximate
numbers Itilled, wounded and miasinglmpbured during all three days at
Eettysburg.
Order of Bmte and dslalled s k e m data was used wlth parmsnn ff'Om
Regrmentel Smngths and Lasses at Oettysbum (Hightstwn, N.J. Longstnat
House, 1094) by John W Bumy and OavM G Martln.


CONTENTS

THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA

I CSA ARMY CORPS
McLaws' Division

Plekett's Dlvldon
Hood's Division
Reserve Artillery

II CSA ARMY CORPS
Early's Dlvlslon
Johnson's Division
Rodes' Dlvision
Reserve Artlllery

II CORPS' BATTLES - Hasty Assault

Daniel Carries the Field
Early Intervenes
Pursuit

Ill CSA ARMY CORPS
Anderson's Division
Heih's Division
Pender's Division
Reserve Artlllery

Ill CORPS' BATTLES - Disaster in the Morning
Afternoon Breakthrough - Heth Tries Again
Afternoon Breakthrough

- Pender Goes In

STUART'S CAVALRY DIVISION
WARGAMING GETTYSBURG - DAY 1
BIBLIOGRAPHY

96


m e THE ARMY OF
m-

:NORTHERN VIRGINIA
E

5

Lee Marches North

P

;
I

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4

n June 25, 1863, while en route to Gettysburg,
Robert E. Lee wmte to President Jefferson
Davis to describe the strategic concept
undergirding his invasion of the North: "It seems to me
that we cannot afford to keep our troops awaiting
possible movements of the enemy, but that our true
policy is...to employ our own forces as to give
occupation to his at points of our selection." With this
statement Lee was articulating an offensive grand
strategy. He continued, "our concentration at any point
compels that of the enemy." Lee recognised that his
march north would compel the Federal army to follow.
A confrontation was certain to ensue. Given Lee's
preference for the tactical offensive, it was Iikely to
feature a Confederate attack.
The origins of the campaign grew out of the army's
great victory at Chancellorsville back in May. Although
it was already being hailed as 'Lee's masterpiece', Lee

himself was dissatisfied with its results. By his
assessment, the army had had an opportunity to
destroy Hooker's Army of the Potomac and had failed.
Hooker had managed to extricate his army and
retreat to safety behind the Rappahannock River.
It reminded Lee of his victory at Second Manassas,
another incomplete success due to the ability of the
Federal army to retire into the impregnable
Washington, D.C. defences.
As he pondered what to do after Chancellorsville, Lee
ached for a battlefield from which the Union army could
not escape by retiring behind either a natural or
manmade defence. Furthermore, the army had won at
Chancellorsville without the presence of half of James
long street"^ I Corps. What it might accomplish when
fully concentrated excited the army commander.
In mid-May Lee travelled to Richmond to meet with
Davis, For the past week he had been exchanging
messages with the War Department regarding the
possibility of sending men west to help defend
Vicksburg. Lee firmly opposed the idea, saying "it
becomes a question between Virginia and the
Mississippi." He acknowledged that something drastic

General Robert Edward Lee. He arrived on the
battlefield some six hours after Heth's Division
first deployed against the Union troops west of
Gettysburg.

had to be done and proposed a second invasion of the

North. It might or might not relieve the pressure in the
west, but in the past Lincoln had shown a special
sensitivity to threats to his capital by summoning
troops to its defence. Moreover, there was the chance
that a victory gained north of the Potomac would


THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA

- GETTYSBURG - July l

XXXX
LEE

I
3-

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XXX

XXX
Ewell

I
Early

Hill

I
Johnson

Rode$

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mama

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mmm
Atld9r~~fl

Heth

Pender

I

Longstreet

Carter

McLaws

Pickett

Hood

Henry

actually lead to Washington's capture and foreign
intervention on behalf of the Confederacy. Davis and
his Cabinet reflected upon all of this and upon the fact
that since Lee had taken command of the Army of
Northern Virginia he had never lost a battle. The Davis
government authorised Lee to march north.
When Stonewall Jackson died, Lee said, "I do not
know how to replace him." Rather than try, he decided

17 Staff and Field Officers

EscortlCouriers
39th Battalion Virginia Cavalry
Major John Harvie Richadson
60 troops present for duty equipped

Co. A Captain Augustus Pifer's Co.
Co. C Lee's Body Guard Co. B

Gettysburg was a classic 'encounter' battle.
On the first day, neither Lee nor Meade had all
their forces availabIe for action. From the evening
of July l,as fresh divisions and brlgades reached
the battlefield, the options widened for both

commanders, but less so for Lee. On the first day
the absence of Stuart's cavalry, though only
23 miles away, prevented the Confederate forces
from exploiting the Federal reverse after they
were driven out of Gettysburg.
to abandon the army's two corps structure and create
a triangular structure of three infantry corps with three

divisions each. He believed that "our army would be
invincible if it could be properly organised and
officered."
Lee retained the dependable Longstreet as commander of I Corps. He chose Richard Ewell to lead II
Corps. Ewell had served only briefly under Lee, but he


PEMNSY LVANlA


Brigadier-General
Wlliarn Nelson
Pendleton, a West

Point graduate, was
aged 13, sickly and
unsuftd for command
and yet remained a
LW favourite.

+ 1 Horse Artillery Battalion
knew that I1 Corps' soldiers liked and respected him.

He considered Ewell 8
1
1 honest, brave soldier, who
has always don@his duty well." He worried that EweIl
was accustomed to duse supervision and would now
have to exercise independentjudgement. In confrast to
his tepid praise for Ewell was his attitude toward his
&mice to command Ill Corps, A.P. Hill.
In October 1862, Lee had described A.P. Hill as his
hest divisional commander and a man who "fightshis
+OtDpswell and takes g w d care of them." Hill marched
b Gettysburg possessing Lee's full confidence.
The amy had lost more than eighteen percent of Ik
sfmngth at Chancallorsville. It had been particularly
&cl hit by casualties among its mid-level command,
'W only would two of the army's three infantry wrpS
itarr under recently elevated officers, five of nine
dvisions were led by men who previously had served

+ lIndependent Command
BRIGADE

&her briefly or not at all in their present capacities-The
army's brigadiers were its acknowledged backbone.
But six brigades were under new command and six
more were mmmarrded by colonels whom Lee judged
unready far promotion.
These deficiencies would become apparent at the
bame. But Mthe w e nf the campaign Lee put his faith
in his vaunted rank and fife. He said, 'They will go

anywhere and do anything if properly led."
Lee also redistributed his artillery. He abolished the
general reserve and assigned five artillery battalions tcr
each of the three corps. Brigadier-General William
Pendleton retained his post as Chief (ofArtillery, but it
now became a nominal assignment.
Skraes Cavalry gained three brigades of Virginia
cavalry in order to reinform his existing three.
Overall, the accretion of force, supplemented by
volunteers and conscripts, brought the Army of Virginia
atmost up to the strength it had enjoyed before the
Fredericksburg and Chancellorsvillecampaigns.
In early June Lee began shiffing his a n y secretly
westward for a msrch up the Shenandoah and
Cumbedand Valleys. By holding the passes in the Blue
Ridge and South Mountains, he could screen his
advance and p m t t his supply line.
By June 17 the army was strung out over a 100-mile
distance. By June 24 R had closed up north of the
Potomac. After that it enjoyed easy, uneventful
marches until the encounter at Gettysburg.


K THE h.JMY OF
"2 NORTHERN VIRGINIA

1 I CSA Army Corps
'
I

I

Corps came into existence when Lee reorganised
the army In 1862 after the Seven Days' Battles.
While Jackson's E
I Corps manoeuvred brilliantly to
set up the opponent during the Second Manassas
Campaign, it was 1 Corps that provided the powerful
knockout punch.

assaults, For Longstreet, promoted to lieutenantgeneral in October 1862, Fredericksburgwas a tactical
model showing how the Corps would compete with the
nurnericaZly superior Federal army.
Half of the Corps was on detached service around
Suffolk, Virginia during the Chanmllorsville Campaign.

l

l

Lieutenant-General
James Longstreet,
an undistinguished
student at West Point
and a former U.S.
Army paymaster, at
age 43 proved a skilled
and fearless battlefield
commander for the
Confederates.

I

I

At the Batile of Sharpsburg, I Cops fought a bloody
defensive battle, On this field, Lee greeted its cornmander, James P. Longstreet, wiZh a rare departure
from his usual reserve, embracing him with the words
"Here's my old war-horse at last." By occupying good
defensive ground at Fredericksburg, the Corps
conserved Confederate lives and helped repel Union

I CORPS
(not arrlved at Gettyshurg by the end of Sighting
on July q)

Lieufenant-General James Longstreet
McLaws9DlvIslon
Major-General Lafayetfe MeLaws
PIckett3s Division
Major-General Gmrge Edward Pickett
Hood% Division
Major-General John Bell Hood
1 Corps Reserve Artillery
Colonel James Budge Waiton

16 Staff and Field Oiflcers
McLaws' and Anderson's Divisions remained with
Lee's army.
In the reorganisation fallowing Jackson's death, the

Corps shed Anderson's Division but. unlike the other
two infantry corps, otherwise remained intact. The
Corps' divisionaI command structure also enjoyed a
constancy unlike its sister corps. The same divisional
leaders - McLaws, Hood, and Pickett - commanded
the same basic forces at Fredericksburg and at
Gettysburg.
Officers and men trusted Longstreet. They understood
that while he was personally fearless on the battlefield,
he believed victory came from thorough planning
rather than reckless heroism. Longstreet, in turn, was
undoubtedly the most seasoned and reliable of Lee's
remaining lieutenants. While he supported Lee's bold
strategic offensives, he wanted to manoeuvre to
obtain a favourable defensive position that would
compel a Union attack. In this predilection lay the
seeds for misunderstanding and disaster.
June 30 found Hood and McLaws at Greenwood,
about 14 miles from Gettysburg, and Pickett guarding
the rear at Chambersburg another 11 miles distant,



-

I CSA Army Corps McLawsyDivision
eneral Lafayette McLaws and his Division
began their association in November 1864.
The Division manned the Yorktown defences
and was present when McClellan's Army of

the Potomac arrived the next spring. Although
McLaws himself was a West Point graduate and
had served with the infantry in Mexiw, his men had
missed the First Manassas Campaign and were
inexperienced. Their leader impressed his superiors
during the operations around Yorktown. Promoted to
Major-General
Lafayette McLaws,
42, was born in
Georgia, had an
undistinguished
sojourn at West Point,
and became a career
soldier. Reliable and
unimaginative, he took
good care of his men.

i f Staff and Fie

major-general, McLaws led the Division into combat
during the Seven Days' BatUes at Savage's Station
and Malvern Hill. When Lee reorganised the army, he
assigned the Division to Longstreet's corps, thus
beginning an association that would last for the next
two years of almost constant campaigning.
The Division manned the Richmond defences during
the Second Manassas Campaign. It participated in the
Maryland Campaign with basically the same four
infantry brigades and one artillery battalion that fought
at Gettysburg. Its leader earned criticism from Lee

when his division took 41 hours to march from Harpets
Ferry to Sharpsburg at a time when Lee desperately
needed manpower. Lee wuld not help but compare
this performance to the nine hours A.P. Hill's Division
required to complete the same march.


-

At Fredaridrsburg, M
U defensive p r e p m m
#ieltered the D i i b n when it m n w a long trench
behind a stone. wall while its batteries occupied
,mIldltgpits. Fromthis pasition, the Division staugMered
lk charging F s d d s at very littte cost to thtfiemsel~~
. At Chancellorsviile a
h
te Division blocked the Fedleral
'advance while Je&mn performed his epic flank
@arch.Then it counter-marched towaid Fl%deriob
'&g fa attack Rn isolated U n h oarps. Although
M ~ L ~ Mwas
I s the mast senior rnqjor-genaral in the
-'mmy, his failure to show i n i t i w and hb deference to
l'
:&neral Jubal Eady mbbed t b Dlvislon of a great
!.@@pcsrtuity.
Cons~qu~ntiy~
when Lea tearganbed the
Jacksan's death, he passed aver M

m
n ptnmating men to mrps command.
The Division was well Gontent to mntinue its
n W#I Mrbaws.Although they made fun af h i
and rigidity in enforcing regulations by

Brigadier-Gmeml
Jweph B m d
Kernhaw, s South
Carolina lawyer and
lmgla;lator, had genre4
las a IlauBnant in the
Mexlcan War. He w w
41 yeam old by the
time he gat to
Gettysburg.
nicknaming him "MakeLaws*, thFsy appredabd his dose
sdtwlkm their needs off the WefreId and m t i ~ n
when using them in cambat. By July 1863, M d a w s and
his Division had Wen QogetRer longer than anybody eke
in L&
army.
Colonel Csbell's Artillery Battdon supported the
DiYiskn, The Battalionwax a thomughty veteran ouffit,


Volunteer infa

Volunteer Infantry
Ccrlonel John B. W~eems

mops p m n t for duty equipped

Regiment Georgla
troops present for duty equipped

Colonel Edward B
303 troops present for duty e

q

z

53rd Regiment Georgla
Volunteer lnfantry
Colonel James Philljp Slmms
422 troops present for duty equippe

WOFFORWS BRIGADE

dbr-General Willam Tatum Woffo
4 Staff and Field OMce
Volunteer lnfantry
Colonel Goode Bryan
,..
aws m o p s present ror auty equippea
18th Regiment G

7

nel Robert EWcMillan

Its batteries included the Ist Richmond Howitzers,
which formed in 1859 and was the only Vlrginia unit in
the Division. The Ellis Light Artillery formed in April

1

Company A
IOthNorthCarollnaStateTroops
Elffs Light Artillery

If: . ;'yr.
,

,z,

Ceptaln Basil Charles Man&
(131 trwps present for duty equfpped)
,P
.
:
.
d

,
,,

.*-,;;
,

,

,Gq

-, 4 pieces

1861, while the two Georgia batteries both formed that
autumn. July 1 found the Division at Greenwood,
Pennsylvania, about 67 miles west of Gettysburgl.


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I CSA Army Corps PickettgsDivision
-.

I

n February 1862 Brigadier-General Georgs Pickett
assumed mmmand of a Virginia brigade that had
been left leaderless when its commander,

Major-General George
Edward Pickett, age
38 at Gettysburg,
was Past in his class
at West Point.
Undeterred, he
became a career
soldier whose

meticulous attention
to his grooming belied
his hard-charglng
battlefield conduct.
Brigadier-General Philip Cocke, committed suicide.
This brigade, which Richard Garnett would lead at
Gettysburg, earned the nickname the 'Game Cock
Brigade" during the fighting at Wlliamsburg, Seven
Pines, and Gaines' Mill. At Gaines' Mill Pickett suffered
a shoulder wound that knocked him out of action for
three months,
After reporting for duty in September 1862, Pickett
received a sudden promotion to major-general. The
promotion came because of Longstreet's friendship
which dated back to the Mexican War.
Probably Longstreet was also repaying an emotional
debt that had arisen when Pickett showed great

X
Garnett

kindness to Longstreet when that officer's children died
the previous winter.
Initially the Division comprised Pickett's old brigade
commanded by Garnett, Kernper's Brigade, and a
South Carolina Brigade commanded by BrigadierGeneral Jenkins. During the refit around Winchester,
Virginia after the Sharpsburg Campaign, Armistead's
Brigade joined the Division, November found the
Division in the Fredericksburg area where BrigadierGeneral Corse's Brigade joined the Division. With this
structure, the three brigades that were to march to

Gettysburg Garnett's, Kemper's, and Armistead's
along with Dearing's four-battery artillery battalion
had formally taken their place. At Fredericksburg the
Division was very lightly engaged and did not suffer a
single fatality.

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3
Y
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Pickett's Division missed the Chancellorsviile
Campaign because it was on detached service with
Longstreet. It endured a bleak ten-day march in snow

I

,

PICKElT'S DEVlS10N
Major-General George Edward Pickett

l 1 Staff and Fleld Officers
GarneHSsBrigade 1,459
Kernper's Brigade 1,634
AnnisteadysBrigade 1,950
Daring's Artillery Battallon 419

l

I

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Colonel Eppa Hunton

289 troops present for

and sleet to participate in the largely uneventful Suffolk
Campaign. At this time many men were without shoes
I or blankets. Three brigades heIped invest Suffolk while
1 Garnett's and Kemper's Brigades went on foraging
1 expeditions into eastern North Carolina. The Division's
I
major combat occurred when a Federal amphibious
operation captured all of the Fauquier Artillery with the
exception of the drivers and battery horses. On the
I
night of May 4, the Division withdrew from Suffolk and
' began its march to rejoin Lee's army.
Jenkins' Brigade remained an detached service while

Corse's Brigade was detained at Hanover Junction to
protect the railroads and bridges near Richmond.
Thus, by the time of the Gettysburg Campaign, the
Division had shrunk to a three-brigade unit. It was the
only purely Virginia division in the Army of Northern

(

I

By the end of the first day's action at Gettysburg,
Plckett's Division was still sitting 23 miles to the
west at Chambersburg.


'irginia. Although its components were battle-tested,
did not have much experience as a division under
'icketfs leadership.
The quality of that leadership was an open question.
ong after Pickeit's promotion, Longstreet's aide,
doxley Sorrel, referred to him sarcastically as a "good
brigadier." Sorrel would write that Longstreet would
arefully issue very complete orders to Pickett and
~structhis aides to "give him things very fully; indeed,

Battle flag of Major
John Owens' 9th
Virginia Infantry
Regiment.

ARM1STEAD9SBRIGADE

Brigadier-General Lewis Addison Armr
4 Staff and Field Officers
$th Vir~iniaInfantry Regiment

53rd Vlrglnla infantry Regiment

Major John Crowder Owens
257 troops present for duty equipped

94th Virginia Infantry Regiment
ColoHel James Gregoty H o d p s
422 troops present for duty equipped

mth Viqinia Infantry Regiment

,.

1-

Colonel Edward Claxton Edmonds
W troops pmsent for duty equipped

rrgtnla Infantry Regiment
Colonel John Bowie Magruder
476 troops present for duty equipped

Virginia Light A
9 Staff and Field Officers

Impany A
rauquier Artillery [Virgrn
. Capfain Rabert Mackey Sfribli..,
p34 troops presetlf for duty equlppe
.
,

'S;

\ .

E

,

4 pieces

Company C
+!ampden Artillery (Virginia)
GapfainWilli~mHenderson Caskie
I90 troops present far duty equippet
pieces

Brigadier-General
Lewis Addison
Armistead, a
battlefield elder at 46,
was thrown out of
West Point. However,

he persevered in his
ambltlon to become a
career soIdier in the
traditfon of his family.

~ ~ c n m o nFayette
a
Artllle
glnia)
Captain Miles Cary Macon
190 troops
. .~resentfor duty
- eauippedl
. .. .
4 pieces
Company D

Lynchburg ~rtill=ry
(Virginia)
Captafn Joseph Grey Blount
(96 troops present for duty equipped)
4 pieces

I

sometimes stay with him to make sure he did not get
astray."
On June 27 the Division camped outside of
Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Here it worked at
destroying railroad depots, workshops, and public

machinery while guarding the army's rear. It remained
near Chambersburg until relieved by Brigadier-General
John Imboden's cavalry brigade. Since lmboden was
late to arrive, the Division did not receive orders to
march to Gettysburg until late in the evening of July 1.


el

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I CSA Army Corps Hood's Division
he army had no more famous division than that
commanded by John B. Hood. The Division
revelled in the fact that outside of Lee himself,
their leader, with his unequaled combat record,
enjoyed the greatest admiration among the Southern
people in the summer of 1863.

I

Major-General John
Bell Hood at 32 was
a bachelor adored by
women and a flerce
flghtling general
idolised by his men. At
West Point he was an
undistinguished cadet,
but became a career
soldier rather than the
Kentucky doctor his
family expected.

The Division began its association with Hood during
the Peninsula Campaign. When Hood, at the head of
his brigade, led a charge that broke the Federal line at
Gaines' Mill, it earned both him and his men renown as
the fiercest assault troops in Lee's army, As a
reward, during the post-Campaign reorganisation, Lee
promoted Haod to divisional command.
The two-brigade Division enhanced its reputation at
Second Manassas when it spearheaded Longstreet's
crushing assault that nearly destroyed Pope's Federal

army. At the Battle of South Mountain during the
Maryland Campaign of 1862, the men showed their
respect for their leader. He was under arrest and riding
at the rear of the Division. As the Division marched
toward the fight they began to yell, "Give us Hood!" Lee

responded, "You shall have him, gentlemen!"

The Division followed its charismatic leader at
Sharpsburg to deliver an impetuous, but extremely
costly counteratrack to seal a breach in Lee's lines.
According to Hood, here it experienced The most
terrible clash of arms, by fa$ of the entire war.
Fredericksburg found the Division expanded to four
brigades and its leader promoted to major-general at
the recommendation of "Stonewall" Jackson. The two
Georgia brigades Wat joined the Division were veteran
outfits led by respected officers. The Division occupied
a quiet sector at that battle, losing fewer than 400 men.
It missed the carnage at Chancellorsville when it was

HOOD

f

I
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111

Tmn
I

111

I

111

1
Henry


Brigadier-General Evander #c,
4 Staff nnd Field Officers

44@1Alalbmma Infantry Regiment

.

ANDERSON9SBRIGADE

.-

>

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48th Alabama Infantry Regfrnent

L

Brigadier-General George +hornas An derson
10 Staff and Field Officers

7th Reaimed Georgia

"tth Regsrnent Georgia

& z * p ~ p s present for duty equipped

310 troops present far duty equipped

8

=

r"

K

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r

-

*:

?.-

,'

;Bth Rgglment Georgia
Volunteer lnfantry
, Coland John R Towers
.Z~$@?PS present for duty equipped

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Valun@er Infantry

7

olonel Vannoy H a m g Manning
troops present for duty equipped

Texas Infantry Regiment

5th Texas Infantry Reglrnent
Colonel Robert Michael Powell

BENhfthwS BRIGADE
6rjgacJl;er-GeneralHenry Lewis Benning
4 Staff and Field Officers

2nd Regiment Georgia
Volunteer Infantry

17th Regiment Georgia
Volunteer Infantry

Ueufenant-Colonel William Term// Ham%
348 troops present for duty equipped

15th Regiment Ggcrgia
Volunteer infantry

20th Reglrnent Georg
Volunteer Infantry

Colonel Dudley Mchrer DuBose
368 troops present for duty equipped

Colonel John Augustus Jones
350 troops present for duty equipp

itself as the shock b a p s for the corps, if not for the
entire am~y.
On July 1, k d ' s b ' ~ s b n .minus Law's detached
brigade and a battery which were on picket duty at New
Guildford, was in Greenwood, about 17 miles west of

and Ewell's wagons at about 1600, the Division
headed toward Gettysburg. It marched about 13 mites,
before halting around midnight at Marsh Creek, some
three and one-half miles west of Gettysburg.

:

9 Staff and Field m c e r s
A:

Company F
13th North Carolina Battalion

Branch ArtiHery
CapfaEn Alexander C. Latham
(412 troops present for duty equipped)
5 pieces

Gennan Artillery
(South Carolina)

Captain William K Bachman
(71 troops present for duty equipped)
4 pleces

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Palmetto I.$f;g
~liagtery
(South Carolina)
Gapfain Hugh Richardson Garden
(63 troops present for duty equipped)
4 pieces

Company D
10th North Carollna State Troops
Rmwan Artillery
Capfaln James Reflly
(148 Zroops present for duty equ
6 pieces

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I CSA Corps Reserve Artillery
U
olonel Walton's two-battalion artillery reserve
came into exisience following Lee's reorganisation of the army after the 9862 Seven Days'
Z;attles. The same ten batteries served together at
Seoond Manassas, Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg and
=hancellorsville. Thus, they had wide, cooperative
5qerience. The Reserve also enjoyed fine comman:m.At Gettysbulg, Walton served as Chief of Artillery

C"

famed artillery units in the entire Confederacy.
Organised in New Orleans in 1838, it had long
attracted the city's prominent citizens. It went to war
LA
superbly drilled and outfitted, with its members 3
dressed in dark blue frock coats and sky blue trousers,
Q
red kepis, and white canvas gaiters. At Gettysburg
probably only the officers retained this uniform.
During the march through Pennsylvania, the reserve 4
enjoyed living off af the 'fat' of the land. However, the '

men and horses endured excessive heat, dry weather l f
and dust during the march to Gettysburg. Porter's
Battalion reached the field at 01900 on July 2 while
Eshleman's battalion arrived late that evening.

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4

kr the entire I Corps. The Reserve's two battalion
cammanders were equally able, experienced
dtleryrnen.
Alexander's six-battery battalion comprised batteries
fiwn three d~fferentstates and thus unlike its sister
battalion had no pre-war unit association. Prominent
anong them was the Madison Light Artillery, the
Wadison Tips," organised in May 1861, the Brooks
Light Artillery raised in Charleston in 1862, and
Parker's Battery formed in Richmond in 1862.
Eshleman's Washington Artillery was one of the most

Major Benjamin Franklin
9 Staff and Field Off
lst cornpanym
Captain Charles W. Squires
(77 troops present for duty equFpped

Captain John B. Richards
(80 troops present for d

3rd Company
Captain Merrift B. Miller
(92 troops present for duty equipped
3 12-pounder Napoleon guns

4th Campany
Captain Joseph Norcorn
(80 troops present for duty equipped

a

Vlrglnla Light Artilfery
Captain Osmond B. Taylor
0 troops present for duty equipped)
4 pieces

1


t THE ARMY OF
NORTHERN VIRGINIA
!

I 1 CSA Army Corps

II

Corps, like its sister I Corps, came into existence
in 1862 when Lee reorganised the army after the
Seven Days' Battles.

Under the command of Thornas 'Stonewall" Jackson
it achieved enduring renown for its hard, fast marching
and lightning battlefield strokes. The shocking loss of
Its commander at Chancellorsville required the Corps
Lleutenant-General
Rlehatd Stoddert Ewell.
His [ICorps had reached
Carlisle where he was
ordered to concentrate
at Gettysburg. Ewell
turned south and
arrived on the battfefielcl
at about 1430 hrs on
July lst, just in time to
strike the Federals in
the flank and force a
retreat.

to adjust to both a new commander and a modified
organisation.
The eccentric Richard Ewell, recovered from his leg
amputation caused by a wound at Second Manassas
and newly promoted to lieutenant-general, took charge

hard Sfoddert Ewe
Early's Division

Major-General Jubal Anderso

Major-Geneml Robert Emrn

20

17 Staff and Fletd Ofncera
EscortlCouriera

39th Battation VIrgtnig Cavalry
Captain WIIlam F. RandoIph
51 troops present for duty equtppe

:o:B

Captain Willism F. Randafah's CO;

Provost Guard
Cos. A and B, 1st Baka~lon

Marth CarolEna SharpshWers
Mqjor Rufus Wafsun Whartan
94 troops present for duty equipped

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of the Carps. The men knew and liked "old Bald Head."

He had been Jackson's most trusted subordinate
during the celebrated Valley Campaign of 1862. The
Corps lost A.P. Hill's so-called Light Division and
Colquitt's Georgia Brigade.

Among the remaining three divisions, only Jubat
Early's stayed intact. Divisional commands went to
Edward Johnson, who was returning to duty alter a
year-long absence spent recovering from a wound,
and to Robert Rodes, who ascended from brigade to
divisional command. New to the korps was Daniel's
North Carolina Brigade in Rodes' Division.
June 30 found the Cops scattered with Johnson's
Division northeast of Chambersburg and Rodes and
Early between Carfisle and Gettysburg.


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I1 CSA ARMY CORPS GETTYSBURG July l
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I 1 CSA Army Corps

- Early's Division

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arly's Division knew and respected its cornmander. Their association dated back to the time

when Early's Virginia Brigade had served in
Ewell's Division. The Division saw Early rise to
temporary command on the field at Sharpsburg.
According to Stonewall Jackon, the Division both held
its position and "attacked with great vigor and gallantry."
Lee cornmended Early's performance and rewarded
him with the assignment of divisional commander.
At Fredericksburg Early's Division counterattacked
Meade's penetration. The men charged at the run
shouting, "Here comes old Jubal! Let old Jubal
straighten out that fence!'
After Early received a promotion to major-general in
April 1863, the Division, which up to that time was still
called 'Ewell's Divisionn, was permanently placed in
Early's hands.

I

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EARLY'S DiVISION

Major-General Jubal Anderson Early
12 Staff and Field Officers

HayssBrigade 1,295
Hokegs(Averybs) Brigade l,244
Smsthfs Brigade 806
Gordon's Brlgade 1,813
Jones9Artillery Battallon 290

During the Chancellorsville Campaign, the Division
received the d i i w l t mission to hold the Fredericksburg
lines while the balance of the army marched to engage
Hooker's army in the Wilderness.
Over-stretched, the Division lost its ground but
recovered to help drive the Union VI Corps across the
river. The Division lost more than 800 men during the
campaign.
The Gettysburg Campaign found the Division
assigned to Ewell's restructured II Corps and Early
in the familiar position as Ewell's subordinate. Given
Ewell's generous, agreeable nature and Early's
overbearing, independent attitude, there was a
potential for confusion regarding lines of authority.
However, the Division's smashing success at the
Battle of Winchester on June 14, was a victory worthy
of Jackson himself, and indicated that all should be
well for the future of the Division.

Major-General Jubal
Anderson Early, 46
and affiicted wlth
rheumatism, was
disliked and unllkeable
by all but Lee. The
Virginian lawyer and
legislator had turned
in a respectable
pslf~rmanceat

West Point.

#X
EARLY

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Early's Division Hays' Brigade
rigadier-General Harry Hays began his
association with Louisiana soldiers when he
became Colonel of the 7th Louisiana, the
~ l l e Pelican

d
Regiment, named for the white
peiican prominently displayed on the regimentaI
ooburs. According to army commander General Pierre
T- Beauregard, he led the 7th at First Manassas with
M a c t o r y coolness and skill."
T k following year the Pelican Regiment merged with
b 6th 8th, and 9th Louisiana regiments as well as
Wheat's Battalion to form an all-Louisiana brigade
ammanded by Richard Taylor. The Brigade
ditinguished itself during Stonewall Jackson's Valley
m p a i g n and Hays received a bullet wound in the
-Ider
at the Battle of Port Republic on June 9,
l=. Taylor was promoted and transferred to the

B

'

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Trans-Mississippi, The Brigade received a newly
prnmoted Hays to replace him.
The 5th Louisiana joined the Brigade for the
Sharpsburg Campaign while Wheat's Battalion - the
aiginal 'Louisiana Tigers" - was broken up with its
-power
distributed to the other regiments. Under
k y s ' command, the Brigade fought at Sharpsburg

rhere in excess of half its men became casualties
b i n g the fighting in the Cornfield.
TIE Brigade assumed the structure it was to take
m t h to Gettysburg by December 1862. Serving in
b e l l ' s Division at Fredericksburg it was only lightly
errgaged, suffering a total of 55 casualties.

Brigadier-General Harry Thompson Hays
3 Staff and Field Officers

Wih jubal Early now commanding the Division, at
Chancellorsville Hays' Brigade helped defend the
extensive Fredericksburg lines. It joined the Division's
retreat when wnfronted with the Federal VI Corps' I
overwhelming force on May 3, 1863. It had the
satisfaction of participating in the savage attacks that
drove VI Corps back over the Rappahannock the next
day. The charge cost the brigade 370 casualties. When
Early saw Hays' Brigade pierce the Union lines, he
threw down his hat and exclaimed, Those Louisiana
fellows can steal as much as they please now!"
m

5th Louisiana Infantry Reglment
Major Alexander Hart
196 troops present for duty equipped

Co.A Crescent City Guards
Co. B Chalmette Rifle Guards
Bienville Guards

DeSoto Rifles
Orleans Cadet Co.
Orfeazlns Southrons
Co. G Lodslana Swamp Rangers
Co. H Pemt Guards
Co. I Carondelet lnvincibles
Co. K M o n m Guards

Co. C
Co. D
Co. E
Co. F