Báo cáo " ảnh hưởng của Butachlor lên hệ thống Oxy hóa của cá trắm cỏ (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)" pptx

TAP CHi KHOA HOC
VA
CONG NGHE Tap 47, s6 6, 2009 Tr. 59-67
ANH
HU'QNG
CUA BUTACHLOR LEN HE THONG CHONG OXY
HOA CUA cA TRAM CO
{Ctenopharyngodon
idellus)
PHAN
VAN
TRi,
TRAN
THANH PHONG,
DO
QUY HAI
1.
DAT VAN DE
Str dung rong rai cac thuoc bao ve thuc vat (BVTV) 6' tren dong ruong dugc xem la mot
trong nhirng yeu cau ca ban nham dam bao viec on dinh nang suat
ctia
cay trong. Ben canh cac
mat tich cue, viec su' dung khong kiem soat cac hoa chat trir sau va diet co trong cac loai thuoc
bao ve thuc vat gay ra nhirng tac hai cho moi sinh va anh huang den quan the dong vat
a
nuac.
Dae
biet, cac loai ca da chiu anh huang
true
tiep cua thuoc BVTV trong qua trinh san xuat. Cac
hoa chat nay va cac chat chuyen hoa

tii'
chting gay doc doi vai ca the sinh vat c6 lien quan den
stress oxy hoa (Ozcan et al. 2004).
Cac thuoc BVTV co the gay ra stress oxy hoa dan den su tao thanh cac goc
tir
do va su bien doi
trong cac chat chong oxy hoa hoac he thong enzim bat cac goc oxy tu do.
Sir
peroxide hoa lipid co ca
che phan ttr lien quan vai dgc tinh dugc cam trng boi thuoc BVTV (Ozcan et al. 2004).
Nhieu cong trinh nghien ctru da de cap den anh huong
ctia
cac hoa chat
trir
sau va diet co
len
sir
thay doi hoat do enzim chong oxy hoa va cac chi so hoa sinh a ca (Crestani et al. 2007;
Diana et al. 2006; Ozcan et al. 2004; Xionghai et al. 2007). Hoat tinh
ctia
cac enzim chong oxy
hoa, trang thai glutation, mirc do
ctia sir
peroxide hoa lipid, su cam irng
ctia
cac isozyme,
thuang dugc str dung nhu la cac marker sinh hoc de danh gia mirc do doc tinh
ctia
thuoc BVTV.
Ket qua nghien ciru

ctia
chimg toi nham gop phan danh gia tac dong
ciia
butachlor len cac
enzyme chong oxy hoa va cac chi so hoa sinh
a
cac mo, ca quan khac nhau
ctia
ca tram co.
2.
NGUYEN LIEU VA
PHtTONG
PHAP NGHIEN
CUtJ
2.1.
Nguyen lieu nghien
ciru
Ca Tram co {Ctenopharyngodon idellus) da truong thanh, trong lugng ca khoang 800 -
1200
g, mua tai cac ho nuoi gia dinh va tai cac chg
a
Thira Thien Hue.
Butachlor la chat diet co, thuoc nhom chat acetamide, dugc phep str dung tai Viet Nam.
Cong thtrc hoa hgc la:
C17H26CINO2
(N-Butoximetyl-2-clo-2,6-dietylacetanilide). Butachlor la
thuoc doc bang III,
LD50
qua mieng 3.300 mg/kg, LD50 qua da: 4080 mg/kg. Butachlor la thuoc
trir

CO
ngi hap, co tac dung chon Igc,
trii'
co long vuc, duoi phung,
chae,
lac
2.2.
Phu-o'ng
phap nghien
ciJu
2.2.1.
Chudn bi mdu
Truoc tien ca dugc nuoi on djnh trong nuoc khoang 24 gia. Tilp do
xii'
li voi butachlor a
nong do 3,6 ppm va 1,8 ppm trong 24 gia. Ca sau khi xu li dugc tach cac mo va ca quan nhu
gan, mang, ca trang, ca do, tim va lach dl
sti'
dung cho nghien cuu.
59
Mau (1 g) dugc nghiin va dong nhat bang
each
cho them 9 ml dung dich
NaCI
0,62%o.
Lay
0,5 ml djch
miu
dl do chi so peroxide hoa lipid. Phan con lai dugc li tam
a

4°C, 17000
vong/phtit
trong 10 phut, sau do diing djch trong de xac djnh boat do enzim superoxide
dismutase (SOD), catalase (C-ase) va peroxidase (P-ase).
MIU
(1 g) dugc nghiin vai 9 ml trichloacetic acid (TCA) 5%, li tam
a
5000
vong/phiit
trong 5 phtit, lay phan dich de xac dinh ham lugng glutathion dang
khti'
(GSH).
2.2.2. Xdc dinh hogt do enzyme SOD
Hoat do SOD dugc xac djnh dua vao u'c che su tao thanh adrenochrom, la san pham
ctia
adrenalin qua qua trinh tu oxy boa
a
pH =
10,2
va so mau
a
buac song 480 nm (Matkovics et al.
1977).
2.2.3.
Xdc dinh hogt do enzyme
C-ase
•, • :
;;
Hoat do C-ase dugc xac djnh theo phuong phap chuan do bang
KMn04

0,1 N, dua vao
lugng
H2O2
bj phan
hiiy
boi enzim tao thanh
H2O
va
O2
(Do Quy Hai
1986).
2.2.4.
Xdc dinh hogt do enzyme P-ase
Hoat do enzyme P-ase dugc xac djnh bang
each
do kha nang
xtic
tac
ctia
enzyme len toe do
ciia
phan irng chuyen boa nhua guaiacol thanh tetraguaiacol vai
sir
tham gia
ctia H2O2
va so mau
6'
buoc song 470 nm (Do Quy Hai
1986).
2.2.5. Xdc dmh hdm lucmg GSH

Ham lugng GSH dugc xac djnh bang thuoc thtr
Ellinan
(Jozef,
Raymond
1968),
dua tren ca
SO'
cac nhom chira SH khong co ban chat protein phan irng voi 5,5-dithiobis-2 nitrobenzoic acid
(DTNB) va so mau a buac song
412
nm. . ,
2.2.6.
Chi so peroxide hda lipid (LP)
Chi so LP duoc xac djnh dua vao san pham trung gian malondialdehyde (MDA) dugc tao
ra do su peroxide hoa lipid. Trong moi truong acid MDA tao thanh phuc mau hong ben vai
^id
2-thiobarbituric (TBA) va so mau
a
buoc song 532 nm (Placer et al.
1966).
2.3.
Xir li so
lieu
H'
Moi thi nghiem dugc lap lai 3 lan. Ket qua thi nghiem dugc
xti'
li
thong ke dl tinh gia,tri
trung binh va phan tich LSD voi p < 0,05
b5ng

chuong trinh SAS. ,
-,
•V
3.
KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1.
Anh huong cua butachlor len cac enzyme chong oxy hoa
Ket qua su thay doi boat do enzim chong
oxy.hoa
duai tac dung
ctia
butachlor
a n6ng
do
3,6 ppm va 1,8 ppm sau 24 gia xu li dugc trinh bay a cac hinh
1,
2 va 3.
60
3.2. Anh
hu'bng ciia
butachlor len SOD
Sau 24 gia xtr li vai butachlor, hoat do SOD a mang, tim va lach deu giam.
C»
gan, ca trang
va ca do hoat do nay tang a
ning
do thap
ciia
butachlor va giam a nong do cao. Nhu vay,
a

nong
do cao (3,6 ppm), boat do SOD a cac mo deu giam so voi doi chu'ng (hinh
1).
Theo nghien ciru
ciia
Xionghai va dong tac gia (2007), khi
xti'
li chat diet co alachlor len ca
chep
{Carassiiis auraliis)
trong 60 ngay thi hoat tinh SOD
a
gan tang dan ciing vai nong do
alachlor. Hoat tinh SOD tang nhe a nong do thap
ciia
alachlor (4-16
pg/l).
Khi nong do alachlor
tang, boat tinh SOD
dirge
tich luy co y nghTa va dat
cue
dai (tang
150%
so voi doi chirng) a
nong do 250
pg/l.
Trong nghien cu'u
ciia
chiing toi, khi

xti'
li vai butachlor nong do 1,8 ppm,
hoat do SOD tang
a
gan (20,6%), ca trang (129%)) va co' do (17,36%) so voi doi chiing. Hoat
tinh SOD dugc cam u'ng co y nghTa a gan, ca trang va ca do, dan den
sir
tang cac goc superoxide
6' nong do butachlor 1,8 ppm. SOD
xiic
tac chuyen goc superoxide thanh
HiOi
va
O2
va la enzim
dau tien
xii'
ii goc oxy (Kappus
1985).
Su
ire
che hoat tinh SOD
a
nong do 6 nhiem cao
phii
hgp
vdi cong bo
ciia
Zhang va dong tac gia (2004).
16 .

14
c
B
12
o
p
10
Q
o
(f)
c:
<gj
o-
4
TO-
O
X
Mang
Ca
tring
I Butachlor 3.6 ppm
D
Butachlor 1.8 ppm
[H 06i
chtrng
Jl
Gan
IVlanq Catranq Co
do
Tim

Lach
Hinh
I.
Hoat
do
rieng
cua
enzyme SOD
a
cac
mo ca
tram
co
(LSDo,o5=
0,15)
3.3.
Anh hu'd'ng cua butachlor len P-ase
Xir li voi butachlor a ca hai nong do lam giam boat do P-ase a gan, tim va lach. Trong khi
do,
a mang, ca do va ca trang boat do P-ase tang so voi doi chirng voi butachlor nong do
1,8 ppm va giam khi xu' li a
ning
do 3,6 ppm (hinh 2).
Nghien ciru
ctia
Do Quy Hai va Cap Xuan
Tii
(2000), cho thay duoi tac dpng cua thuoc trir
sau monitor boat do peroxidase a mo gan, tim va than
ciia

chuot
nhSt trJng
{Mus musculus) deu
giam so voi doi chting.
61
B
o
I
CL
CD
E
3^
cu
(/)
03
40
35
30
25
20
15
'm
B
Butachlor 3.6 ppm
C
Butachlor 1.8 ppm
^
Doi chtrng
•^
10

<o-
•a
o
I
u
Gan
Mang
Ca trang
t
Co
(36
Tim
Lach
Hinh
2.
Hoat do rieng
ciia
enzim peroxidase a cac mo ca tram co
(LSDQ.OS
-0,14)
3.4.
Anh hu'ong
ciia
butachlor len C-ase
0.7
c
B
"o
i_
CL

E
OJ
(/)
ro
6
cn
c
<a)
<o-
•a
"ro-
o
I
06
0.5
0,4
0.3
02
01
I
LJ
li
• Butachlor 3.6 ppm
D
Butachlor 1.8 ppm
•
Doi chu'ng
ry
Gan
Mang

Ca tring Cc do
Tim
Lach
Hinh
3.
Hoat do rieng enzim catalase
a
cac mo ca tram co
(LSDmis
- 0.02)
Tuang tu
\6'\
P-ase, boat do C-ase a gan. tim va lach deu giam
a
ca hai nong do
xti'
li. vai
nong
dp
butachlor cao hoat do C-ase giam manh.
6
mang va ca trang, boat do C-ase tang
a
nong
62
do thap va giam a nong do cao
ciia
butachlor. Trong khi do, hoat dp C-ase
a
ca do tang so voi

doi chirng
a
ca 2 nong dp xtr li va dat gia trj Ion nhat
a
nong dp butachlor
1.8
ppm (hinh 3).
Hoat tinh C-ase tang cao de phan u'ng lai su tieu thu oxy tang do tiem nang san xuat
H2O2
Ion (Ritola et al. 2002). C-ase la mpt enzim cam
ting
bao ve he thong sinh hpc chong lai cac loai
oxy phan trng (Romeo et al. 2000). Phan irng khac nhau
ctia
catalase dugc nhan thay a ca sau
khi xtr li bang cac tac nhan moi truang ngoai. Hoat tinh
ctia
enzim nay cung tang len a gan,
mang, tim, co'
ciia
ca C. carpio va
Iclaluriis
punclalus sau khi
xii'
li vai dichlorvos (Hai et al.
1997").
C-ase
CO
mat
chii

yeu a peroxisome, chju trach nhiem lam giam
H2O2
tao thanh tir
sir
chuyen
hoa cac acid beo
ehuoi
dai trong peroxisome (Winston et al. 1991). Hoat ti'nh
ctia
catalase nhay cam vai cac tac nhan gay 6 nhiem a gan
ctia
ca nuoc ngpt (Uner et al. 2001).
Trong nghien ciru
ciia
chiing toi hoat tinh
ciia
C-ase
a
gan, tim va lach bj
tre
che
a
ca hai nong
dp butachlor. Dieu nay co ie do su tich luy
H2O2
lam hong C-ase.
Theo ket qua nghien ciru
ctia
Crestani va dong tac gia (2007), su giam boat dp
ciia

enzim
catalase da the hien
a
gan ca tre khi
xti'
li vai clomazone (0,5 hoac 1,0 mg/l) sau 12, 24 va 96
gia. Ngoai ra,
sir
phan img lai stress oxy hoa va tiem nang chong oxy boa
ciia
ca thay doi theo
loai,
moi truong song va dieu kien nuoi duong. Stress oxy hoa co the loai bo boat tinh
ctia
enzim
chong oxy hoa, dan den thiet hai oxy va lam mat co' che den
bii
(Zhang et al. 2004).
0 cac mo nghien ciru, su tang hoac giam lioat dp enzim chong oxy hoa phu thuoc vao tirng
loai mo va
tiiy
vao nong dp butachlor xir li.
Sir
giam hoat dp
ciia
enzim co the do tac nhan xu li
da lam
hiiy
hoai
enzim

hoac lam enzim mat hoat tinh (Do Quy Hai, Cap Xuan
Tii
2000).
3.5.
Anh
hu'ong ciia
butachlor len mot so chi so hoa sinh
Ket
qua
sir
thay doi cac chi so hoa sinh duoi tac dung
ciia
hoat chat butachlor a
iiai
nong dp
3,60 ppm va 1,80 ppm sau 24 gia xir li dupc trinh bay a cac hinh 4 va 5.
3.6. Anh
hu'ong ciia
butachlor Ien ham luong GSH
p
2.5
• Butachlor 3.6 ppm
n
Butachlor 1.8 ppm
S
Doi chtrng
I
CO
1.5
0.5

B
Gan
Mang
Ca trang
Cado
Tim
Lach
Hmh
4.
Ham lugng GSH
a
cac mo ca trim co
(LSDo,o5=0,03)
63
Ham lugng GSH
a
nong dp 3,6 ppm deu tang so voi doi chirng a tat ca cac mo, ngoai
trii'
mang.
Khi xtr li voi butachlor 3,6 ppm, ham lupng GSH dat gia trj Ion nhat a mo tim la 2,65
pM/g
mau tuoi
(tang
194,4%),
tilp theo la mo gan dat 2,56 pM/g mau tuai (tang
82,85%o)
(hinh 4).
GSH la mpt hgp chat
sulfliydryl
khoi lugng phan ttr thap

chti
yeu co trong bao tuang, no
hoat dgng nhu la mgt chat phan ung bao ve te bao chong lai nhieu tac nhan gay 6 nhiem. Vi vay,
GSH la hang rao bao ve dau tien chong stress
o.xy
hoa. Theo nghien cu'u Xionghai va dong tac
gia (2007), khi te bao tiep
xiic
vai tac nhan 6 nhiem nhu alachlor, thi tac nhan nay se bj loai bo
do tiep
xtic true
tiep vai GSH hoac thong qua cac glutathione S-transferase (GST), lam giam
nong dp GSH (Zhang et al. 2004). Ket qua nghien ctru
ctia
chting toi
phii
hgp voi nghien cuu
ciia
Xionghai va dong tac gia (2007).
Trong qua trinh stress oxy hoa, ham lugng GSH co the tang nhu la mgt co' che thich nghi
bang
each
tang tong hgp GSH (Diana et al. 2006). Tuy nhien, khi stress oxy hoa manh me, co
the lam giam ham lugng GSH, ket qua lam hong ca che thich nghi (Zhang et al. 2004).
Sir
giam
GSH lam giam kha nang bat goc tu do
ctia
te bao
(Eiia

et al. 2003) va co the lam tang mue dp
nguy hiem
ciia
stress oxy boa do ket qua giam kha nang bao ve
ctia
te bao (Diana et al. 2006).
Hai va dong tac gia
(1997)
nhan thay ham lugng GSH
a
gan va co'
ctia
ca chep da giam sau 24
gia xir li vai 1 va 5 mg/l dichlorvos (organophosphate) va gay hong su oxy boa.
3.7. Anh huong
ciia
butachlor len gia trj LP
Chi so LP tang len
a
tat ca cac mo, ngoai trir mo gan a ca hai nong do (hinh 5). Gia trj
peroxide hoa lipid cao nhat la
165,30
nM MDA/g mau ttro'i (tang 140,37%) a mo lach va dat
76,14 nM MDA/g mau tuai (tang 322,77%) a mo tim, khi
xti'
li vai butachlor 3,6 ppm (hinh 5).
Dieu nay chirng to butachlor tac dpng manh len mang te bao nhung chua pha
hiiy
cau triic mang.
,-^

Z3
1<(U
E
cn
^
Q
2
S
c
180
160
-
140
120
-•
100
80
,
D.
60
O
40
20
• Butachlor 3.6 ppm
n
Butachlor 1.8 ppm
mi
D6i chtrng
fhih
Gan Mang

Catrang
Ca do Tim
Hinh
5.
Chi s6 LP a cac mo ca trim co
(LSDo,o5=
3,41)
Lach
64
Theo nghien ciru cua Diana va ddng tac gia (2006), anh huang
ctia
thuoc
trii'
sau co nguon
goc lan hiru ca la methyl parathion 2 mg/l da cam irng lam tang gia trj peroxide hoa lipid a ca
trang va mang
ciia
ca Bryon cephalus sau 96 gia xu' li. Trong khi
a
gan, gia trj peroxide hoa lipid
thay doi khong co y nghTa.
Theo Ozcan va dong tac gia (2004), thuoc trir sau co the tao ra stress oxy hoa dan den su
hinh thanh cac goc tu do va gay ra su peroxide boa lipid, phan anh boat tinh bao ve
ctia
enzim
chong oxy boa. Khi danh gia anh huang
ctia
cac thuoc BVTV khac nhau len su peroxide hoa
lipid va hoat tinh
ctia

enzim chong oxy hoa
a
cac mo khac nhau
ctia
ca cho thay mac dau co mpt
so khac biet trong phan
ting
giua cac loai ca, nhung phan trng thich nghi da dugc quan sat va ca
che chung
ctia
phan irng thich nghi la su cam ung cua enzim chong oxy boa. Phan irng chong
oxy hoa cung da dugc nhan thay la khac nhau trong so cac mo. Ket qua tuang tu cung da dugc
cong bo
6'
cac loai ca khac (Radi, Matkovics
1988;
Winston, Di Giulio 1991). Butachlor tac
dpng manh len he enzim chong oxy hoa a nong dp thap (1,8 ppm) lam cho
boat
dp cac enzim
deu giam a tat ca cac mo, trong khi gia trj
ctia
chi so LP tang len. 0 nong dp cao (3,6 ppm) cua
butachlor, co su tang hoac giam hoat do
ciia
cac enzim chong oxy hoa trong qua trinh chong
chju vai su tac dgng
ctia
thuoc. Dieu nay cho thay butachlor a nong dp 3,6 ppm co tac dung dpc
len tat ca cac mo, rieng

a
mo tim va lach nong dp
1,8
ppm cung da bat dau gay dpc.
4.
KET LUAN
Enzim SOD, P-ase, C-ase
a
cac mo deu nhay cam, thay doi boat dp chong lai tac dpng dpc
hai cua butachlor a ca hai nong dp 3,6 ppm va 1,8 ppm.
Butachlor
a
nong dp 3,6 ppm va 1,8 ppm co tac dpng xau len mang te bao thong qua
sir
gia
tang gia trj peroxide boa lipid.
Ca hai nong dp butachlor 3,6 ppm va 1,8 ppm co tac dung gay dpc ro rang
6'
mo tim va
lach.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1.
Crestani M, Menezes C, Glusczak L, des Santos Miron D, Spanevello R, Silveira A,
Goncalves FF, Zanella R, Loro LV. - Effect of clomazone herbicide
on,
biochemical and
histological aspects of silver catfish
{Rhanulia
quelen) and recovery pattern. Chemosphere
67(2007)2305-2311.

2.
Diana A. M, Jeane A. A, Francisco T. R, Ana L. K. - Oxidative stress biomarkers in the
freshwater characid
fish,
Brycon
cephahis.
exposed to organophosphorus insecticide
Folisuper 600 (methyl parathion), Comp Biochem Physiol Part C143 (2006)
141-149.
3.
Eiia
A. C, Galarini R., Taticchi M.I., Dorr A. J., Mantilacci L. - Antioxidant responses
and bioaccumulation in Iclaluriis
melas
under mercury exposure, Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
55(2003) 162-167.
4.
Do Qui Hai - Nghien ciru, so sanh cac enzyme chong oxy boa
a
trong cac he thong sinh
hpc khac nhau. Luan an Pho tien sT (djch
tii'
tieng Hungary), Szeged, Hungary
(1986).
5.
Hai DQ, Varga
Szl,
Matkovics B. - Organophosphate effects on antioxidant systeme of
carp
{Cyprimis

carp) and catfish
{Ictahirus
nebulosus). Comp Biochem Physiol
C117
(1997)83-88.
65
6. Do Quy Hai, Cap Xuan
Tti
- Anh huong cua thuoc trir sau monitor len cac
enz\'me
antioxidant va su peroxide boa lipid a chupt nhat
trang.
Tap chi Sinh hgc 22 (3b) (2000)
164-168.
7.
Jozef S., Raymond H. L. - Estimation of
total,
protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfliydryl
group in tissue with Ellmans" reagent,
AnaKt
Biochem 25
(1968)
192-205.
8. Kappus H. - Lipid peroxidation: mechanisms, analysis, enzymology and biological
relevance.
In:
Sies H.(Ed.), Oxidative Stress. Academic Press, Inc., London, 1985,
pp.273-310.
9. Lowry O. H., Rousebrough N. L., Farr A. L., Randall R. I. - Protein measurement with the
Folin

phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem. 193
(1951)
265- 275.
10.
Matkovics B., Novak R., Hoang
Due
Hanh, Szabo L., Varga
Szl,
Zaiesna
G. - A
comparative study of some important experimental animal peroxide metabolism enzyme,
Comp Biochem Physiol 56B (1977) 31-34.
11.
Ozcan O. E., Sevgiler Y., Uner N. - Tissue-specific oxidative stress responses in fish
exposed to 2,4-D and azinphosmethyl. Comp Biochem Physiol Part C 137 (2004)
43-51.
12.
Placer Z. A., Cushman L., Jonhson B. C. - Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation
(malonyl dialdehyde) in
viuo
biochemical system.,
Analyt
Biochem. 16 (1966) 359-364.
13.
Radi A. A. R., Matkovics B. - Effects of metal ions on the antioxidant enzyme activities,
protein contents and lipid peroxidation of carp tissues, Comp Biochem Physiol. C90
(1988)69-72.
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SUMMARY
EFFECTS OF BUTACHLOR ON ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF GRASS CARP
{Ctenopharyngodon idellus)
Pesticides has been widely used in agriculture all over the world. They cause contamination
of natural aquatic environment, that can affect the organism, particularly fish.
In this paper, the biochemical perturbations of grass carp {Ctenopharyngodon idellus)
exposed to butachlor at different concentrations (1.8 ppm and 3.6 ppm) over 24 hours were
investigated. After exposure,
fish
liver, gill, white muscle, red muscle, heart and pancreas were
excised and used for experiments. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),
the content of glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation were determined. Our result showed
that SOD, P-ase and C-ase were all sensitive and changed their antioxidant activities against
pesticide toxicity. These enzymes could be induced by a slight oxidative stress due to
compensatory response; however, a severe oxidative stress suppressed the activities of these
enzymes due to oxidative damage and the loss of compensatory mechanisms. Butachlor may
enhance the lipid peroxidation value by direct interaction with the cell membrane. These
changes reflected that the antioxidant systems of the tested fishes were affected. The present
work demonstrated that butachlor induced oxidative stress in Ctenopharyngodon idellus. It is
evident that the use of butachlor in agriculture and aquaculture must be carefully evaluated. Our
results suggested that the parameters analyzed could be good biomarkers of exposure to
oxidative stress caused by butachlor.
Keyvi'ords.
Antioxidant enzyme, butachlor, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, lipid peroxidation,
oxidative stress.
Dia chi: Nhgn hdi ngdy 9 thdng 4 ndm 2009
Truong dai hpc Khoa hpc, Dai hpc Hue.
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