Địa tầng holocen và cấu trúc bãi triều ven bờ hải phòng tuyển tập tài nguyên và môi trường biển, tập 6, tr 70 86 NXB khoa học và kỹ thuật

mUNG

T A M

KHOA HOC

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NHIEN

V A

eONG NGH~ Quae GIA

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Truong ban:

rnu

ky:

PGS, TS. Nguyen Chu Hoi
TS. Nguyen Huy Yet

C ac thanli oien:

TS.
TS.
TS.
TS.
TS.
TS.

NHA XUAT

Nguyen Van Tien
Nguyen Due Cu
Tran Due Th~nh
Luu Van Dieu
Nguyen Hiru Cit
Do Cong Thung

BAN KHOA HOC vA KY THUAT
HA NOI - 1999


T ai nguyen utsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
vd M 6i qponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
truang hiln. T ap VI

MVC LVCwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJ
Trang
l.

Ldi gidi thieu
Thanh tich 40 narn heat dong khoa h9C - c6ng n ghe cua Phan vien Hai
d uong hoc tai Hai Phong (1959 - 1999)
N guyln

3
5

C hu H B i

2. Danh gia xu the bien de)ng mot so yeu to chat luong m6i truong nuoc bien
yen bo mien BAc Viet N am .
Liru. V an D isu, N guyen. C lue H B i
3. Ham luong mot so kim loai nang trong nude vjnh H~ Long (7/1998)
N guyln Xutin. Tuy€n, P lupn
.!

Hau qua m6i truong do dan h bat ca bang hoa chat doc xyanua
thai san h6 va ngu6n lei bao ngu vung bi~n Bach Long Vy
N guyln

19

27

V an Luang

den h~ sinh

D ue C u, N guyln H uy Yet, N guyln

39

C hu H a'i

5. Thu hep kh6ng gian vung trieu cua s6ng Bach Dang la mot trong
nguyen nhan quan trong gay sa bdi luong vao cang Hai Phon g
N guyln

nhimg

54

D ue C i:

6. Dia t
70
Trdn D ue Tlu:Lnh

7. Mot so van de co ban ve dia m6i truong

yen be Viet Nam

87
Trtin. D ue Thanh.

8. Dac trung hinh thai - de)ng luc va dinh huong phat tri~n ben vimg vung yen
bo Hai Phong - H~ Long

98

D inh V an H uy

9. 'I'ram tich hat min mau loang 16 trong cac cot mau thang

dung d vinh BAc Be) 106

N guyen. C hu H B i, N guyln Q uang Tutin,
N guyln V ii Tutin. va N guyln N goc Truitng

10. Noi dung co Sd du lieu phuc vu danh gia nhanh
Nam

moi truong

ddi bd bien Viet

117

Trtin D inh Ltin.

11. T6ng quan tinh hinh nghien cuu
yen bo mien Trung Viet N am

tai nguyen

va m6i truong

dam

N guyln

12. Dia chat moi truong

H ilu cit

143
N guyln

H ia i

cit

trong tram tich De tam d Viet

Ph.am . Q uang Trung, D ijng V ii K hJi, D 6

152

vue nu«

ciru rong - co bien d Viet Nam

169
N guyln

272

126

trong danh gia tac dong m6i truong

13. Su co mat phan hoa (Palynological
events)
Nam va y nghia dia t.
14. Tinh hinh nghien

pha

V an Tien


T ai nguyen viL M oi truong

b ii'll. T fJp V I qponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

BfA TANG HOLOXEN

vA

CAU TRUC BAI TRIEU

VENwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
ao HAl PHONGutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPON
(*)hgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJ

Trdn D ue Thanh

1.

MO DAU
Dia tang Holoxen a nude ta da duoc nghien ciru a nhieu vung dong bang.

them song, them bien va cac thanh

tao tram tich co ngudn goc khac nhau. Tuy

nhien. dia tang Holoxen va cau true cac bai trieu ven bo con it duoc nghien ciru
chi tiet. Hai Phoug narn a vi tri chuyen tie'p gifru ven bo dong b~c va chau th6
song Hong. Day la noi co dien tich vung tr ieu rat rong. tdi 24 240ha, cac bai
trieu rat di~n hinh cho khu vue co che dQ nha t trieu bien ctQldn va tieu bi~u cho
cuu dUQCtrinh

eel dai ven bo SHot hI Mong Cui de'n Nga Son. Ke't qua nghien

bay trong bai viet nay se la mdt dong gap cho hi~u biet ve dia tang va cau true
cua bai trieu - mot th~ dia chat hien dai quan trong a ven bo. Day cling la co sa
khoa hoc thie't yeu d~ xac dinh xu the' tie'n hoa ddi ven bo Hai Phong trong
Holoxen.

2.

TAl

LI~U V A PHUONG PHAp

Bai viet nay duoc dua tren ke't qua dieu tra khao sat nhieu na m cua mdt so

ete tai, trong eta quan troug uhat In ccug trinh "Moi trucng dia chat ven bo Hai
Phong". So lieu thuc te' va mau vat phan tich duoc thu thap tu 145 10 khoan
tay, 115 phau dien dao ete'n etQsau 3m treu vung trieu va hang chuc 10 khoan
cong trinh

sa u ete'n 25m. Phan tich c6 sinh - dia t:ing In phuong

phap nghien

cuu chu dao. 140 mau c6 sinh eta duoc phan tich gom cac nhorn tao Silic do Trtin
Due Thanh va Dao Thi Mien thuc hien, Bao tit phan hoa do Dinh Van Thuan va
Nguyen Bao Khanh

*
70

Cong trlnh

thuc hien, Trung 10 do Nguyen Ngoc va Nguyen

la ker qua cua de tai

ma

Hiru G it

so 7.3.1 thuoc chuyen nganh Cac khoa h9C vQ Trai MIl.


T ai nguyen qponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONM

vii M {)i truong bien. T ap V I wvutsrqpo

thuc hien va Than mern do Lang Van Ken thuc hien. D~ h6 tro cho viec xac
dinh tu6i trarn tich da tien hanh so sanh. lien ket cac thanh

tao tram tich vdi

cac ngan bi~n. them bi~n va de cat bien. Ngoai tham khao cac gia tri tu6i tuyet
doi dfi.cong boo can ap dung cac phucng phap phan tfch tai lieu khao c6 va lich
su. Cau true cua b ai trieu duoc xem xet dudi goc di.'>quan h~ khorig gian cua cac
ldp tram tich co tu6i va ngudn goc khac nhau, be day cua chung va quan h~ cua

vi tri mat ldp vdi muc
('j

IHidC

trieu hien dai (thap nhat, trung binh va cao utsrqponmlkjihgf
nhfft).

day. cau true cua cac lop tao bai trieu duoc xem xet tit rmrc ngang muc trieu

thap nhat trd leu. Trong vung nghieu cuu, rnuc trieu thap nhat co gia trj Om di.'>
sau (Om hai d6). muc trieu trung binh cao 1,9m va rnuc tr ieu cao nhat 4m. Vi
trf cua cac ki~u mat cAt ducc d~t trong cac ddi heat di.'>ngkien tao hien dai [2]
d~ thay duoc moi quan h~ gifta cau true bai trieu voi chuyen dong kien tao hien
dai.

3. KET QUA NGHIEN
3.1. Dia tang Holoxen

cOO
vimg vcn be)

Viec phan chia dia tang Holoxen d day chu yeu dua theo cac don vi co ban la
h~ tang Hai Hung va h~ tang Thai Binh cua Hoang Ky [5,6], co tham kliad cac
•
tai lieu g:in day cua Ngo Quang Toan [11]. Tuy nhien. do tai lieu c6 sinh phong
phu, co phan tfch dinh lucng nen ket qua phfin chia trong nghien cuu nay chi
tiet hon va co met so khac biet ve ngudn goc tram tich. Nhirng mo ta dia tang
dudi day chu yeu nit ra tit ket qua nghien diu cac cQt khoan d phia dong b£c D6
Sen. noi co vung trieu rorig ldn va be day Holoxen thuoug chi 10 - 14m (hinh 1).

o

phia tay nam D6 Son be day tram

tich Holoxen dat den 30m va mire cIi.'>

nghien diu con han che.
3.1.1. T hong lIoloxen

dum

- giiia,

h¢ tli'n/: H di H ung

(Q [v'.2hh)

Tram tich thuong co be day 1 - 11m, trung binh 9m, g6m ba phan:
• Ph:in duoi

(a, l

Q,y'

day 1,5 - 3m, khong Ii.'>tr en mat va phu true

2hh - a).

tiep tren h~ t:ing Vinh Phuc

(Q IJ,2),

phan bo han che. T'ram tich aluvi song g6m

cat nho xarn vang, ngheo di tich sinh vat, gQ.pduci dao Cat Hai. Trjirn tich h6
dam luc dia chua g~p d Hai Phoug nhung g~p d phan giap ke thuoc huyen Yen
Hung (Quang Ninh), g6m cat bo t xarn phdt vang luc chira tao Silic luc dia.
•

Phan gifra (m b,

m . Q ,y'.2hh

- b),

.

day 0',5 - 6m, trung binh 3m, ph6 bien

rong khap va g6m hai ki~u ngucn goc. 'I'ram tich d:im lay bi~n g6m set bdt, bot.
71


va

T ai nguyen qponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
M 6i truang biln. T ap V I wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

cat dEW1
1

Ky
I.hieu

Cot
dia tang

trieu.

Be day
(m)

;1\

ql\
M

man (T'J
utsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQP
Trang ca

~c

diem tclm tioh v~ di tich sinh v~t

14- Tram tich song - bien (am IV) (b-c) khong phan chia, gom set bot, bot
set, rnau nau, nau xarn. 13- Tram tich ho - dam lay (Ib IV) tb-ci, gom set,
set bot, rnau xarn den, nhao. 12- Tram tich dam lay - bien (bm IV) Ib-c),
gom set bot, rnau xarn nau, lfin nhieu mun hCtu co, xac thirc vat ng~p man.
11- Tram tich bien - song (m a IV) Ib-c). gom set, bot, mau xarn nau, lfin
vun vo sinh vat bien, thuoc bai trieu thap hien dai. 10- Tram tich bien
(m Iv 3 Ib-c), cat thach anh, cat sinh vat vo voi, cuoi voi, set bot, bot rnau
L-xarn tro.
~--------~

Tr

tftng Hu'
hat

trur

4 - 6m lq
Q IV 12

Pha
nguon go

9- Tram tich dam lay - bien (bm IV) (b-b), gom set, set bot deo quanh rnau
xarn xanh, chua t~1OSilic luc dia uu the hen bien, qiau xac thuc vat, nqheo
Trung 16 va Than memo 8- Tram tich bien (m Iv 3 Ib-b), gom cat nho rnau
xarn vanq, vanq nhat, lfin nhieu vun vo sinh vat Than rnern va San ho.

bot long

Silic chu
ngheo B:l
thap dfm

IV 3)

Ib-a), gom bot, cat bot, rnau xam, xarn nau, chua
7 - Tram tich bien (m
vo Than rnern bien, Trunq 16, tilO Silic bien.

Trftm tic
tao uen b
trong, ch
phan gil

6- Tram tich ho - dam lay (Ib Iv'-2

hh-b). gom set b(>t, rnau xarn, xarn den,
long, lfin rnun thlfc vat chira t<'10Silic bien (1<,1m an) khong dang ke, chu y~u
cac danq nguon gac luc dia. 5- Tram tich song - bien (am IV'-2 hh-b). gom

3.1.2. Tho

set bot, b9t, mau xarn nau, deo.

• Ph
thap va
nhieu

va

ngheo B
4- Tram Hch dam lay - bien (am IV '-2 hh-a), gom set, set b(>t, rnau xaf!1'
xarn xanh, xarn den, lfin nhieu tan tich thuc v~t. chlla nhieu tao Silic bien
va ph'an hoa thirc v~t ng~p man ua d(> muai cao, rat hiem Trunq I?_
3- Tram tich bien (m Iv '-2 hh-a), gom cat b(>t rnau nau xarn, thuoc bai trieu
thap, cat nho, rnau xarn vanq thuoc biii cao, con gom tang, cuoi, S<3n, cat
voi, vun san he, Than memo

Son, den
phau gif

biJn gom
caa 4 - 6
cat then
tich trie
• Phan g

2- Tram tich song - bien (am 111-2vp), gom set bot, bot, b9t cat rnau vanq
loang 15, crura tao Silic nuoc nqot va phan hoa luc dia. 1- Trar,n Uc~ bien
(m 11I-2vp), gom cat, S<3n, cuoi, chua nhieu vun Than mem bien, gan ket
yeu.

2 - 3m, t

Trang C,
Thai Bir

set .deo q
H tnb 1. Dia

72

tang tong hop tram tich bai tr ieu Hili Phong

ngap m~


Tai nguyen va M 6i hgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONM
truong biln. T(ip VI wvutsrqpon

cat deo uot
man

rnau

(TVNM),

Trong
trieu.

kinh

trung

bo rQng khap,
h~ tang

vo Than

4 - 6m lQ t.ren mat,

xarn xanh

tao Si.lic bi~n,

hoac tren

chua

den,

mern

nhieu

tao

lQ tren

mat,

Tram

uen

vat

va ngheo

ng ap

Trung

10.

thap

va duci

phu tr en phan

thffp h~

tich bien

cac them

da goc phong

thuc

mern bi~u trieu

vo Than

khong

di tich

hoa TVNM

Vinh Phuc.

bien,

cat phu tren

chua

Phan

cat bet g~p nhieu

tich phan

tfrng Hai Hung
hat

phii

phong

cac thau
'I'ram

xa m, xarn

g6m cat hat

bien,

h6a hoac tram

nho.

de cat bi~n,

cao

tich dfrm Ifry bi~n

12

Q utsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
IY
Phfrn tren
ngu6n

goc: trarn

bet long nhao

thap

- C), day 1 - 6,5m,

trung

binh

tfch h6 darn l§.y luc dia ven bien c6 thanh

mau

xarn, xarn

Silic chu yeu nguon
ngheo

Qly'2hh

(lb, am

den chua

goc luc dia, hiern

Bao ht phan.

Chung

nhieu

true

g~p dang

tiep

tren

phan

cat bun,

bun

mun b5 thuc vat muc nat va tao
bien,

c6 be day 3 - 6,5m, phan

dong b:ic D6 Son, phu

4m, g6m hai ki~u

tram

khong

chua

bo chu yeu

tich

10 va

T'rung

d cac khu trfing

darn l§.y bi~n phan

giira.

Trtim tich song - bi~n gorn bo t, bot set mau xarn nau, ngheo di tich sinh vat,
tao n en be mat d6ng bang
trong,
phan

cao 1,5 - 4m vien quanh

d tay b:ic D? Sen. chung phu tren tram

chu yeu

Tr§.m tich c6 be day 1 - 10m, trung

thap

Phan

va duoi trieu
vo Than

ngheo

Bao tit phan.

mern bien,

gifra

phong

Chung

va phan

bi~n gorn cat nho
cao 4 - 6m

tren
mau

c6 khi xarn xanh,

lQ tren

xarn vang

binh

Tram

tich

tao uen cac them

d dong bic D6

phu tren

tudng

10 va

phu 'I'rung

1,2m

be mat,

chua

tram

bai bi~n,

cat bi~n,

tich

de cat

de cat bi~n

d Nui Deo, Kien An, D6 Son va Cat Ba. Chung day 1 - 3m, phu tren

tich trieu

thap,

dudi trieu

thucc

2 - 3m, thuoc

he t§.ng Hili Hung,

- b), g6m ba ki~u ngucn

he de cat bi~n tre hon, phan

phu

tren

tram

tich trieu

thap,

bo

chua

(TVNM),

nhieu
ngheo

tram

10 va Than

thuoc

bo rQng khap

di tich TVNM muc nat,
T'rung

goc. T'ram tfch bi~n day

d Phu Long, Cat Hai, Dinh Vl1.

dudi trieu

T'rarn tich dfrl1l lay - bi~n phan

set deo quanh

hoac phu chorn tren

cua h~ tfrng Thai Binh .

• Phfrn gifra (m , brn, am Q ly 3 t b

man

goc. Tr am tich trieu

phu tao Silic bi~n, kha phong

D6 Son, khong

xarn,

de cat bien

Thai Binh.

3m, g6m ba phan:

h~ t§.ng Hai Hung.

bien,

Cat,

binh

c6 be day 0.5 - 1,5m. trung

cat them

ngap

bi~n

(Q ,/lb)

g6m cat bot, bQt mau xarn, xam nau,

Son, den 4 - 5m d tay uam

Trang

tich darn l§.y bien,

dudi (m Q ly3 tb - a), g6m hai phu ki~u nguon

nhieu

phan

sau phia

gifra.

3.1.2. T hO llg Il oloxen tren, h¢ tdng T hiii R illh

•

cac d6i nui va uam

phong

phan

thap

h~ tang

Do Son, g6m bQt, bQt
phu Phan

hoa thuc vat

mern. tao Silic luc dia uu the hen

73


T el; nguyen vel M 6i truong

hiin.

T ap

VIwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

bi~n. Tr~m tich day 0,3 - Lm, trung binh 0.7m, phu tren

cac tram tfch dflm Ifly

- bi~n cua h~ tflng Hai Hung, hoac tren tram tich trieu thap, duoi trieu cua he
t5.ng Thai

Binh va co noi chung lQ tren mat.

Tram tich song -

bi~n ph an bo

chu yeu d tay nam Do Son, tao n en lop be mat cua chau th6 hien dai cao 0.5Lm, tram

tfch

gom bot, bot set nau,

2m. Chung phu tren tram

xam nau, ngheo di tich sinh vat,

tich trieu thap.

day 1 -

duoi trieu cua h~ tang Thai Binh

hoac tren trarn tich song - bi~n cua h~ tflng Hai Hung.

• Phan trenqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
(m , m a, am , bm . lb Q lv:)tb - c). gom tram tich nhieu nguon goc
khac nhau: bien, bi~n - song. song - bi~n, dam 15.y- bien, ho - da m, clay 0.1 0,6m. tha m chi 3 - 4m d cac bfii cat, de cat bien. Trtim tich ph6 bien la cac loai
hat min nhu bun bot, set bot, mau uau xa m, xam den, xarn, uau tuy theo loai
ngucn goc. Cac loai tra m tich ph6 bien la: tram tich song - bi~n gom bot, bet set

mau xa m nfiu day 1 - 2m tao nen ph an tre nhat cua ctong bang chau th6. phu
tren' tdm

tich bi~n cua phan thap he tarig.

Trtirn tich h6n hQP song - bi~n. dam Ifly - bien tao thanh

lop day 0,1 - 0.9m

uam true tiep tren tram tich darn lay - bi~n xa m xanh thuoc phan giita h~ tang.
Chung co thanh

phan set. set bot, co xu the min clan len tren. Phan duoi la

tram tich song - bien, chuyen clan len tren In dam lay - bien, su chuyen tiep
kho phan biet bang mau s~c, di? hat, nhung

phfin biet ro theo quan xac tao

Silic[9].
3.2.DCBA
T u o i cac

tr a m

tich Holoxcn

Thang tu6i tuong doi cua cac tram tich Holoxen ven bo Hai Phong duoc xac
lap tr en cd sd phan chi a va lien h~ cac tucng tram tich ma nguon goc cua chung
duoc xac dinh t6ng hop theo cac tai lieu c6 sinh - dia mao, thanh

ph an vat chat

tram tich va cii qui luat phan bo cua chung tren cac ddi kien true co dau hieu
chuyen di?ng kien tao khac nhau. Viec xac diuh thang tu6i tuong doi cua tram
tich Holoxen ven bo Hai Phong trudc het dua van nhirng ket qua phan tich chi
tiet cac nhorn tao Silic, Than memo Trung 16, Bao tit phan hoa TVNM, cac di
tich San ho va than re TVNM. Nhung ket qua phan tich va nghien cuu chi tiet
tao Silic eta duoc trinh bay trong cong bo gan day [9]. Tao Silic trong tram tich
Holoxen duoc ph an chi a thanh bon phuc he sinh thai. Phuc he ho dam luc dia
g:,?-ptrong phan thap he tang Hai Hung, phuc h~,A5.m lay bi~n7- bi~n g:,?-ptrong

phan gifra h~ tang Hai Hung. Phuc he ho dam ven bien g:,?-pdutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZY
tren h~ tang Hai
Hung va phuc h~ cua song ven bo g:,?-ptrong' h~ t5.ng Thai Binh. Phuc h~ thu hi
duoc phan chi a bon quan xac theo th u W tre dan (bang 1).

74

va

T ai nguyen qponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONM
M 6i truang bien. T dp V I

B ang J. wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Cac quan xac tao Silic 0 10 khoan B I (bai triclI Cat Hili)

Quan

xac

DC>
situ

So vo

T6ng

so loai

(';1

Ca th6 ciicutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQ
nhom sinh thai

th6 cac lap

((y,., )

((k)

mot

t icu

(m)

ban

Long

Trung

Ngu6n

gee sinh

thai

each

song

chim

tfun

bi61l
n,1

1<;1

nuoc nhat

troi n6i

bam d.iy

7,1

14,7

79

21

74

15~5

55

45

rs

79

IXl1

()2,G

37,4

65

5

30

X6

14

II

25

17

IRG

I

99

19,3

23,R

46,X

X9

II

1II

40

29

141

12

XX

12,5

2,2

65

X4,R

15,2

60

27

R75

24,5

75,5

2X,5

1,5

70

95,5

4,1

xo

24

2X7

11,2

XX,X

27

3,5

()9,5

95,4

4,()

100

53

206.J.

4X,7

51,3

96,1

1,0

2,~

X4,4

15,6

0-5

I

IV

G h! cltti: - Quan

xac

IV nguon g6c bien,
III d:lm l:ly bien,

- Qurin

X3C

- Qujin

xac

II nguon

xac

I nguon goc dam

g6c

ph6 bien

a ph fin

a phtin

thflp he t:lng Thai

g iira h~ tfing Thai

bai b6i chau

.

th6 Ilgflp tri~u

mnh.

lflnh.
cao,

gap

a

phjin

tren

h~ Ifing Thai

Blnh.
- Quan

Ifiy bien

hien nay.

Ket qua phan tich Bao tit phan TVNM, Trung 16, Than mern va S\1 phan bo
cua chuug trong cac muc dia ting

trim

tich Holoxen duoc trtnh bay tr eu cac

bang 2, 3 va 4 eta gop phan xac dinh nguon goc thanh tuo va thang tu6i tuoug
etoi cua trarn tich it co trarn tich Holoxen ven bo phia b5c Viet Nam. Chung co y
nghia tao thanh cac ldp danh dau va chi thi dieu kien sinh thai rat tot.
Dang chu

y

d ria dong nam dao Cat Ba co cac ran san ho chet, hien nay lll?t

ran cao 0,5 - 1m/ OmHD. Tfch tu san ho nay duoc xep VaG ph a n giira he tang
Hai Hung vdi cac dang ph6 bien Porites

sp. SPI.' G oreastrca

sp .. Acropora

sp..

xac cua chung cling g?P trong trarn tich bai bi~n c6 chua cac di vat van hoa
Tien H~ Long d Cai Beo co tu6i C I4 la 5645± 60 nam [7].

75


1'0.; nguyen va M 6i truong biin.

T ap V I

Bdng wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
2. Phan b6 cac dang Bao tir phan TVNM trong tram tich lIoloxen

ven bo Hai PhunghgfedcbaZY

.5
I
4
D(i cao phan b6
Cac di~ng utsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
2
3

D(\ rnun

Rhizophora

x

0

0

x

-

Tren

'\TB

M·L

Bruguiera

x

o

o

x

-

Tren

TTB

M

Avic enia

+

0

()

-

-

Tren

'rru

M

Kandel ia

+

o

()

+

+

Tren TTB

L'M

Aegi ceras

0

0

o

+

-

Tren TrB

LM,

va dlr6'i TIB

0

0

0

-

(J

( 'eriop

0

0

0

-

+

qlllTe

LM

H ibiscus

0

0

0

+

+

Cln T C

LM

Acrostichum

0

0

0

+

+

Can TC

LM

Sonnerati

a

G hi clu«:

1- Phan

gifra h~ t{lng I({li l hrng

(11I11

C}n trcn

LM

Q,v'· 2b).

2- Phan tren h~ tfing lIili Hung (lb QI\,1.2C).
3- Phan

thap

b¢ tang

Thai

4- Phan gifra he t[lng Thai
5- Phan cao he tfing Thai

hay gap; +

x

TIll

It Mp;

- trieu trung

binh,

IJinh

(III

QI/a).

Hinh

(If/

Q,/b).

lfinh (rn QI/C)'

-

hicm gi).p;

T(, -

a

khong gap.

trieu cao, M - man, L - 19', N - nhat.

Trong bai viet nay, thoi gian Holoxen sdrn duoc dg nghi 11 000 - 7 000 na111
trudc, Holoxen gifra 7 000 - 3 000 na m truce va Holoxen muon 3 000 narn qua.
Muc tu6i tuyet doi cua cac thanh
dua vao cac co s6 sau:
•

T iii

..

lieu

hhao

va

co')

lich

tao tram tich Holoxen ven bo Hai Phong duoc

sa: 7 500 narn truce Ia nien dai
. muon
. nhat cua

van hoa Hoa Binh [7]. 'I'ren dao Cat Ba co mat di tich van hoa Hoa Binh. Cac di
chi van hoa Hoa Binh bi chim duoi bi~n d Cua L\lC, do bi~n tien trim vao. Vao

5600 narn trudc, ling vdi nien dai Tign H~ Long d Cai Beo la thoi gian bi~n md
rQng nhat,

dfly lui cu dan cua nen van hoa nay khoi dao. Lop van hoa Trang

Kenh, ling vdi phan tren h~ tang' Hai Hung va narn true tiep tren tram

tich

darn lily bi~n thuoc phan giua h~ tilng Hai Hung, co nien dai 3405 ± 100 narn
de'n 3005

±

90 narn [3]. Van hoa H~ Long ngoai cac dao yen bo dong b5c ling vdi

phan tren cua h~ tilng Hai Hung, tuy chua co gia tri C 14 nao nhung duoc coi la
khoang 4 000 - 3 000 narn truoc [8]. Di chi mf thuyen Vi~t Khe (T'huy Nguyen)
thuoc van hoa Dong Son co tu6i 2000 - 2300 uam ling voi thoi gian muon nh5t
cua phan thap h~ d.ng Thai Binh. Cac tu lieu vg nfi tudng Le Chan, tudng Dao
Quang I~~m tr en h~ c6n cat c6 tlnr hai co tu6i khoang

76

2000 na m. 'I'ran Bach


Tai nguyen W I M 6i truong bien. TtJp V I wvutsrqpon

D5.ng na m 938 lien quan den h~ con cat 3 d Cat Hai - Dinh Vfi. Tr an Bach

D~ng narn 1288 lien quan den m6i truong chau thel tich tu lop bun set xarn nau
d phan tren h~ tftng Thai Binh uam tren ldp darn lfty bi~n xarn xanh (phan giua

h~ tftng Thai Binh). Cua Dai Bang celutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDC
d Kien Thuy va cira DuongqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTS
1\0 cel d T'ien
Lang lien quan den h~ con cat 4 vao the ky XIII - XV (500 - 700 narn truce).

Bdng 3. Phan

b6 die dang Trung
1

Cac dang
Am phistegina
Am m onia

10 trong

tram

3

2

4

5

,

+

+

sp.
cratirulat

£1.

+

+

us

sp.

.

hispiJIl/1I111

+

+

+

+

+

+

+
+

+

+

EI. crispiun
ll apl ophragm oi

N onien

+

+

£1. m acell um

M i l iam m i

7

+

Crihrost om oides
El phidiunt

6

+

+

1111I. anne rt e ns

Cel anthus

vcn bi)' lIili Phung

+

gibbosa

be ccarii

Auunouia

tich lIoloxcn

+

+

+

des

+

+

+

nu

+

sp.

+

Pse udorot ali a m e nardi

S pi / 0 1 roch am tru

Trocluunm ina

IIU

+

+

sp.

.S pir% cum m illu

sp.

+

iuflata

+

+

+

+
+

T. rf. gl abra

"'/Iir% l'lt/illa

IIU

+

sp.

+

sp.

clue:

7

3

3

S6 dang

C hi

+

+

Pse uilorotali a sp.
Troclianuni

+

5

2

9

12

1I~ tang Hai Hung: Phdn giG'a ! -.mh. 11/ Q{\/.2h

2 _ 11/ Q/I".2b
Ilc tfing Thai Binh: Phiin diroi 3 -

III

Q f/a

4 -

ItI

Q{\ 'u (bfii bien, de cat)

Phan giG'a 5 - lnn
Phjin trcn

(trieu thap, duoi trieu)

a-».

6 - In Q ,,3r.
7 -

III

Q,/c
77


Tai nguyen wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

l'a M 6ihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
truang bien. Tap VI

C ae gia tr i tuo"i tuyÂt

ã

do'i co g i

a:

t.ri th

a rn

hh.ao: utsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWV
(j ven ria dong bac

dong bang Biic BQ: Gia LQc. Hili Hung 7190 ± 85 narn [6]: Tt't Son, Ha Biic 6290
± 60 na m va Quan Goi. Hili Hung 5730 ± 60 narn [1]: Gia LQc Hili Hung 4195 ±
50 narn [6]; Thea Ngo Quang

T'oau. tr:1m tich dam l:1y bi~n thuoc phan

giiia h~

tang Hili Hung d Hili Phong co gia tri tu6i 6500 nam [11],
ã

T ai liÂu ng dn. bie~l,

adm bictn,

bictn: Ngan 5 - 6m. b~ hau 5-6m

de cat

duoc lien h~ vdi tu6i ran san ho va tu6i lop Tien H1;tLong 5645 ± 60 na m. Tu6i
h~ (te cat c6 1 cao 4 - 6m. ung vdi phan gifta h~ t5.11gHili Hung co nien dai 4195
± 50 ua m d Gia LQc, Ngan 3 - 3.5m ij Cat Ba tu6i 3100' ± 80 narn [6]. (j yen bd
Hili Phong co 5 h~ (te cat c6 [4]. H~ cte cat c6 2 co tu6i 2000 -2300 narn la so vdi
nien dai di chi Viet Khe va cung thoi Le Chan. H~ (te cat c6 3 co tu6i truce thoi
LY. H~ de cat c6 4 lien quan (teu cita bi~ll Duong Ao ghi trong "Du dia chi" cua
Nguyen Trfii. H~ (te cat c6 5 co tu6i tre nhat. khoa ng tre,n dudi the ky nay.
4. Phan

Bdng

rncm trung tram

bo cac dang Than

tich l loloxcn

Tram tie h
Ci'ic

vcn bit lIiti Phung

Sinh thai

clang
Trieu cao

Tridu thfip

Duui t rieu

oo

man

1

2

()

x

LM

Turritell a t erebra

+

-

LM

Nuti ca sp.

-

+

LM

()

+

M

-

+

M

()

+

M

()

-

M

Area sp.

-

0

M

Al oidi« l aevis

+

x

M

A. ervthrodon

-

+

M

0

+

M

-

+

M

D as! uia l am i nut a

()

+

M

l'l arnnu sp.

()

+

M

C ordyom is goul diana

0

-

M

-

(J

M

+

()

LM

9

14

trail i

C /y/w lllorlls

ssi.

N ussarius

subcreuut

A rcu
A I',

antiquara

A I'.

navi

Arcopugi
D osinia

1'1'1/11.1'

a

cul aris

a rem

i es

gibho

sp.

G loucom av«

sp.

So dang
(;!Ji cltu:

1 - Phrin g iila h¢ t:lng Hili Hung

(m

2 - Pluin giira h¢ tfing Thai Binh
x hay gap;

1.2/i/i

-

b)

Q (/Ih - a )

+ It gap; - hiern g~p; 0 khong gap.

LM - 1<; man; M - man

78

Q /\
(111

I


Tel; hgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
nguyen vel M lJi truong M ilt. Ttip VI

Tit wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
nhftng tai lieu tren. thfiy ding tu6i cua he t5.ng Hai Hung uhu sau: phan

dudi. tu6i cuci Holoxen sdm - d5.u Holoxen giira; phan giira, tu6i Holoxen giira.
khoa ng 7 000 - 4 000 na m truce. Ph5.n tren, cuoi Holoxen giira, khoang 4 000 3 000 narn truoc.
H~ t5.ng T'hai Binh co tu6i nlnr sau: phau duoi, ct5.u Holoxen muon, khoaug
3 000 - 2 000 na m trudc: phan gifta, tram tfch song bi~ll co tu6i giua Holoxen
muon. khoang 2 000- 1 000 na m truce va tram tich dam 15.ybi~n co tu6i eLl 11
giua Holoxen muon, .khoang 3 000 - 1 000 na m trrroc:

phan tren.

•

tuoi cuoi

Holoxen muon. khoaug nghin na m qua.
3.3. Cac kieu matDCBA
c a t bai trieu
T5.ng tram tich bai trieu hieu dai d ven bo Hai Phoug duoc xac dinh tit 1l)1!C
OmHD trd leu. Nlnrng tram tich nay co ll1Qtso d:)c di~m quan troug: chiu tac

dQng true tiep cua cac qua trinh trieu va dong chay trieu be 111:) t. Co muc nuoc
uga m lien tuc thay d6i theo trieu h:1ng ngay. Chiu tac dQng manh me cua hoat
t dt co ban dia
dong sinh vat (dac biet la Than mern va TVNM). Co sau kieu mjiutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXW
tang trarn tich d ddi trieu hien dai:
• K iiu 1 (hinh 2.1): Mat cat co thanh

plniu h~ t5.ng Vinh Phuc. phan bo d

phia b~c Thuy Nguyen. noi bi~u hien chuyen dQng udug trong kien tao hien dai
(KTHD). Be mat doi trieu cao, toi 1 - Lfim [(so voi nnjc trieu trung binh MTTB)]. mat dt g6m bon lop, theo tlnr tu trr tren xuoug duoi nhu sau:
- Lop mat. nguon goc h6n hop song bien, d5.m 15.ybien. thuoc phan tren he
tang Thai Binh - (am,

brn. Qly:Jtb

- c). set bot xa m nau

day 0.2 - 0.6m. truug

binh OAm.
- Ldp thu hai, (bm QI/tb
- b). bQt set darn 15.ybi~n ma u xa m xanh, thuoc
phan giira he tang Thai Binh, clay trung binh 0,8m.
- Ldp thu ba. (mb

Qlyl

2hh - b). bun bot set xa m. xa m den day 0.9m dam 15.y

bien, phtin gifra h~ tflilg Hai Hung.
- Ldp thu hi.

(a

QII/ -

up).

bet set deo quanh loang 16 thuoc h~ tflng Vinh

Phuc.
Lop thu hai tram tich darn 15.ybi~n uau xarn xanh co tinh chi thi (bm Q1yStb
na m cao tren MTTB. con be mat lop bon thuoc h~ tang Vinh Phuc na m

- b).

dudi MTTB. nhung tren O'"HD.
•

K iiu

2 (hinh

2.2. hinh 2.3): Mat cat co thanh

phan cua he t5.ng Ha:

Hung. phan bo d ria tay b~c Cat Ba, ndi bi~u hien nang trong KTHD. Be mat
ddi trieu cao toi 0.8m - 1.2m. Mat dt

gorn ba lop:

79


Tai nguyen hgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

vii. M 6i truong bien. TtJ-p VIwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

- Lop mat,

(am ,

Q ,v:ltb - c), day 0,1 - 0,5m,

bm

bot set nau xarn.

- Lop thu hai. (bm Q ,v3tb - b), day 0,5 - 1m, bun bot xarn xanh.
l
m Q,v utsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
2hh - b) day tren 2m, xarn, thanh phan bot set xen

- Lop thu ba, (m b,
ke bQt chua va Than

mern bi~n.
bm Q ,v:ltb - b co be mat narn cao tren MTTB.

Lop dam lay bi~n xarn xanh

• K iiu 3 (hinh

Binh, phan
dong nam

2.4 den hinh

bo rQng rfii d phia
Thuy

2.8): Mat d.t

g6m cac ldp cua h~ tang

biic D6 Son (Cat

dong

An Hili), chu yeu d nhirng

Nguyen,

Hili, Dinh

noi bi~u hien

Thai

Vii, Vii Yen,
sut ha

trong

KTHD, co be mat dia hinh cao 0,3 - 0,8m. Mat d.t g6m ba lop:
- Lop mat, (am

- c). day

Q ,v;)tb

0,1 - 0,9m,

trung

binh

set bQt nau

0.3m.

xam.
- Lop thu hai, (bm

Q,vJtb - b), day 0.6 - Lm, trung

binh

O,8m, bun

bQt xa m

xanh.
- Lop thu

- a), day

ba, (m Q ,/tb

xarn na u chua

nhieu

di tich va Than

tren lop dam lay luc dia ven bi~n phan
. Lop darn

lay bi~n

xarn

xanh

bm

1.2 - 1,5m.

thanh

mem bien.
tren

bdt, cat bQt rnau

Lop nay thuong

h~ tang

Q ,v:ltb

phan

Hili Hung

- b co be mat

phu true tiep

(bl Q,V'-2hh

narn

xap

-

c).

xi ngang

MTTB.

• K iiu 4 (hinh
h~ tang

Thai

hien trong

2.10): Mat d.t chi g6m cac Idp thuoc

2.9 dell hiuh

Binh,

ph an bo

sut ha KTHD.

phan

tr en

d tay nam D6 Son. be mat cao 0.5 - 1m. noi bi~u

co lang

dong b6i tich den bu manh,

Mat d.t

g6m hai

ldp:
- Lop mat.

mau nau,

(am Q ,/ltb

nau xam,

ngap trieu

day 0,3 - Lrn. co khi den Lfim.

(m a,

m

Q ,/tb

nho mau xarn. xarn nau.
den MTTB,

day

- c). nguon

thucc

tudng

0,5 - 2m. chua

g6m bun

bQt set,

set bQt

thuoc tudng

bai boi chau th6

goc bi~n song. bi~n

g6m cat bot, cat

bai trieu thap,

va Than

mern

bien.

phan
Dudi

bo tit muc trieu
lop nay

thap

la bun

bot

dudi trieu.

• K iiu 5 (hinh
ldp cat bi~n narn
co thanh

phan

2.11):

d phan

luc nguyen

Mat
tren

d.t
mat

g6m cac ldp thuoc
~iit, ph an bo

h~ t5.ng Thai

Binh

va co

d cac bai cat bi~n. doi cat bi~n.

d dong b£c va tay nam D6 Son, be mat dia hinh cao

- 1.5m. Mat cat g6m hai lop:

80

goc song bi~n,

cao.

- Lop dudi,

tudng

- c), nguon

°


Tlli nguyen va M ot tru o n g bien. T(lp V I

K /E ;;
.1.9. M al cil b;/friev

ri;n

lal1.9

Ki;!t .f

.3l.M rr8

1. If. M #I cif b;ip/1i; Tay H oenJ C hil/' C at H ai
m

,~

0

-10"'4.

;11

f

~~;~~I~~,
.-------------~--~----------~

CHU hgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONML
G IA I

K ii~ 6

1;:.;,-!iI~7tj;l::.:::·:Hq:::::I:"·:§§h

2.13· M 4 tcif nJanJih~;"

c.ii B eo.C ;ifB a

lib

1:<1. Sit;

•wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
10
:.' -."

,

... ' ..

-. ',~: - 3· · ;

c : cat;

d-

Cui;, ~i!n,/I1;nn lI!,n YO"

YO thin ",;m JllnIui;

e. /?lJnsanltO clrit; I·Pe/uS',·
{)~tilkM ng pJinc;'i4; 5.£)8110'-;h. {J r, bd I1.:'0. So'lti~ut.Jp {J hiitlt1.

5

S LM T T B

h.M t;

AI

cd e f!ln

utsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
m: SL M 118 I1ItjC Irdu trvng lIinh.

Il inh 2. Cac mat eat bai triclI dac trung

(1 ven bi11hli Phung

81


Tai nguyen va M 6i truong biln. Ttip VIwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG

- Lop tren (m Q,y3 t b - c), ngucn goc bi~n (thanh tao do song hoac do dong
i
trieu), thanh ph.an cat nho xa m vang, day 0,5 - 3m. Hau het trtirn tich d giautsrqponm
dean dang tich tu.

- Lop dudihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
(m , m a Q,y:3 tb), g6m cat bot, bot xam nau, tudng trieu thap hoac
dudi trieu, co th~ thuoc phan thap, giu:a hoac phan -tren he tflng Thai Binh, tuy
theo vi trf cu th~.

Ki~u 6 (hinh 2.12, hinh 2.13): Mat cAt ran san ho. phan bo chu yeu d dong
aao Cat Ba. Mat thern ran cao 0 - 0.5m / omHD. Mat bai cat tren ran cao 2.
- 4m / OIllHD.Mat cAt g6m hai ldp co ban:

narn

- Lop tren (m Q,y 3 tb -

c),

nguon goc bai ca t bi~n va sinh v~ t duoc tich tu do

song. day 1 - 3m. g6m cac ldp mong ca t xen cuoi. san soi.
- Lop dudi Ia da voi ran san ho, nguon goc sinh hoc, tu6i duoc xep VaGphan
giua h~ tflng Hai Hung,

4 .

THAo

(m

Q,yl 2hh - b). bg day da voi tao ran hang met.DCBA

LU~N

Trr ket qua ueu tren, co th~ thay ding tham gia VaG mat cAt tram

tfch bai

trieu ven bo Hai Phoug. tfnh til muc trieu thap nhat trd len co cac loai tra m
tich aluvi song, song bien. darn Hiy bien, bi~n (dong lire song, thuy trieu, sinh
vat) tu6i tu Pleixtoxen muon cho cten hien nay thuoc cac h~ tflng Vinh Phuc
(Q'I,2Vp),
Hai Hung (Q1yl 2hh) va Thai Binh (Q,y"Jtb). Cac ldp trarn tich thuoc h~
d.ng Vinh Phuc tudug aluvi song va Hai Hung tudng darn My bi~n chi co mat d
cac bai trieu thucc ddi naug trong KTHD d phia dong bac D6 Son [2]. Hau het
cac lop tram tich Holoxen bfii tr ieu ctgu co nguon goc thanh tao trong ddi trieu.
rat hiem cac lop mong dudi trieu.
Vg nguon goc ctQng luc thauh tao. cac lop tram tich trong cac kieu 1 - 4 uu
the tfch tu do ctQng 1\IC trieu, ki~u 5 do ctQngluc song va ki~u 6 do sinh v~ t bi~n.
So ldp tao n eu bai tr'ieu tang va bg day ldp giarn d cac bai tr ieu narn tren ddi
nang KTHD. So lop tao bai trieu giam va bg day lop tang d ddi sut ha KTHD.
Dac trung cho bai trieu ddi nang KTHD la ki~u 1, 2 (g6m 4 hoac 3 lop). Cho tdi
ddi sut ha tay nam D6 Son la ki~u 4 (chi g6m 2 lop). Ki~u 5 dac trung cho uoi co
ctQnglire song, dong trieu manh va ki~u 6 a~c trung cho vung trieu ran san ho d
(tong nam Cat Ba. 'I'ap hop cac ki~u mat cAt bai trieu tao uen cac nhorn nguon
goc. Nhorn bfii t.rieu vung cua song hinh pheu g6m cac ki~u 1. 2, 3 va 5, nhorn
bai trieu ven bo chau th6 phfa tay nam D6 Sou g6m cac ki~u 4 va 5. Nhorn ven
vinh dao dong nam Cat Ba a~c trung bdi ki~u 6.
82


Tai nguyen

va

M 6i truang biln. Tap VIwvutsrqponm

Trong cac ki~u mat cat bai trieu dong b~c D6 Son thucng xufit hien lap

tram tich d§.m l§.y - bi~n hgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
(bm Q lv3tb - b) thuoc phan gifra he t§.ng Thai Binh. Do
la cac tram tich b9t set deo quanh mau xarn xanh club nhieu di tich than, r~
thuc vat ngap man. Tr§.m tich Ray rat gioug' lap Dong Da, thuoc h~ t§.ng Hal
Hung d Ha N9i va Ian can. Trong khi do, lap tram tich he tang' Hai Hung cung

t
mat d..t bai trieu thuong lai la bQt set mau xam den co chua di tich thuc vautsrqponmlkjih
ngap man va Than mern bi~n (hinh 2.1, hinh 2.2). Lop trarn tich mau xarn xanh

neu tren xuat hien nhu la mot lap danh dau cho khu vue. (j cac mat dt

cau

true bai trieu ki~u 1 va 2 narn tren ddi nang KTHD, lop nay narn tren MTTB
can d ki~u 3 narn tai vung sut ha KTHD, lap nay narn dudi MTTB chimg minh
cho qua trinh ngap chim hien dai.

Oven bo Hai Phong, tram tich thuoc h~ t~ng Hai Hung. tu6i Holoxen sdm giua duoc phan chi a thanh ba phan: phan duoi (a, l QIVI-2hh - a) la cac tram
tich aluvi va h6 dam; phan giira (m b, m Qlvl-2hh - b) g6m cac tram tich d~m !fiy
- bi~n va bien; phan tren (lb,

am

QIVI-2hh - c) g6m cac tram

tich h6 - d~m va

song - bi~n. Tram tich thuoc h~ t~ng Thai Binh cung duoc chi a thanh
phan dudi

(m

Q IV 3tb

- a)

g6m cac tram tfch bien: phan gifra

(m ,

brn, am

ba phan:
Q Jv:ltb -

g6m cac tram tich bien, darn l~y - bi~n va song - bi~n; phan tren (Q Jvatb - c)
g6m tram tich co nhieu nguon goc khac nhau. Cau true cua cac bai trieu duoc
b)

xem xet tu ngang muc trieu thap nhat trd len duoc phan thanh 6 ki~u. Ki~u 1
va 2 dac trung cho cac ddi nang KTHD d dong b~c D6 Son va trong cau true bai
co mat cac lap tram tich thucc he t~ng Vinh Phuc (a Q JJJ2V p) va Hai Hung. Ki~u
3 d~c trung cho ddi sut ha KTHD dong b~c D6 Son va cau true bfii g6m du ba
phan cua h~ t~ng Thai Binh. Ki~u 4 d~c trtrng cho ddi sut ha manh KTHD tay
nam D6 Son va cau true bai trieu chi g6m cac lop thuoc phan tren cua he tiing
Thai Biilh. Ki~u 5 d;]ic trung

cho nhirng noi d9ng luc song va dong chay rnanh

va tram tfch tao bai trieu thuoc h~ tiing Thai Binh. Cuoi cung, ki~u 6 dac trung
cho vung trieu co ran san ho d dong nam dao Cat Ba.DCBA

T A l

1. D~ng Van Bat,

LI~U

T H A M

K H A o

1 9 8 8 .

MQt so ket qua phan tich tu6i tuyet doi d d6ng bang Ha N9i. Nhirng phat
hien mdi ve khao c6 hQC 1988. tr. 11 - 12, Vien Khao c6, Ha N9i.

83


;;;...

bien. T ap V I wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG

T ai nguyen va M 6i truong

2. Ngu yeri C~n va nnk,

1994.

d9ng dirt .gay hien dai vung Hai Phong - Quang Yen. Tautsrqponmlkjihgfedc
i nguyen va
M6i truoug bien. T~p II, tr 64 - 60. NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat. Ha N9i.
Hoat

3.

Ngu yan Kim Dung,

199 O.

Di chi xuong Trang Kenh (Hai Phong) qua hai 1:in khai quat, Khao c6 hoc.
So 3. tr. 64 - 82.
4.

Dinh Van Huy v a Trlin Due Th:;tnh, 1994.
SlJ phat

triEin cua duoug

bo d khu V\iC Hai Phong

- Quang

Yen trong

Holoxen qua ughienqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
diu cac h~ cte cat c6. T'ai nguyen va M6i trucng bien.
T~p II, tr.61 - 65. NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat, Ha N9i.

5.

Hoang Ngoc KY.,1978.
Bao cao ban do dia chat ty l~ 11200 000 cum td Hai Phong

- Na m Dinh.

Luu

tnt tai C\lC Dia chat Viet Na m.
6.

Hoang Ngoc KY.,1989.
net Ion cua lich S1.t ph a t triEin dia chat mien B:1c Viet
Nam trong ky D~ tu. Tom t:1t luau an pho tien sy. tr.1 - 20. Ha N9i.

Dia tang

7.

va nhirng

Ngu yeri Khiie S it, 1992.
M9t vai d;)c di~m cua thoi ky qua d9 hI Vall hoa Son Vi sang van hoa Hoa
Binh. Khao c6 hoc, So 2. tr. 13 - 17.

8.

Trlin Due Th~nh,

1991.

Dun lieu ve dot ha thap muc nude vao cuoi Holoxen gnra - ctau Holoxen
mudn d vung ven bo d6ng b:1c Viet Na m. Ta i nguyeu va M6i truoug bien, tr.
48 - 63. NXB Khoa hoc va ky thua t. Ha N9i.
9.

Trlin Due Th~nh,

1993.

Cac phuc he sinh thai

tao Silic (D iatom eae)

trong tra m tich D~ tu vung

trieu Hai Phong - Quang Yen. Tap chi Khoa hoc. Dai hoc T6ng hop Ha N9i.
So 1, tr. 34 - 40.
10. Trlin Due Th an h, Nguy~n

Chu Hai, Ngu yen Due C \i va nnk, 1993.

M6i truoug dia chat ven bo Hai Phong. Luu trfr d Phan vien Hai duong hoc
tai Hai Phorig.
11. Ngo Quang

To an va nnk,

1993.

Baa cao dia chat va tim kiern khoang san nhorn tai thanh
l~ 1160 000. Luu trft tai C\lC Dia chat Viet Na m.
8-1

I

phd Hai Phong. ty


Tai qponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDC
nguyen W I M 6i truong bien. T(ip V I wvutsrqponml

SUMMARY

HOLOCENE
OF INTERTIDAL

STRATIGRAPHY AND THE STRUCTURE
FLATS IN THE HAIPHONG

COASTAL AREA
Trail D ue Thanh

Based

on

the

paleontological

analysis

including

diatoms,

palynology

foraminifera and mollusks and combined with geomorphologocal. archeological
and C l4 age data. the Holocene stratigraphy in the Haiphong Coastal Area was
divided as following:
• Haihung

Formation

- Lower part
- Middle part

(a,

1 Q,v' ~hh -

alluvium and lacustrine

a):

m . Q,v 1 2hh

(m b,

- Upper part (lb,

(Q,v1utsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
~hh). early - middle Holocene age.

- b): marine

- boggy and marine sediments.

Q,v1 21th - c): lacustrine

am

sediments.

- boggy and alluvium

- marine

sediments.
• 'I'haibinh Formation

(Q ,v;ltb): late Holocene age:

- Lower part (m Q 'V0tb - a): marine sediments.
- Middle part

- b): marine,

(m , brn, a m Q ,/tb

boggy - marine and alluvium

- marine sediments.
- Upper part

(m , m a, a m , b m , lb Q ,v;ltb - c):

polygenesis sediments.

The intertidal flat structure considered from the lowest tidal level consists
of 6 types with the sediment layers which are different in their number and age
and arranged
•

downward as follows:

Type 1: 4 layers /

- c / b m . Q ,v;ltb

a m , b m . Q ,/tb

- b / mb

Q ,v'-2hh

- b /

a Q ,/vp/

• Type 2: 3 layers /

a m , bm . Q ,/tb

• Type 3: 3 layers /

a m , bm Q ,v;ltb -

• Type 4: 2 layers /

a m Q ,v;ltb -

• Type 5: 2 layers / m Q ,/tb
• Type 6: 2 layers

c /

- c / brri Q 'V0tb - b / bm , m . Q /Vl 2hh - b /

c / brri Q ,/'tb

m a , m. Q ,v3tb

- b / m . Q lv3tb - a /
- c/

- c / m , m a Q ,/tb/

/ m . Q ,v3tb - c / m Q ,vl-2hh

- bl

85


Tai nguyen

va M iJi truong bien. Tijp VIwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

Types 1 and 2 are typical for the uplifting zones during the recent tectonic
period (RTP) in Northeast Doson Peninsular.
'Fype 3 is characteristic
of
. subsiding

zones during

RTP in Northeast

Doson. Type 4 is typical for the

violent subsiding zone in the Southwest Doson. Type 6 is indencative of the
areas where wave and tidal current dynamics is intensive: Type 6 is noticed in
the Southeast Catha Island where there exist fringing coral reefs.

86qponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA