Paper Recycling Technology Dr. Richard A. Venditti ppt

Paper Recycling Technology
Dr. Richard A. Venditti
Dept. of Wood and Paper Science
North Carolina State University
Dr. Richard Venditti
z Faculty member in the Wood and Paper Science Dept at
NCSU
z PhD in Chemical Engineering, BS in Pulp and Paper Science
and Chemical Engineering
z Research areas:
 Paper recycling
 Utilization of forest/agricultural materials for new applications
z Classes Taught:
 Process Control
 Unit Operations for Pulp and Paper
 Paper Recycling (Distance)
z Director of Hands On Workshop for Pulp and Paper Basics,
co-sponsored through TAPPI, on-campus and in-mill
z Technical services projects for over 20 companies
Dr. Richard Venditti:
Research Projects in Paper Recycling
z The detection of adhesive contaminants, tracking through
mills
z The changes in fibers upon recycling
z Automatic sorting of recovered papers
z Flotation deinking surfactants
z Agglomeration deinking
z Screening phenomena and pressure sensitive adhesives
z Deposition of adhesive contaminants
z Alternate recycling processes
 Ultrasonic deinking

 Supercritical carbon dioxide to extract wax from OCC
Course Outline
z The Paper Recycling US Industry
z Contaminants
z Effect of Recycling on Fibers/Paper
z Unit Operations
 Pulping, Cleaning, Screening, Washing,
Flotation, Dispersion, Bleaching,
z Image Analysis, Deinking Chemicals
z System Design
Course Activities
z Viewing of the Videos of Lectures
 Base lectures by Venditti
 Guest lectures from industry leaders
z Reading assignments from Recycled Fiber and
Deinking, Book 7 of the Series: Papermaking
Science and Technology
z Reading assignments: selected research papers
z Homeworks: 6 assignments
z Final Project: Literature Review and Research
Proposal
Course Objectives
z Broad understanding of paper
recycling science and technology
z Develop an expertise in a selected
research topic in paper recycling
Critical Issues in Recycling:
z Going deeper into the wastepaper stream
=> poor quality material
z Meeting paper specifications, which are

getting more stringent
z Increased demands for paper from
emerging countries
z Environmentally benign operations at the
same time both of the above are being
satisfied
Recovered fiber, not
“Wastepaper”
Recovered Fiber, not
“Wastepaper”
z Learning objectives
 Understand the trends of paper recycling in
the industry
 Identify the major grades of recovered fiber
 Identify the major types of contaminants in
recovered fiber
Global Paper and Board Demand
Overall Positive Growth
Slide by: Richard B. Phillips, PhD
Adjunct Professor WPS NCSU
Source: RISI
GDP Growth Major World Economies
China, Eastern Europe Dynamic Growth Regions
China
Eastern
Europe
Source: RISI
Slide by: Richard B. Phillips, PhD
Adjunct Professor WPS NCSU
Paper & Paperboard Consumption vs GDP

Increases with Wealth … Levels Off
Source: 2007 FAO Forest Resource Assessment
Slide by: Richard B. Phillips, PhD
Adjunct Professor WPS NCSU
Asian Supply has Grown to Match Demand
Little Incentive for others to develop export strategy
Source: RISI
Slide by: Richard B. Phillips, PhD
Adjunct Professor WPS NCSU
Use of Recovered Paper
Growing in China, Europe … flat in USA
Source: RISI
Slide by: Richard B. Phillips, PhD
Adjunct Professor WPS NCSU
Use of Recovered fiber Flat in USA
Moving increasingly to Asia
Source: RISI
Slide by: Richard B. Phillips, PhD
Adjunct Professor WPS NCSU
Recycled Fiber Definitions
z Secondary Fiber: fibers that have previously been
used in a manufacturing process and have been
reclaimed as raw material for another process.
z Pre-consumer waste: any waste, printed or
unprinted, generated in the fabrication or
conversion of finished paper. Before use by a
consumer as a final end product.
z Post-consumer waste: Paper that has passed
through the end usage as a consumer product.
z Internal broke: off-specification paper that is

repulped and used at the same site, not considered
secondary fiber.
Recycled Fiber Definitions
z Recovery Rate (RR)
 how much paper is diverted from landfill
z Utilization Rate (UR)
 fraction of recycled fibers contained in paper
Consumed Paper of Tons
Collected Wastepaper of Tons
%100RR =
duced Paper Proof Tons
at Mills Consumed Wastepaper of Tons
%100UR =
Supply
1
(000
tons)
Recover
ed (000
tons)
Recover
y Rate
2
1993 91,538 35,460 38.70%
1994 95,718 39,691 41.50%
1995 95,971 42,189 44.00%
1996 94,529 43,076 45.60%
1997 99,557 43,989 44.20%
1998 101,183 45,076 44.60%
1999 105,316 46,818 44.50%

2000 102,810 47,311 46.00%
2001 97,395 46,996 48.30%
2002 98,949 47,645 48.20%
2003 98,016 49,255 50.30%
2004 101,882 50,287 49.40%
2005 99,618 51,272 51.50%
2006 100,198 53,488 53.40%
Source: AF&PA, 2006 Recovered
Paper Annual Statistics
Source: AF&PA, 2006 Recovered
Paper Annual Statistics
Utilization of Recovered Paper in the US
Paper
Recovered
(000 tons)
Paper
Landfilled
(000 tons)
1993 35,460 38,399
1994 39,691 38,118
1995 42,189 36,118
1996 43,076 34,331
1997 43,989 37,174
1998 45,077 38,329
1999 46,818 41,255
2000 47,311 39,568
2001 46,996 35,894
2002 47,645 37,601
2003 49,255 36,032
2004 50,287 39,107

2005 51,272 36,846
2006 53,488 35,660
Source: AF&PA, 2006 Recovered
Paper Annual Statistics
Pkging Material
Recovered, 2006
Paper 22.9
Glass 2.8
Metal 2.2
Plastic 1.3
Other 1.3
Total 30.5
(000,000 tons)
Source: AF&PA, 2006 Recovered
Paper Annual Statistics
Source: AF&PA, 2006 Recovered
Paper Annual Statistics
Recovered Paper Statistical Highlights, 2005 Edition, AF&PA
Exports and Imports of Recovered Paper
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Year
Millions of Tons
Exports
Imports
Major Recovered Paper Grades
z Mixed Papers: mixed papers, low quality office
waste, magazines, catalogs, telephone directories,
recycled boxboard cuttings, tissue paper
converting scraps if mainly composed of recycled
fiber, mill wrappers, specialty grades, all other
grades not specified
z Newspapers: old newspapers, special news,
groundwood computer printout, coated
groundwood sections, publication blanks, mixed
groundwood and flyleaf shavings
Major Recovered Paper Grades
z Corrugated: old corrugated containers, container
cuttings, kraft paper and bags, old solid fiber
containers, kraft bag clippings, carrier stock and
its clippings
z Pulp Substitutes and high grade deinking:
bleached chemical pulped office papers and CPO
suitable for deinking, or as a pulp substitute if
unprinted, bleached sulfite and sulfate cuttings
including tissue paper converting scrap if
predominantly composed of bleached chemical
pulp fiber, coated book stock