Luyện chuyên sâu ngữ pháp và bài tập tiếng anh 10 (HS) ebook hoit asia

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Unit 2. YOUR BODY AND YOU
(Bạn và cơ thể bạn)
A. VOCABULARY
New words

Meaning

Pictures

Example
Acupuncture is one of the oldest

acupuncture

medical treatments in the world.

/ˈækjupʌŋktʃə(r)/ châm cứu

Châm cứu là một trong những

(n)

phương pháp điều trị bệnh cổ xưa
nhất trên thế giới.

addictive
/əˈdɪktɪv/

Tobacco is highly addictive.

gây nghiện

cao.

(adj)

The disease affects both humans

affect
/əˈfekt/

ảnh hưởng

(v)

/ˈælədʒi/
(n)

Căn bệnh ảnh hưởng đến cả người

Treat minor ailments yourself.
bệnh tật

Hãy tự mình chữa trị những căn
bệnh nhẹ.

(n)

allergy

and animals.

và động vật.

ailment
/ˈeɪlmənt/

Thuốc lá có tính chất gây nghiện

dị ứng

Hair

and

feathers

can

cause

allergies.
Tóc và lơng có thể gây ra sự dị ứng.


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The level of iron in her blood was

blood

/blʌd/

too low.

máu

Hàm lượng sắt trong máu đã quá

(n)

thấp.

bone
/bəʊn/

Unluckily, I have broken a bone.
xương

Thật không may, tôi đã bị gãy mất

(n)

một cái xương.

boost

The new service has boosted profits.

/buːst/

đẩy

mạnh,

tăng cường

(v)

não, bộ não

(n)

Anh ta chết vì bị chấn thương não

Doctors gave him oxygen to help
thở

(v)

him breathe.
Các bác sỹ đã cung cấp ô xy cho
anh ta để giúp anh ta thở.

cancer
/ˈkỉnsə(r)/

road accident.

sau vụ tai nạn giao thơng.

breathe
/briːð/

nhuận tăng lên.
He died from brain injuries after a

brain
/breɪn/

Ngành dịch vụ mới đã đẩy mạnh lợi

ung thư

(n)

She died of cancer.
Cô ấy chết vì bệnh ung thư.

The circulatory system plays an
important role in bringing oxygen to

circulatory
/ˌsɜːkjəˈleɪtəri/
(a)

thuộc về tuần

all parts of the body.

hoàn

Hệ tuần hồn đóng vai trị quan
trọng trong việc cung cấp oxy cho
toàn bộ cơ thể.


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consume
/kənˈsjuːm/

He consumed a large quantity of
tiêu thụ, dùng

Anh ta đã uống một lượng rượu lớn.

(v)

Many buildings were damaged in

damage
/ˈdæmɪdʒ/

phá hủy, làm

the storm.

thiệt hại

Nhiều tòa nhà đã bị phá hủy trong

(v)

trận bão.

diet
/ˈdaɪət/

alcohol.

chế

độ

ăn

uống

Her diet isn’t very healthy.
Chế độ ăn uống của cô ta khơng
lành mạnh.

(n)

Having a healthy diet can help to
digestive
/daɪˈdʒestɪv/

(thuộc)
hóa

(a)

tiêu

prevent digestive problems.
Có một chế độ ăn uống lành mạnh
có thể giúp ngăn chặn được các vấn
đề về tiêu hóa.

Eating fatty food increases the risk

disease
/dɪˈziːz/

bệnh

(n)

(n)

Ăn thực phẩm giàu chât béo làm
tăng nguy cơ mắc bệnh tim.

She finds it hard to express her

emotion
/ɪˈməʊʃn/

of heart disease.

cảm xúc

emotions.
Cơ ấy cảm thấy khó khăn để bày tỏ
cảm xúc của mình.


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There’s no evidence to support her

evidence
/ˈevɪdəns/

bằng chứng

(n)

hàn gắn, chữa
(bệnh)

(v)

incredible
/ɪnˈkredəbl/

Đó là một câu chuyện khó tin.

Lung cancer is one of the most

phổi

serious diseases.
Ung thư phổi là một trong những
căn bệnh nghiêm trọng nhất.

muscle

I think I may have injured a muscle.
cơ bắp

Tôi nghĩ có thể là tơi bị chấn
thương cơ bắp rồi.

(n)

Needles are used in this medical

needle

(n)

của bạn.

được

(n)

/ˈniːdl/

Cái này sẽ giúp chữa lành vết đứt

That is an incredible story.

lung

/ˈmʌsl/

This one will help to heal your cuts.

khơng thể tin

(adj)

/lʌŋ/

Khơng có bằng chứng nào ủng hộ
câu chuyện của cô ấy.

heal
/hiːl/

story.

cây kim

treatment.
Những cây kim được sử dụng trong
phương pháp điều trị này.

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nerve
/nɜːv/

Every nerve in her body was tense.
dây thần kinh

ấy căng ra.

(n)

nervous
/ˈnɜːrvəs/

lo lắng, căng

I am nervous about the next exam.

thẳng

Tôi lo lắng cho kỳ thi sắp tới.

(adj)

He began to lose his memory as he

memory
/ˈmeməri/

got older.

trí nhớ

Ơng ấy bắt đẩu mất trí nhớ khi về

(n)

già.

originate
/əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/

bắt nguồn, có
nguồn gốc

These fruits originated in Vietnam.
Những loại quả này có nguồn gốc ở
Việt Nam.

(v)

poultry
/ˈpəʊltri/

Mọi dây thần kinh trong người cô

Eat plenty of fish and poultry.

gia cầm

Hãy ăn nhiều cá và thịt gia cầm.

(n)

The function of the respiratory
respiratory
/rəˈspɪrətri/
(a)

(thuộc)
hấp

hô

system is to exchange two gases:
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Chức năng của hệ hơ hấp là trao
đổi hai khí O2 và CO2.


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B. GRAMMAR
I. THE FUTURE SIMPLE WITH WILL AND BE GOING TO (THÌ TƯƠNG LAI VỚI
WILL VA BE GOING TO)
a. The future simple with “will”
* Cấu trúc (Form)
Affirmative (Khẳng định)

S + will + V (bare-inf) + (O)

Negative (Phủ định)

Interrogative (Nghi vấn)

S + will + not + V (bare-inf) + Will + S + V (bare-inf) +
(O)

(O)?

The shop will open in June.

The shop won’t open in June.

Will the shop open in

(will = ‘ll)

(won’t = will not)

June?

Note: Trong những ngữ cảnh trang trọng thì ta có thể dùng shall thay cho will khi đi với chủ
ngữ I và We
E.g: Shall/ Will I see you before 10 o’clock?
* Cách dùng (Use)
- Diễn tả dự đốn khơng có căn cứ (predictions)
E.g: I think it will rain tomorrow. (Tôi nghĩ ngày mai trời sẽ mưa.)
- Diễn tả quyết định nhất thời tại thời điểm nói (decisions made at the moment of speaking)

E.g: I will drink coffee, please. (Tôi sẽ uống cà phê.)
- Diễn tả lời yêu cẩu, đề nghị (requests and offers)
E.g: Will you help me carry this suitcase, please? (Bạn làm ơn giúp tôi mang cái va li
này nhé?)  a request
E.g: Shall I make you a cup of tea? (Tôi pha cho bạn tách trà nhé?)  an offer
- Diễn tả lời hứa (promises)
E.g: I promise I will arrive on time. (Tôi hứa sẽ đến đúng giờ.)
- Diễn tả lời từ chối với won’t (refusals)


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E.g: No, I won’t eat this kind of food. (Không, tơi sẽ khơng ăn món ăn này.)
- Diễn tả sự việc thực tế sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai (future facts)
E.g: The shop will open tomorrow. (Cửa hàng sẽ mở cửa vào ngày mai.)
* Time phrases (Các cụm từ thời gian)
Chúng ta thường sử dụng thì này với các cụm từ thời gian như tomorrow, next week/ month/
etc., in the future, when I’m older, later, soon, etc.
Note: Chúng ta cũng thường sử dụng thì tương lai đơn với các cụm từ như I hope/ think/
expect/ etc hoặc các từ như probably/ perhaps
E.g: Perhaps it will rain tomorrow.
b. The future simple with “be going to”
* Cấu trúc (Form)
Affirmative (Khẳng định)

Negative (Phủ định)

Interrogative (Nghi vấn)

S + is/ am/ are + going to + S + is/ am/ are + not + going Is/ Am/ Are + S + going to +

V(bare-inf) + (O)

to + V(bare-inf) + (O)

V(bare-inf) + (O)?

They are going to visit their They aren’t going to visit Are they going to visit their
parents.

their parents.

parents?

* Cách dùng (Use)
- Diễn tả dự định, kế hoạch trong tương lai (future plans and intentions)
E.g: I’m going to get married next year. (Tôi dự định năm sau kết hơn.)
- Diễn tả dự đốn có căn cứ, bằng chứng ở hiện tại (predictions based on present evidence)
E.g: Bill is playing very well. He isn’t going to lose this game. (Bill đang chơi rất tốt.
Anh ấy chắc chắn sẽ không thua trận này được.)
E.g: Look at that tree! It is going to fall on your car! (Hãy nhìn vào cái cây kia đi! Nó
sắp đổ vào xe ô tô bạn rồi kìa.)
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
I. Put the verbs into the correct form (future simple tense will).
Tim, 16 years old, asked an ugly fortune teller about his future. Here is what she told him:


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1. You (be) ………………………………. very happy.
2. You (get) ………………………………. a lot of money.

3. You (buy) ………………………………. a beautiful house.
4. Your friends (envy) ………………………………. you.
5. You (meet) ………………………………. a beautiful woman.
6. You (marry) ………………………………. her.
7. You and your wife (travel) ………………………………. around the world.
8. People (serve) ………………………………. you.
9. They (not/ refuse) ………………………………. to make you happy.
10. But all this (happen/ only) ………………………………. when you are 70 years old.
II. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the given words using “going
to” future.

1. My father/ paint the room purple.

2. My brother/ ride a horse.

…………………………………………..

…………………………………………..


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3. I/ learn the English alphabet.

4. You/ do exercise?

…………………………………………..

…………………………………………..

5. They/ get married.

6. I/ have a big breakfast.

…………………………………………..

…………………………………………..

7. We/ have fun at the playground.

8. Mickey/ play computer games.

…………………………………………..

…………………………………………..


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III. Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct tense (the future simple ‘will’ or
‘going to’ future).
1. John: Did you remember to bring that book I lent you? - Paul: Oh, sorry, I forgot again. I
(bring) ………………………… it tomorrow.
2. Sally: Do you know what to buy your sister for her birthday? - Tom: Yes. I (buy)
………………………… her a book on gardening.
3. I don’t feel like going out this evening. I (stay) ………………………… at home and
watch TV.
4. Elizabeth: There’s someone at the door. - Mark: I (go) ………………………… and see
who it is.
5. David: Do you know that Mark (open) ………………………… a shop in the center of

town? - Linda: Really? What type of shop?
6. I’ve decided that I (look) ………………………… for a new job.
7. The train is faster than the bus. - OK, I (take) ………………………… the train.
8. There’s a big traffic jam on the motorway to the stadium. - OK, I (go)
………………………… another way.
9. Do you know what to buy your dad for his birthday? - Yes, I (buy)
………………………… a watch.
10. Did you bring my books? - Sorry, I forgot. I (bring) ………………………… them
tomorrow.
11. There’s someone at the door. - OK, I (open) ………………………… it.
12. My wife and I (start) ………………………… a new business. We’re planning to open
an antiques shop.
II. THE PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
1. Cấu trúc (Form)
Chủ động: S + V + O
Bị động: S + be + PP (+ by + O)
* Note:


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- TÂN NGỮ (O) trong câu chủ động làm CHỦ NGỮ trong câu bị động.
- ĐỘNG TỪ (V) trong câu chủ động sẽ chuyển thành “be + PP”. Trong đó “be” chia theo
thì và chia theo chủ ngữ.
- CHỦ NGỮ (S) trong câu chủ động sẽ biến đổi thành tân ngữ và có giới từ “bỵ” phía trước
(by + O).
E.g: Chủ động: My parents (S) will build (V) a house (O) next year.
 Bị động: A house (S) will be built (be PP) by my parents (by O) next year.

2. Các bước để chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động

a. Xác định S, V, O và thời của V trong câu chủ động.
b. Lấy O trong câu chủ động làm S của câu bị động.
c. Lấy S trong câu chủ động làm O và đặt sau by trong câu bị động.
d. Biến đổi V chính trong câu chủ động thành PP (Past Participle) trong câu bị động.
e. Thêm To be vào trước PP trong câu bị động (To be phải chia theo thời của V chính trong
câu chủ động và chia theo số của S trong câu bị động).
- Trong câu bị động by + O luôn đứng sau adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn) và đứng
trước adverbs of time (trạng từ chỉ thời gian).
- Trong câu bị động, có thể bỏ: by people, by us, by them, by someone, by him, by her …
nếu chỉ đối tượng không xác định.
3. Cấu trúc câu bị động với các thì
Tenses (Thì)
1. Hiện tại đơn

Active (Chủ động)
S + V(s/es) + O

Passive (Bị động)
S + is/am/are + PP (+ by + O)

E.g: I do my homework every  My homework is done every
evening.

evening.

2. Hiện tại tiếp S + is/am/are + V-ing + O

S + is/am/are + being + PP (+ by

diễn

+ O)

E.g. He is reading books now.

 Books are being read (by


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him) now.
3. Quá khứ đơn

S + V-ed/cột 2 + O

S + was/were + PP (+ by + O)

E.g. She wrote a letter yesterday.

 A letter was written (by her)
yesterday.

4. Quá khứ tiếp S + was/were + V-ing + O
diễn

E.g.

They

were

doing

S + was/were +being + PP (+ by
the + O)

housework at 9 am yesterday.

 The housework was being
done at 9 am yesterday.

5. Hiện tại hoàn S + have/ has + PP + O
thành

S + have/ has + been + PP (+ by

E.g: My parents have given me a + O)
new computer.

 I have been given a new
computer by my parents.
OR: A new computer has been
given to me by my parents.

6. Hiện tại hoàn S + have/has + been + V-ing + O
thành tiếp diễn

S + have/has + been + being +

E.g: Tim has been repairing the PP (+ by + O)

roof for 2 hours.

 The roof has been being
repaired by Tim for 2 hours.

7. Quá khứ hoàn S + had + PP + O
thành

E.g: He had finished his homework  His homework had been
before 9 p.m yesterday.

8. Quá khứ hoàn S + had + been + V-ing + O
thành tiếp diễn

S + had + been + PP (+ by + O)

finished before 9 p.m yesterday.
S + had + been + being + PP (+

E.g: I had been typing the letter for by + O)
3 hours before you came yesterday.

 The letter had been being
typed for 3 hours before you
came yesterday.

9. Tương lai đơn

S + will + V (nguyên thể) + O
E.g: She will meet him tomorrow.

S + will + be + PP (+ by + O)


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 He will be met tomorrow.
10. Tương lai tiếp S + will + be + V-ing + O
diễn

S + will + be + being + PP (+ by

E.g: She will be taking care of her + O)
children at this time tomorrow.

 Her children will be being
taken care of at this time
tomorrow.

11.

Tương

hoàn thành

lai S + will + have + PP + O

S + will + have + been + PP (+

E.g: They will have completed this by + O)

house by the end of this year.

 This house will have been
completed by the end of this
year.

12.

Tương

lai S + will + have + been + V-ing + O

S + will + have + been + being +

hoàn thành tiếp E.g: I will have been teaching PP (+ by + O)
diễn
English for 5 years by next week.
 English will have been being
taught by me for 5 years by next
week.
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
IV. Decide whether the following sentences belong to the active voice or passive voice.
1. I have never been to Paris. (active voice/ passive voice)
2. I have never been arrested. (active voice/ passive voice)
3. The tower was built in 1802 by a French Artist. (active voice/ passive voice)
4. Nothing happened. (active voice/ passive voice)
5. No one was injured by the fire. (active voice/ passive voice)
6. The award was given to the top student. (active voice/ passive voice)
7. We decided not to hire anyone. (active voice/ passive voice)
8. The pizza was delicious. (active voice/ passive voice)

9. The pizza was ordered. (active voice/ passive voice)


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10. The pizza made me sick. (active voice/ passive voice)
V. Fill in the blank with the correct form of the passive voice
1. The words (to explain - Present simple) ……………………………. by the teacher.
2. My car (to steal - Past simple) ……………………………. while I was gardening.
3. A new restaurant (to open - Future simple) ……………………………. next week
4. Our street (to close - Present continuous) ……………………………. because of snow.
5. A new house (to build - be going to) ……………………………. by my parents next
month.
VI. Change the sentences into the passive voice by filling in the missing words.
1. People eat 40 million hamburgers every day.
 40 million hamburgers ……………………………. every day.
2. People speak English all over the world
 English ……………………………. all over the world.
3. Where did they invent gun powder?
 Where …………………. gun powder ……………………….?
4. The police didn’t find the missing girl last weekend.
 The missing girl ……………………………. last weekend.
5. Tourists don’t visit this museum very often.
 This museum ……………………………. very often.
6. Workers are building a new fun park in town.
 A new fun park ……………………………. in town.
7. When did they translate this book into English?
 When ……………………. this book ………………………. into English?
8. Women send thousands of emails to the star every month.
 Thousands of emails ……………………………. to the star every month.

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9. Daisy brought me some fresh grapes.
 I ……………………………. some fresh grapes by Daisy.
10. Some dangerous looking men were following me the whole evening.
 I ……………………………. the whole evening by some dangerous looking men.
VII. Change the sentences into the passive voice.
1. People speak Vietnamese in Vietnam.
………………………………………………………………………….
2. The government is planning a new road near my house.
………………………………………………………………………….
3. My grandfather built this house in 1990.
………………………………………………………………………….
4. Picasso was painting Guernica at that time.
………………………………………………………………………….
5. The cleaner has cleaned the office.
………………………………………………………………………….
6. He had written three books before 1867.
………………………………………………………………………….
7. John will tell you later.
………………………………………………………………………….
8. Somebody did the work.
………………………………………………………………………….
VIII. Change the sentences into the active voice.
1. The children are helped by the policemen.
………………………………………………………………………….
2. A letter is being typed by the manager.

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………………………………………………………………………….
3. Sally’s little brother will be looked after by her.
………………………………………………………………………….
4. Our window was broken by the robber.
………………………………………………………………………….
5. The car has been cleaned by us.
………………………………………………………………………….
6. I was offered a bike for my birthday by my parents.
………………………………………………………………………….
IX. Reorder the words to make a complete sentence.
1. in Thailand/ made/ cars/ are/?
………………………………………………………………………….
2. to hospital/ been/ taken/ has/ she/?
………………………………………………………………………….
3. fried/ the potatoes/ be/ can/ in ten minutes/?
………………………………………………………………………….
4. for the exam/ be/ prepared/ the students/ will/?
………………………………………………………………………….
5. tea/ when/ be/ served/ will/?
………………………………………………………………………….
6. today/ being/ is/ lunch/ provided?
………………………………………………………………………….
7. given/ last week/ laptops/ were/ to them/?
………………………………………………………………………….
8. the videos/ may/ be/ broadcasted/?
………………………………………………………………………….

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BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
X. Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct tense.
1. The train (arrive) ……………………………. at 12:30.
2. We (have) ……………………………. dinner at a seaside restaurant on Sunday.
3. It (snow) ……………………………. in Brighton tomorrow evening.
4. On Friday at 8 o’clock I (meet) ……………………………. my friend.
5. John (fly) ……………………………. to London on Monday morning.
6. Wait! I (drive) ……………………………. you to the station.
7. The English lesson (start) ……………………………. at 8:45.
8. Are you still writing your essay? If you (finish) ……………………………. by 4 pm, we
can go for a walk.
9. You’re carrying too much. I (open) ……………………………. the door for you.
10. Look at the clouds – it (rain) ……………………………. in a few minutes.
XI. Change the sentences into the passive voice by filling in the missing words.
1. Someone burgled my house while I was away.
 My house ……………………………. while I was away.
2. He started to leave before they had given him the directions.
 He started to leave before he ……………………………. directions.
3. I went to the showroom but was informed that they had sold all the houses.
 I went to the showroom but was informed that all the houses ………………………
4. They were still building the hotel when we stayed there.
 The hotel ……………………………. when we stayed there.
5. They sent my son home from school for being cheeky to the teachers.
 My son ………………………. home from school for being cheeky to the teachers.
6. My doctor prescribed me some medicine for my cough.

a

 I ……………………………. some medicine for my cough.
7. They haven’t finished fixing my car yet. They’re so slow!
 My car ……………………………. yet. They’re so slow!
8. I visited my home town last year, only to find that they’d demolished the house I’d grown
up in.
 I visited my hometown last year, only to find that the house I’d grown up in
…………………………….
XII. Change the sentences into the passive voice.
1. Tim collects money.
………………………………………………………………………….
2. Mai opened the window.
………………………………………………………………………….
3. We have done our homework
………………………………………………………………………….
4. I will ask a question.
………………………………………………………………………….
5. He can cut out the picture.
………………………………………………………………………….
6. We do not clean our rooms.
………………………………………………………………………….
7. David will not repair the car.
………………………………………………………………………….
8. Did Sue draw this circle?
………………………………………………………………………….
XIII. Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). You must either use the Simple
Present or the Past Simple.

a

The Statue of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty (1. give) …………………….. to the United States by France. It (2.
be) …………………….. a present on the 100 th anniversary of the United States. The Statue
of Liberty (3. design) …………………….. by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. It (4. complete)
…………………….. in France in July 1884. In 350 pieces, the statue then (5. ship)
…………………….. to New York, where it (6. arrive) …………………….. on 17 th June
1885. The pieces (7. put) …………………….. together and the opening ceremony (8. take)
…………………….. place on 28th October 1886. The Statue of Liberty (9. be)
…………………….. 46m high (93m including the base). The statue (10. represent)
…………………….. the goddess of liberty. She (11. hold) …………………….. a torch in
her right hand and a tablet in her left hand. On the tablet, the date of the Declaration of
Independence (4th July, 1776) can be seen. Every year, the Statue of Liberty (12. visit)
…………………….. by millions of people from all over the world.