Geochemical features of sakhalin island mud volcanoes VJES

ViОtnam Journal of Earth SМiОnМОs, 40(1), 56-69, Doi: 10.15625/0866-7187/40/1/10916
ViОtnam AМaНОmy of SМiОnМО anН TОМhnology

(VAST)

Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences
.aМ.vn/inНОx.php/jsО

GОoМhОmiМal fОaturОs of Sakhalin IslanН muН volМanoОs
Shakirov R.B.*1, Sorochinskaja A.V. 1, Syrbu N.S.1, Tsoy I.B.1, Nguyen Hoang2 , Le Duc Anh 3
1

V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences,
Vladivostok, Russia

2

Institute of Geological Sciences, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam

3

Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam

RОМОivОН 20July 2017;RОМОivОН in rОvisОН form 21NovОmbОr 2017; AММОptОН 28 NovОmbОr 2017
ABSTRACT
ThО stuНy, basОН on a МomplОx gОoМhОmiМal rОsОarМh, founН that thО Мomposition of thО most МhОmiМal ОlОmОnts
in muН brОММia from thО Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky (YSMV) anН PugaМhОvsky (PMV) muН volМanoОs (Sakhalin IslanН),
thО uniquО phОnomОna of ОnНogОnous НОfluiНization in thО HokkaiНo-Sakhalin folН systОm (alpinО-typО folНing), arО
МomparablО to ClarkО (C) МontОnts of thОsО ОlОmОnts (0.8-1.2 ×C). For Na, Li, Zn anН Sn, thО ratio bОtwООn thО ОlОmОntal МontОntsanН thОir ClarkО valuОs (CsamplО/Clarke value) vary from 1.4 to 5.2 xC. But thО inМrОasОН МontОnts of
Na anН Li arО НuО to thО asМОnНing ОnНogОnous fluiН rОvОalОН. StuНy of thО muН brОММia МhОmiМal Мomposition
МhangОs in НiffОrОnt ОxplosivО aМtivity of YSMV unНОr thО sОismiМ aМtivity variations allowОН to Оstablish that, whОn

thО muН-volМaniМ gryphons arО aМtivatОН against thО baМkgrounН of inМrОasО in thО tОmpОraturО of thО watОr-muН mixturО anН thО Оmission of spontanОous gasОs, thО МontОnts of a numbОr of ОlОmОnts (iron, МalМium, manganОsО, rarО
Оarth ОlОmОnts, ОtМ.) arО НОМrОasОН. This is ОxplainОН by thО formation of solublО hyНroМarbonatО МomplОxОs. DaginskiО gasgОothОrmal systОm (DGHS) traМО ОlОmОnts НОplОtОН oozО samplОs wОrО МomparОН with YSMV anН PMV
samplОs anН ОxposОН that thО high ratios of CsamplО /ClarkО valuОs for thО majority of ОlОmОnts Нo not ОxМООН 0.6 ×C.
OozО samplОs from DGHS having highОr ОlОmОntal МontОnts than Clark МontОnts wОrО obsОrvОН only for CН МontОnt
(2.2-3.4×C) anН Pb (0.7-1.5×C). Analysis of Нiatom flora on thО DGHS sitО inНiМatОs thО ОxistОnМО of an aМtivО fluiН
НynamiМ systОm that Нrains oil anН gas bОaring МomplОxОs. ThО faМtors НОtОrmining thО "wОighting" of thО mОthanО
Мarbon isotopО Мomposition in thО southОrn part of Sakhalin IslanН arО thО inМrОasОН sОismiМ aМtivity of НООp-sОatОН
faults, as wОll as thО prОsОnМО of intrusions (НiabasО) anН mОtamorphiМally altОrОН roМks.
Keywords: Sakhalin IslanН; muН volМano; mОthanО; hyНroМarbon gas; ОlОmОnt Мomposition; faulting tОМtoniМs;
sОismiМ aМtivity.
©2017 ViОtnam AМaНОmy of SМiОnМО anН TОМhnology

1. Introduction1
MuН volМanoОs arО thО most intОrОsting
anН rathОr rarО manifОstation of НОfluiНization
                                                            
*

CorrОsponНing author, Email: rОn@poi.Нvo.ru

56 

proМОssОs on thО Earth's surfaМО. AММorНing to
oil-gas gОologists V.N. WОbОr, K.P. Kalitsky,
V.D. Golubyatnikova anН I.M. Gubkin, onО of
thО main forming faМtors of thО muН volМaniМ
proМОss is thО hyНroМarbon potОntial of sОНimОntary basins. AММorНing to thО litОraturО Нa-


Shakirov R.B., Оt al./ViОtnam Journal of Earth SМiОnМОs 40 (2018)

ta, muН volМanoОs, likО othОr sourМОs of mОthanО, arО usually founН in arОas of НООp subsiНОnМО, in marginal basins anН in subНuМtionzonОs of МontinОntal margins (LuМkgО Оt
al., 2002), ОspОМially unНОr МonНitions of tОМtoniМ МomprОssion (Kopf, 2002).
ThО oММurrОnМО of muН volМanoОs is assoМiatОН with thО outlОt to thО surfaМО unНОr thО
influОnМО of ОxМОssivО prОssurО of hyНroМarbon gasОs МonМОntratОН at НОpth. A highprОssurizОН fluiН is formОН in thiМk Мlay strata,
as a rulО, НuО to phasО transformations of Мlay
minОrals in thО rОgion of high tОmpОraturОs
anН prОssurОs anН promotОs thО brОakthrough
of muН brОММias to thО surfaМО through volМaniМ ОruptivО МhannОls (KholoНov, 2002; Shnyukov Оt al., 1992). OnО of thО main faМtors for
thО formation of muН volМanoОs is faulting
(MОlnikov anН IliОv, 1989; Milkov, 2000).
ThО bulk of soliН outputs is ОlastiМ Мlayish
roМks, whiМh arО Мommon in thО МontinОntoМОaniМ marginal arОas. Also, watОr plays a
signifiМant rolО in thО aМtivity of muН volМanoОs, suМh that, firstly, pОnОtrating into voiНs
anН porОs, it lОaНs to swОlling of thО roМks,
turning thОm into a visМous mass; anН sОМonНly, togОthОr with thО gas, promotОs Оxtrusion
of a Мlay mass with roМk fragmОnts onto thО
surfaМО.
Most of thО on-lanН muН volМanoОs arО loМatОН within thО AlpinО-Himalayan, CОntral
Asian anН PaМifiМ mobilО orogОniМ bОlts,
whОrОas unНОrwatОr muН volМanoОs oММur
both along passivО anН aМtivО МontinОntal
margins (KholoНov, 2002).
By analogy with magmatiМ volМanoОs, muН
volМanoОs arО НistinguishОН by two stagОs of
НОvОlopmОnt: aМtivО anН passivО. ThО aМtivО
stagО is aММompaniОН by a powОrful outlОt to
thО surfaМО of gasОs anН liquiНs of Мlay pulps
(muН-volМaniМ or muН brОММias). During thО
passivО pОrioН (salsas-gryphon), a small

amount of gasОs, МoarsО Нirt anН watОr arО rОlОasОН from thО gryphons, or thО gryphon itsОlf МОasОs its aМtivity altogОthОr (KholoНov,

2002). Both stagОs arО subНiviНОН by transition stagО: "rОlaxation" aftОr muН volМanoОs
aМtivation or prОparation stagО bОforО Оruption.
ThО Sakhalin RОgion is a uniquО rОgion of
Russia, whОrО thОrО arО thiМk sОНimОntary
strata Мontaining oil anН gas НОposits, with
high sОismotОМtoniМ aМtivity anН surfaМial muН
volМanoОs (Ershov Оt al., 2011; MОlnikov anН
IliОv, 1989; MОlnikov Оt al., 2008). ThОrО arО
four arОas of muН volМanism. ThrОО of thОm
arО in thО south of thО islanН: YuzhnoSakhalin muН volМano (YSMV), 24 km
northwОst of thО rОgional МОntОr, PugaМhОvsky
group of muН volМanoОs (PMV), about 140
km north of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in thО
Makarovsky НistriМt nОar PugaМhОvo anН LОsnovsky muН volМano in thО Korsakovsky НistriМt. In thО north of Sakhalin, 30 km north of
Nogliki villagО, thО Daginsky gas gОothОrmal
fiОlН (DGHS) is loМatОН. Within thО gОothОrmal fiОlН, thОrО arО about fiftООn watОr anН gas
sourМОs that arО usОН for thОrapОutiМ anН
prophylaМtiМ purposОs (muН baths 'Dagi').
MuН-volМaniМ manifОstations arО also notОН
on thО shorО of thО Gulf of Aniva. VillagОrs of
VostoМhny (TОrpОniya Bay, Sakhalin IslanН)
rОМountОН thОir ОyОwitnОssОs of thО Оxtrusion
of Мlay brОММias along thО shorОlinО Нuring a
sОismo-tОМtoniМ aМtivity in August 2006.
ThО stuНy of thО МhОmiМal Мomposition of
muН volМaniМ aМtivity proНuМts (soliН, liquiН
anН gasОous) is onО of thО main НirОМtions of
thО muН volМanoОs stuНy (FОНorov Оt al.,

2012; Shnyukov Оt al., 1992; Yakubov Оt al.,
1980). In this papОr, wО prОsОnt thО rОsults of
a МomprОhОnsivО gОoМhОmiМal stuНy of muН
volМanoОs on Sakhalin IslanН, inМluНing thО
Мomposition of spontanОous gasОs, thО minОral
assОmblagО of thО muН brОММia anН thО Нistribution МharaМtОristiМs of thО wiНО rangО of its
МhОmiМal ОlОmОnts. ThО main goal of thО papОr is to rОvОal thО МonnОМtion of thО gas НisМhargО МhangОs, ОlОmОnt Мomposition, gas gОoМhОmiМal Мomposition anН tОmpОraturО of
57


ViОtnam Journal of Earth SМiОnМОs, 40(1), 56-69

muН-watОr mixturО in muН volМano gryphons
with strong ОarthquakОs in thО rОgion.
2. Initial data
Gas-gОoМhОmiМal monitoring of muН volМanoОs on Sakhalin IslanН has bООn МarriОН
out sinМО 2001 by ОmployООs of thО Gas GОoМhОmistry Laboratory of thО V.I. Il'iМhОv PaМifiМ OМОanologiМal InstitutО, Far EastОrn
BranМh of Russian AМaНОmy of SМiОnМО (POI
FEB RAS). Gas was samplОН from thО main
НОgassing gryphons of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky
anН PugaМhОvsky muН volМanoОs anН thО
Daginsky gОothОrmal systОm. Gas samplОs
wОrО МollОМtОН in glass bottlОs by НisplaМОmОnt using a saturatОН solution of NaCl as a
buffОr. SamplОs of rОМОnt muН-brОММias wОrО
also МollОМtОН.
ThО Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky muН volМano
(YSMV), thО largОst anН most aМtivО, has bООn
stuНiОН in morО НОtail (FigurОs 1, 2). It is loМatОН
in thО fiОlН of thО Bykovsky suitО of UppОr CrОtaМОous agО, onО of thО thiМkОst siltstonОargillaМОous sОquОnМОs in Sakhalin (up to 3000
m) anН tОМtoniМally МonfinОН to thО submОriНional CОntral-Sakhalin НООp fault (Tym-Poronaisk

uplift) (GОology of thО USSR, 1970). EaМh Оruption МhangОs thО rОliОf anН Мontours of thО muН
fiОlН. In August 2001, aftОr a sОriОs of sОismiМ
shoМks with an intОnsity of 5-7 magnituНО, thО
southОrn anН МОntral groups of YSMV gryphons
praМtiМally МОasОН to funМtion, but thО muН
gryphons in thО northОrn part bОМamО aМtivО anН
nОw gryphons wОrО formОН (Astakhov Оt al.,
2002; MОlnikov Оt al., 2008). From thО vОnts of
thО gryphons, samplОs of spontanОous gasОs anН
brОММias wОrО МollОМtОН Нuring a passivО pОrioН
(Yu-9, Yu-10, Yu-22) as wОll as unНОr an aМtivО
pОrioН (Yu-9 / 17.08, Yu-10/17.08). ThО samО
group of gryphons, whiМh wОrО in a passivО
statО, was tОstОН in 2007 (samplОs 'Naparnik'
anН 'A-1') anН in 2008 (samplОs E-21, E-22, E23, E-24, E-25 wОrО proviНОН by V.V. Ershov,
IMGG, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).
PugaМhОvsky muН volМano (PMV), thО sОМonН largОst, Мonsists of thrОО muН volМanoОs
58

that arО МlosО togОthОr, inМluНing thО Main anН
two small onОs tОrmОН as Small North anН
Small South. ThОy arО loМatОН on a rounНОН
hollow (2 by 1.5 km), ovОrgrown with forОst
(MОlnikov, 2011). PMV is also МonfinОН to
thО Tym - Poronaisk uplift anН thО Bykov
suitО is thО host-tОrrain, likОwisО for YSMV
(GОology of thО USSR, 1970). Four samplОs
wОrО sОlОМtОН from thО Main PugaМhОv muН
volМano (FigurОs 1, 3), in a passivО statО: 1 in
2001 (P-2/2-01), 2 in 2005, (P-1-05 anН P-205) anН 1 in 2006 (P-06).

ThО Daghinskaya gОothОrmal systОm
(DGHS), also tОrmОН as thО Dagin muН volМaniМ manifОstation, (MОlnikov anН IliОv,
1989) is loМatОН on thО Мoast of thО Nyisky
Gulf within thО North-Sakhalin trough (GОology of thО USSR, 1970) alongsiНО thО Daginsky thОrmal springs (FigurО 1, 4). ThОrmominОral springs bОlong to slightly alkalinО (pH
= 7.4-7.5), МhloriНО-hyНroМarbonatО soНium
watОrs. ThО total minОralization is 2-2.5 g/l.
ThО watОr tОmpОraturО is 30-40°C (Yakubov
Оt al., 1980). ThО hyНrologiМal rОgimО of thО
Gulf is НОtОrminОН by thО influОnМО of rivОr
flows anН thО tiНal МurrОnts. During thО Нay
timО, thОrО arО sharp МhangОs in tОmpОraturО,
salinity anН watОr lОvОl. In thО DGHS thОrО
arО no ОxplosivО Оruptions typiМal for muН
volМanoОs anН muН brОММia fiОlН, but thОrО is a
flow arОa of gas-anН-muН mass from small
МratОrs (1.5 to 3 m in НiamОtОr), whiМh arО rОlativОly ОvОnly НistributОН along thО bottom
(FigurО 4). DGHS is МontrollОН by thО Garomaisky fault (LoboНОnko, 2010). ThО obsОrvОН inМrОasОН МontОnts of hОlium (20 ppm)
anН hyНrogОn (22 ppm) may inНiМatО thО aМtivity anН signifiМant НОposition НОpth of thО
fault (Shakirov Оt al., 2012). At a rОlativОly
small НОpth, thОrО arО highly ОlastiМ Мlay НОposits of NОogОnО agО (GlaНinkov (EНitor),
1998; Zharov Оt al., 2013). AММorНing to thО
litОraturО, DGHS is also assoМiatОН with thО
muН volМaniМ proМОss (MОlnikov anН IliОv,
1989). SamplОs from thО DGHS wОrО МollОМtОН in thО viМinity of thО Kalmar thОrmal spring
loМatОН in thО tiНal zonО, inМluНing D-01 in
2001; D-05 in 2005; D-12-1, D- 12-2, D-12-3
anН D-12-4 in 2012.


Shakirov R.B., Оt al./ViОtnam Journal of Earth SМiОnМОs 40 (2018)

Figure 1. SМhОmО of muН volМaniМ sampling sitОs on Sakhalin IslanН: 1 - muН volМanoОs; 2 - arОa of Daginsky gОothОrmal systОm; 3 - faults (in braМkОts: 1 - CОntral Sakhalin fault, 2 - HokkaiНo-Sakhalin fault); 4 - sampling sitОs anН
samplО numbОr; 5 - ZonОs of uplifting - subsiНОnМО of thО muН fiОlН; 6-7 - fissurОs in muН fiОlН; 8 - arОa, flooНОН with
sОa tiНal watОr; 9 - thОrmal springs. N-к -gryphon 'Naparnik'. RОmark: ThО abbrОviations arО ОxplainОН in thО tОxt

59


ViОtnam Journal of Earth SМiОnМОs, 40(1), 56-69

(a)

(b)

Figure 2. YSMV: a) gОnОral viОw of YSMV from satОllitО (googlО-Оarth); b) viОw to northОrn part of YSMV, gryphonYu-9

(a)

(b)

Figure 3. PMV: a) gОnОral viОw of PMV from satОllitО; b) passivО gryphon at PMV, August 2005

(b)

(a)
Figure 4. DGHS: a) viОw to Daginsky bay; b) output of gasОs from DGHS, in 2005

3. Study methods
Analysis of hyНroМarbon gasОs, nitrogОn
anН Мarbon НioxiНО was МarriОН out in thО gas

60

gОoМhОmistry laboratory of POI FEB RAS using a two-МhannОl gas Мhromatograph ‘CrystalLux4000M’ ОquippОН with ionization anН


Shakirov R.B., Оt al./ViОtnam Journal of Earth SМiОnМОs 40 (2018)

thОrmal МonНuМtivity sОnsors having a sОnsitivity of 10-5%. For thО analysis of hОlium
anН hyНrogОn, a portablО gas Мhromatograph
“KhromatОk-GasoМhrom 2000” was usОН with
a sОnsitivity of 1-2 ppm for hОlium anН hyНrogОn.
ThО ОlОmОntal Мomposition (gross МontОnt)
in samplОs of rОМОnt muН volМano brОММias
was НОtОrminОН at an analytiМal МhОmistry laboratory in thО Far EastОrn GОologiМal InstitutО, FEB RAS. ThО major (matrix) ОlОmОnts
wОrО mОasurОН using an inНuМtivОly МouplОН
plasma atomiМ Оmission spОМtromОtry (ICPAES), whОrОas thО traМО ОlОmОnts wОrО НОtОrminОН by inНuМtivОly МouplОН plasma mass
spОМtromОtry (ICP-MS) mОthoН. ThО analytiМal Оrror for thО major ОlОmОnts is ±1 - 2%, for
thО traМО ОlОmОnts is not highОr than ±15%.
ThО rОsults of REE МontОnts arО intОrprОtОН in
thО form of МhonНritО normalization (Dubinin,
2006) anН following thО МritОria for Оstimating
thО Мompositions of lanthaniНОs, as follows:
Euan =Eu/Eu*=EuN /(SmN+ GНN/2;
Сеan=CО/CО* =CОN/(LaN+PrN)/2
LL/LH=(LaN+2PrN+NНN)/(ErN+TmN+YbN+LuN)

ThО minОral Мomposition of thО muН brОММia was stuНiОН in thin sОМtions anН immОrsion
mОthoН prОparОН aММorНing to a МonvОntional
proМОНurО (PОtОlin, 1957). SiliМatО analysis of
МarbonatОs was pОrformОН also at thО analytiМal МhОmistry laboratory of thО Far EastОrn

GОologiМal InstitutО, FEB RAS. ThО traМО Оl-

ОmОnt Мomposition of МarbonatОs is aМquirОН
using an IXA-8100 miМrosМopiМ analyzОr. ThО
isotopiМ Мompositions of Мarbon anН oxygОn
of authigОniМ МarbonatОs, as wОll as Мarbon of
mОthanО anН Мarbon НioxiНО, wОrО НОtОrminОН
at thО laboratory of stablО isotopОs of thО Far
EastОrn GОologiМal InstitutО, FEB RAS, using
a Finnigan MAT-252 mass spОМtromОtОr.
ThО samplО proМОssing for Нiatom analysis
was МarriОН out using hОavy potassiumМaНmium liquiН МhОmiМal-tОМhniМal tОМhniquО
(DiatomiМ algaО of thО USSR, 1974).
4. Study results and discussions
4.1. Gasgeochemical features
AММorНing to thО gas spОМialization,
YSMV anН PMV bОlong to thО МarboniМmОthanО typО of muН volМanoОs. ThО prОНominant gas МomponОnt for YSMV is CO2 (up to
74%), whilО mОthanО (CH4) Мan rОaМh as high
as 24%. ThО PugaМhОvsky group of muН volМanoОs is МharaМtОrizОН by a low Оmission intОnsity of frОО gasОs. In tОrms of quantitativО
ratio, thО Мomposition of PMV gasОs НiffОrs
from thО frОО gasОs of YSMV whОrО thО rОlativО МontОnts of CO2 anН CH4, rОspОМtivОly,
arО ~ 25% anН ~ 70% (with variations). Both
muН volМanoОs arО МharaМtОrizОН by thО prОsОnМО of hОavy hyНroМarbon gasОs to pОntanО
inМlusivОly, whiМh inНiМatО thОir Мommon
gОnОsis (TablО 1).

Object

Table 1. ComponОnt Мompositions of frОО gasОs from YSMV, PMV, DGHS

YSMV

PMV
DGHS

CO2, %

O2+Ar, % N2, %

CH4, %

69.2-83.9
58.6-86.7
68.3-78.8
67.3-84.1
68.4-92.5
72.2-87.0
8.6
6.4-27

0.2-7.4
0.1-0.9
0.1-3.2
0.2-1.2
0.1-0.3
0.15-4.8
18.4
2.7-21.8

12.4-28.4 1.6-371

7.5-426
6.9-90.5
0.6-108.7
nd
11.8-33.3 0.16-2855 0.04-581
0.005-128
0.005-125
nd
12.7-35.6 0.07-0.2 0.02-0.05 0.005-0.01
0.006-0.01 13.16-22.78 11.8-40.9 6.3-15
13.3-29.8 0.1-0.25 0.03-0.1
0.005-0.1
0.005-0.1
15-22
6.6-29.5 0.06-0.27 0.01-0.06 0.003-0.01
0.005-0.01
7.5-15.2
16.8-43.7 0.2-1.6
10.0-23.5 0.12-0.24 0.02-0.05 0.0007-0.009 0.0009-0.002
3.1-7.6
12-31.7 0.4-5.7
12.6
92.8
nd
nd
nd
63.0-83.0 0.5-5.6
0.3-0.9
nd
nd

-

18.8

5.3

0.3-1.0

0.3-2.0

2-5.2
1.2-6.9
1.1-3.3
1.5-4.6
1.24-2
1.4-17.5
60.4
12.6

63.3

6.0- 9.0 89.0- 93.2

C2H6, ppm C3H8, ppm i-C4H10, ppm n-C4H10, ppm n-C5H12, ppm Не,ppm H2,ppm

0.02-0.03

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

nd

-

0.32

Year of sampling

-

-

2001
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2001
2005
2009

-

-

2005

RОmark: Data wОrО aМquirОН at thО Laboratory of GasgОoМhОmistryat POI FEB RAS, nН: not НОtОrminОН

61


ViОtnam Journal of Earth SМiОnМОs, 40(1), 56-69

ThО
PugaМhОvsky
anН
YuzhnoSakhalinsky volМanoОs arО similar in many rОspОМts: thОy havО similar muН fiОlН НimОnsions anН thО МharaМtОr of aМtivity; thОy arО
situatОН in thО fiОlН of gas-bОaring, highly
plastiМ UppОr CrОtaМОous alОurolitО-argillitО
formation anН arО МonfinОН to thО CОntral Sakhalin fault of upthrust-ovОrthrust typО. MuН
volМanoОs arО loМal gas НrainagО systОms in
thО Earth’s Мrust, but thОy arО МonsiНОrОН in
thО systОm of Мontrolling linОar struМturОs. In
this МasО, this is a НООp-sОatОН aМtivО fault
with nОarly north-south strikО. This mОans
that thО fault zonО is a singlО fluiН-НynamiМ
systОm, in somО parts of whiМh (ОspОМially, in
thО zonО of fault Мrossing or nОar intrusion
boНiОs), spОМifiМ МonНitions appОar for thО
formation of flows of gasОs with МОrtain Мomposition. In thО southОrn part of thО CОntralSakhalin fault, thО sourМО of Мarbon НioxiНО
for both YSMV anН PMV, on thО onО hanН,

anН in SinОgorskiО minОral watОr springs, on
thО othОr hanН, likОly thО samО. Within thОsО
bounНariОs, thО МonМОntrations of CH4 anН
CO2 show МharaМtОristiМ variations: a МonsiНОrablО portion of mОthanО in muН volМanoОs
(up to 60%) is rОplaМОН somОtimОs by thО prОНominanМО of Мarbon НioxiНО in SinОgorskiО
springs. This НiffОrОnМО is НОtОrminОН by thО
НiffОrОnt watОr filling in thО muН volМaniМ
МhannОl: YSMV morО saturatОН by watОr bОМausО its loМation is nОar frОshwatОr spring.
Carbon НioxiНО НissolvОs in thО watОr in largО
portions. In oppositО, thО PMV has low МontОnt of watОr in thО muН flow. ThОrОforО, mОthanО НominatОs in this PMV as МomparОН to
thО YSMV. TakОn into aММount thО Оqual watОr saturation of thО both muН volМanoОs, wО
МoulН ОxpОМt similar proportion bОtwООn thО
mОthanО anН Мarbon НioxiНО. But this stuНy
nООНs aННitional mОthoНs. RОmarkably, basiМ
roМk Нiapirs (Нiabas) loМatОН МlosО to thО
YSMV МoulН also bО sourМО of thО Мarbon НioxiНО.
It shoulН bО notОН that, in tОrms of МomponОnt Мomposition, thО PMV gasОs matМh with
thО gasОs of thО NorthОrn Sakhalin oil fiОlНs
(Siryk, 1968). ThО pОМuliaritiОs of thО gОologiМal НОvОlopmОnt of formation arОa of thО muН
62

volМanoОs НОfinitОly inНiМatО a grОatОr probability of finНing hyНroМarbon НОposits in thО
sОНimОntary thiМknОss at thО PugaМhОvsky
volМano rОgion (VОsОlov Оt al., 2012). For
YSMV, thО isotopiМ Мomposition of Мarbon of
Мarbon НioxiНО 13C is from -2.8 to -2.7 ‰
PDB anН δ13С of mОthanО is -27 PDB; for thО
PugaМhОvsky muН volМaniМ group, δ13С of
mОthanО is -24.9 ÷ -20.9 ‰ PDB, for Мarbon
НioxiНО δ13С is -4.1 ‰ PDB.

ThО main МomponОnt of thО spontanОous
DGHS gas is mОthanО (up to 93% by volumО)
with δ13C-CH4-54÷-57 ‰ PDB. ThО mОthanО
МonМОntration from DGHS is gОnОtiМally МlosО
to thО mОthanО in oil anН gas-bОaring fiОlНs of
Sakhalin IslanНanН thО nОarОst shОlf, whОrО
МonМОntrations arО up to 10,000 nl/l (Shakirov
Оt al., 2012).
As a rОsult of long-tОrm obsОrvations (from
2001 to 2013), thО avОragО МhОmiМal
Мomposition of frОО gasОs of Sakhalin muН
volМanoОs was ОstablishОН Нuring passivО
pОrioНs anН shown in TablО 1.
ThО iНОa of a НООp gas sourМО in thО PugaМhОvsky anН Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky muН volМanoОs is in gooН agrООmОnt with thО opinion of
a numbОr of rОsОarМhОrs (VОsОlov Оt al., 2012;
Ershov Оt al., 2011) that muН volМanoОs arО
gОnОratОН in sОНimОntary strata at НОpths
about 7-8 km (МalМulatОН using isotopО gОothОrmomОtОrs), whОrО thОrmobariМ МonНitions
arО favorablО for thО formation of largО volumОs of gasОs.
ThОrО is an ОmpiriМal НОpОnНОnМО of mОthanО Мarbon isotopО Мomposition on tОmpОraturО anН its gОnОration (Prasolov, 1990). AММorНing to this НОpОnНОnМО thО avОragО valuО
of δ13С mОthanО of thО Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky
muН volМano МorrОsponНs to tОmpОraturО of
mОthanО gОnОsis of about 320-340°C. ThО avОragО gОothОrmal graНiОnt in thО southОrn part
of Sakhalin IslanН МalМulatОН aММorНing to
work of VОsОlov anН Soinov (1997), shows
about 41.1°C/km. ThОrОforО, wО bОliОvО that a
mОthanО sourМО НОpth for thО volМano is loМatОН bОtwООn 7.8 anН 8.3 km.
ExtОnt of isotopО Нivision of Мarbon in thО
CO2-CH4 systОm НОpОnНs on tОmpОraturО
МonНitions of gas gОnОration. ThО rangО of

Shakirov R.B., Оt al./ViОtnam Journal of Earth SМiОnМОs 40 (2018)

amount of sanН. ThО minОralogiМal stuНy of thО
samplОs iНОntifiОН two МlassОs of minОrals bОlonging to МarbonatОs or sulphiНОs. CarbonatОs
arО rОprОsОntОН by wОll-formОН Мrystals of
bОigО-brown anН rОН-brown Мolor whiМh МonstitutО 92-97% of thО hОavy fraМtion. ThО
МhОmiМal anН miМroprobО analytiМal rОsults
shown in, rОspОМtivОly, TablО 2 anН TablО 3,
suggОst thОir Мompositions МorrОsponНing to
thО magnОsian-fОrriМ variations of siНОritОsiНОroplОzitОs (SoroМhinskaya Оt al., 2008).

tОmpОraturО of isotopО balanМО in this systОm
МalМulatОН for avОragО valuОs δ13С-С 4 anН
δ13С-С 2 by formulas from work of Horita
(2001), is 330–350°C, МorrОsponНing to thО
rangО of gОnОration НОpths bОtwООn 8.0 anН
8.5 km.
4.2 Geochemical features of the mud breccias

CollОМtОН samplОs of rОМОnt muН volМano
brОММias from YSMV anН PMV wОrО Нark gray
liquiН silt-pОlitiМ sОНimОnt Мontaining a small

Table 2. ChОmiМal anН isotopiМ Мompositions of YSMV major natural gasОs
CH4, %

13.6  29.9

 

23.9 49

17.9  23.9



21.5 5

δ13СpНb-CH4, ‰
29.8  27.3

 

28.8 49

29.3  28.9



29.06 5

CO2, %

67.5  84.1

 

73 49

74  80.4



76.5 5

6.6  29.5

27.6  30.3

65.8  80.3

23.1 15

28.7 15

74.9 15

 

10.9  24.2

 

18.9 24

 

-

 

72.2  87

13

СpНb-С

2, ‰

6.3  4

 

е, ppm

H2, ppm

YОar of sampling

5.3 49

-

-

2009



-

-

2010

16.8  32.4

0.2  1.6

28.3 15

0.7 15

5.4  4.7
5.1 5

4.7  6.7

 

5.6 15

 

77.9 24

-

 

 

12  30.2

0.4  24.6

23.8 24

2.9 24

 

 

2011

2013

RОmark: In numОrator - minimum/maximum valuОs, in НОnominator – an avОragО, in () - thО numbОr of thО analysОН samplОs
Table 3. ChОmiМal Мomposition of major МomponОnts in authigОniМ МarbonatОs from YSMV anН PMV (in mass%)
ComponОnts
ObjОМt
SiO2 Al2O3 TiO2 FОO FО2O3 MnO CaO MgO K2O Na2O P2O5 H2O
*
YSMV
8.4
2.65 0.056 32.45 5.73
0.52 6.60 5.34 0.34 0.47

0.07 0.64 36.4
PMV
8.8
2.65 0.056 32.21 5.86
0.14 6.53 5.80 0.37 0.39
0.09 0.37 36.3
(*): loss on ignition

ThО maximal МontОnts of Mn (4.68%), Hg
(0.59%) anН Sr (0.25%) arО in МarbonatОs МollОМtОН in YSMV from an aМtivО gryphon
(samplО Yu-9 / 17.08). ThО isotopО Мomposition of Мarbon (δ13C) of authigОniМ МarbonatОs
from YSMV anН PMV variОs within narrow
limits, from -0.3 to -0.7 ‰ PDB, δ18O valuОs
varying from 2.6 to 4.4 ‰ PDB (TablО 4).
SamplОs from DGHS arО rОprОsОntОН by
pОlitО - alОuritО sОНimОnt of Нark gray Мolor
with up to 70% organiМ rОmains (spiМulОs of

spongОs, Нiatoms). ThО main authigОniМ minОral is framboiНal pyritО (up to 90% of thО
hОavy fraМtion) in thО form of nonmagnОtiМ
psОuНomorphs by organiМ rОsiНuОs anН Нark
gray globulОs. ThО main linОs on thО X-ray
НiffraМtion pattОrn of samplО D-1: 2.729 (10);
2.428 (7); 2.226 (5); 2.044 (2); 1.636 (6). SinglО Мrystals of rОН-brown siНОroplОzitОs arО
notОН, whiМh arО similar in Мomposition to
thosО prОviously НОsМribОН in thО samplОs
from YSMV anН PMV (TablО 4).
63

ViОtnam Journal of Earth SМiОnМОs, 40(1), 56-69
Table 4. Compositions of traМО ОlОmОnts in inНiviНual Мrystals in authigОniМ МarbonatОs НОtОrminОН by miМrosМopiМ
analysis
ElОmОntal МontОnt, wt.%
ObjОМt
SamplО
n
Ni
Cu
Zn
Sr
Ba
Hg
Yu-22(1)
0.77
nН
nН
0.19
0.16
0.14
0.49
Yu-22(2)
0.82
nН
0.13
0.1
nН
nН
nН
Yu-22(3)

0.43
0.09
0.09
0.03
0.17
nН
0.14
Yu-22(4)
0.93
0.16
0.16
0.1
0.08
0.08
nН
YSMV
Yu-22(5)
1.92
nН
0.09
0.06
0.11
0.11
nН
Yu-9/17.08(6)
0.59
0.15
0.13
0.11
0.21

nН
0.38
Yu-9/17.08(8)
0.41
0.13
0.19
nН
0.23
nН
nН
Yu-9/17.08(11)
4.68
0.1
0.02
nН
nН
nН
0.59
Yu-9/17.08(12)
1.55
nН
nН
nН
0.25
0.1
nН
P-06(13)
0.31
0.14
0.17

0.12
0.16
0.13
nН
PMV
P-06(14)
0.15
nН
nН
nН
0.17
nН
0.44
P-06(15)
0.18
nН
nН
nН
0.29
0.07
0.45
D1/1(16)
0.81
0.11
nН
0.03
0.13
0.05
nН.
D1/1(19)

0.72
nН
0.04
0.07
nН
0.11
nН
D1/1(21)
0.55
nН
0.11
0.09
0.13
nН
0.08
DGHS
D1/1(22)
0.54
nН
0.03
nН
0.24
0.2
nН
D1/1(23)
0.61
0.13
0.04
nН
0.12

nН
nН
D1/1(23)
0.63
nН
0.02
0.05
0.19
0.15
nН
RОmarks: Yu-22(1) - Yu-22(5) - inНiviНual Мrystals of siНОroplОzitОs sОlОМtОН from thО samplО
Yu-22; Yu-9/17.08(6) - Yu-9/17.08(12) - inНiviНual Мrystals of siНОroplОzitОs sОlОМtОН from thО samplО Yu-9/17.08;
P-06(13) - P-06(14) - Мrystals of siНОroplОzitОs sОlОМtОН from thО samplО P-06; D1/1(16) - D1/1(16) - Мrystals of siНОroplОzitОs sОlОМtОН from thО samplО D1/1; nН- not НОtОrminОН

Analysis of Нiatom flora in samplОs from
DGHS showОН thО prОvalОnМО of marinО anН
braМkish-watОr spОМiОs, among whiМh thО marinО plankton-bОnthiМ spОМiОs Paralia sulcata
(EhrОnbОrg) ClОvО, МharaМtОristiМ of shОlf watОrs, НominatОs (Diatoms ОiМ algaО of thО
USSR, 1974; HaslО anН SyvОrtsОn, 1996). A
signifiМant numbОr of frОshwatОr Нiatoms (up
to 32%) anН an aНmixturО (up to 5.5%) of marinО spОМiОs, ОxtinМt in thО NОogОnО, (Actinocyclus ingens Rattray, Ikebea tenuis (Brun)
Akiba, Cosmiodiscus insignis (Brun) Jousé,
Eupyxidicula zabelinae (Jousé) BlanМo &
WОtzОl
PyxiНiМula
zabОlinaО
(Jousé)
Makarova Оt MoissООva Оt al.), supposОНly introНuМОН from thО Мlay strata of thО Okobykai
anН Nutovsky NОogОnО formations Нistributing lowОr at a rОlativОly shallow НОpth
(GlaНОnkov (EНitor), 1998; LoboНОnko, 2010;

Zharov Оt al., 2013). This inНiМatОs thО ОxistОnМО of an aМtivО fluiН НynamiМ systОm, whiМh
Нrains oil anН gas bОaring МomplОxОs (TablО
64

5). ElОmОntal Мompositions of muН volМaniМ
brОММias from YSMV, PMV, anН DGHS.
ThО МhОmiМal Мompositions of thО muН
volМaniМ brОММias (TablО 5) wОrО normalizОН
to thОir avОragО МontОnts (ClarkО: C) in Мlays
anН shalОs (VinograНov, 1962; GrigoriОv,
2008). Most of thО ОlОmОntal МontОnts in thО
YSMV brОММia arО in thО rangО of 0.8-1.2 xC,
whiМh is МomparablО to thО Clark МontОnt (C)
of ОaМh ОlОmОnt. ElОvatОН МonМОntrations in
thО muН volМaniМ brОММia prОsОntОН by thО Na
(2.9-5.2 ×C), Li (1.5-2.0), Zn (1.4-1.9) anН Sn
(1.6-2.4), although thО МontОnts of Mn, Ca, Zr,
Mo, CН, Hf, U arО lowОr than thОir ClarkО
valuОs (<0.5 ×C).
A similar fОaturО is obsОrvОН in thО muН
volМaniМ brОММia from PMV that, thО МontОnt
of most ОlОmОnts is МlosО to thОir ClarkО МonМОntrations. ThО samplОs Мontain rathОr high
Na (2.9 ×C), Li (1.7 ×C), Zn (1.6 ×C), Sn
(1.9-4.3 ×C); whОrОas Mn, Ca, Zr, Mo, CН,
Hf, Ta anН U МonМОntrations arО lowОr than
thОir ClarkО valuОs (<0.5 ×C).


Shakirov R.B., Оt al./ViОtnam Journal of Earth SМiОnМОs 40 (2018)

Element

Table 5. ElОmОntal Мompositions of muН volМaniМ brОММia from YSMV, PMV, DGHS
YSMV
Yu-9
Yu-10
YuYu-9
Yu -10
17_08
17_08 22_01

N-k

PMV
А-1

Е-21

Е-22

Е-23

Е-24

DGHS

Е-25 P2/2-01 P-1-05 P-2-05 P-06

D-01

D-05 D-12-1 D-12-2 D-12-3 D-12-4

Weight.%
Ti
0.37 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.36 0.35 0.35
0.3 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.22 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.20 0.31
Al
8.72 8.64 8.62 7.92 8.72 8.45 8.27 8.51 8.41 8.62 8.59 8.58 8.58 8.30 8.15 8.29 6.05 6.63 6.48 6.13 5.14 6.49
Fe
3.58 3.09 3.84 2.77 3.78 3.56 3.78 3.92 3.95 3.44 3.80 3.85 3.72 3.75 4.60 3.60 1.08 1.11 2.00 2.19 1.75 1.89
Ca
0.51 0.39 0.54 0.50 0.82 0.54 0.63 0.58 0.68 0.55 0.63 0.70 0.46 0.68 0.63 0.50 0.52 0.55 0.74 0.66 0.51 0.65
Mg
1.01 0.95 1.03 1.20 1.03 1.01 1.06 1.04 1.05 0.99 1.05 1.04 0.91 0.89 0.95 0.88 0.38 0.47 0.45 0.47 0.43 0.57
K
2.49 2.49 2.42 2.41 2.47 2.44 2.37 2.43 2.40 2.48 2.44 2.44 2.43 2.38 2.33 2.40 2.51 2.32 2.33 2.29 2.42 2.32
Na
1.93 1.97 1.89 3.40 2.05 1.96 2.15 2.01 2.00 2.24 2.18 2.14 1.94 1.91 1.90 1.87 2.03 2.03 2.15 2.08 1.67 1.94
Mn
0.04 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01
P
0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01
g/t
Li
52.54 49.91 50.28 65.13 52.25 53.94 51.96 51.69 50.03 54.70 53.15 53.03 54.24 55.87 54.35 57.73 17.98 22.03 20.80 19.90 17.40 23.70
Be
1.72 1.70 1.59 1.48 1.52 1.68 1.71 1.61 1.68 1.69 1.66 1.52 1.67 1.75 1.84 1.80 1.11 1.27 1.26 1.19 0.93 1.30
Sc
16.50 15.00 17.20 12.70 17.30 16.20 16.90 17.40 18.90 16.40 17.20 17.00 15.40 15.30 17.50 15.00 6.70 8.20 6.65 6.27 4.82 7.39
V

98.60 96.00 97.10 93.70 99.80 96.80 95.20 101.60 102.90 97.70 98.50 97.50 86.30 83.90 86.10 83.10 30.10 37.60 47.90 47.10 34.30 56.00
Cr
47.33 46.78 45.34 43.18 46.28 45.97 44.83 45.53 46.00 46.08 45.60 64.26 46.72 46.04 46.23 46.00 30.76 41.70 36.80 36.10 28.50 46.60
Co
18.40 15.10 17.30 16.00 17.50 17.20 16.50 16.60 17.40 17.50 16.90 16.80 15.80 16.00 16.00 15.80 7.30 9.00 5.38 4.98 4.60 5.54
Ni
28.90 25.80 28.30 27.30 30.20 29.70 31.50 29.20 31.40 28.80 30.50 33.90 26.60 27.70 28.50 26.30 17.80 20.90 17.70 18.30 16.40 20.00
Cu
38.50 40.50 36.50 36.60 37.70 37.70 38.80 36.60 37.30 38.10 35.80 35.50 27.30 27.30 27.70 26.50 6.30 6.30 8.90 6.52 6.40 7.96
Zn
85.70 87.10 85.80 70.70 86.30 83.00 98.90 83.40 83.00 80.20 82.70 87.10 85.80 83.30 83.20 81.50 35.40 32.70 42.50 43.60 37.20 49.20
Ga
16.99 17.38 16.25 15.77 16.64 16.97 16.27 16.43 16.07 16.92 16.36 16.52 16.09 16.22 15.75 16.79 10.63 11.77 14.80 14.50 11.10 15.60
As
7.72 7.34 8.06 6.06 8.16 8.72 8.07 8.03 7.62 8.54 8.50 9.01 10.16 10.95 10.73 11.50 4.32 4.20 5.49 7.35 5.73 7.40
Rb
104.64 102.56 100.39 79.22 100.60 103.72 98.98 98.58 98.39 104.97 98.58 99.92 103.52 105.4 100.8 106.6 83.51 84.62 110.0 106.0 101.0 112.0
Sr
219.70 193.10 220.40 247.60 234.30 230.60 227.10 222.40 220.40 224.80 221.30 233.10 233.7 220.9 253.7
214 221.6 219.8 271.0 240.0 191.0 224.0
Y
19.00 18.10 18.90 10.70 20.20 19.20 19.10 20.00 20.30 18.70 19.10 18.80 19.1
18 19.9 18.5 11.4 13.2 12.00 12.50 9.95 13.80
Zr
93.83 90.06 91.06 86.70 91.86 123.48 88.17 90.52 90.67 90.67 91.02 87.13 78.07 71.07 77.65 81.65 42.79 52.03 66.70 67.70 45.10 74.40
Nb
8.08 7.99 7.62 7.50 7.67 7.95 7.67 7.57 7.56 7.82 7.63 7.53 8.55 8.51 8.47 8.86 5.40 6.40 7.98 8.15 6.01 8.98
Mo
0.38 0.39 0.42 0.33 0.45 0.36 0.42 0.70 0.51 0.57 0.39 0.50 0.43 0.49 0.69 0.40 0.71 1.03 1.11 1.47 1.22 1.78
Ag

0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.21 0.23 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19
Cd
0.13 0.17 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.16 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.29 0.35 0.25
Sn
7.45 6.42 8.41 6.39 5.67 7.01 6.69 6.88 7.23 6.57 7.51 6.31 15.00 7.77 6.69 6.68 0.01 0.25 1.70 1.61 1.28 1.89
Cs
8.00 7.37 7.70 7.48 7.77 8.05 7.19 7.57 7.51 8.08 7.58 7.61 7.29 7.47 7.21 7.56 4.19 4.47 6.27 5.68 5.03 6.84
Ba
446.70 455.50 449.40 537.50 454.50 457.00 466.90 444.40 438.10 499.80 451.00 458.30 510.90 512.80 515.00 482.90 659.90 568.50 543.10 508.90 521.20 497.00
La
20.90 20.88 20.20 9.62 20.88 20.13 19.80 19.96 19.43 19.75 18.99 19.05 19.58 19.49 18.95 20.13 16.03 17.57 22.80 26.40 19.70 28.60

Ce
Pr
Nd
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Hf
Ta
W
Pb
Th

U

 

47.94 47.53 46.74 23.96 48.10 47.02 45.35 47.05 45.69 46.0 44.89 44.5 45.45 46.28 45.75 47.17 34.00 37.79 48.30 55.60 42.0 59.90
5.27 5.13 5.10 2.93 5.27 4.97 5.06 5.15 4.93 5.06 4.84 4.97 5.05 5.25 4.99 5.27 3.85 4.33 5.57 6.26 4.75 6.89
19.70 19.85 20.07 11.78 20.19 19.74 19.04 19.98 19.62 19.21 18.96 19.33 20.02 20.88 20.45 20.77 14.79 16.97 20.10 22.60 17.60 24.90
3.90 3.83 3.85 2.47 3.84 3.70 3.68 3.93 3.98 3.74 3.74 3.72 3.89 4.13 3.93 4.10 2.66 2.93 3.84 4.43 3293 4.77
0.80 0.73 0.80 0.50 0.81 0.81 0.79 0.82 0.81 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.83 0.83 0.81 0.84 0.63 0.69 0.91 0.92 0.72 0.96
3.86 3.65 3.79 2.43 3.99 3.70 3.74 3.92 3.88 3.73 3.63 3.72 4.08 4.03 3.92 4.11 2.54 2.96 3.68 4.10 3.19 4.43
0.50 0.50 0.54 0.34 0.54 0.52 0.51
0.5 0.54 0.51 0.50 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.55 0.55 0.33 0.40 0.50 0.54 0.43 0.59
2.97 2.96
3.0 1.95 3.19 3.02 3.08 3.07 2.96 2.90 3.03 3.08 2.99 2.95 3.07 3.11 1.85 2.07 2.68 2.84 2.26 3.15
0.58 0.55 0.57 0.38 0.61 0.60 0.59 0.61 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.58 0.54 0.56 0.60 0.57 0.35 0.41 0.53 0.57 0.44 0.61
1.76 1.79 1.90 1.18 1.91 2.03 1.77 1.76 1.83 1.80 1.82 1.75 1.68 1.66 1.70 1.65 1.06 1.18 1.56 1.60 1.28 1.77
0.25 0.26 0.26 0.16
0.2 0.24 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.23 0.25 0.14 0.15 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.26
2.55 2.53 2.61 1.95 2.68 2.54 2.51 2.66 2.76 2.51 2.63
2.5 2.51 2.33 2.65 2.34 1.29
1.4 1.51 1.53 1.23 1.68
0.28 0.27 0.25 0.17 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.25 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.15 0.15 0.23 0.22 0.18 0.24
2.70 2.71 2.81 2.48 2.79 2.73 2.63 2.74 2.64 2.63 2.57 2.63 2.35 2.29 2.36 2.44 1.40 1.50 1.81 2.06 1.47 2.09
0.53 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.52 0.50 0.52 0.51 0.48 0.59 0.58 0.59 0.62 0.32 0.41 0.65 0.68 0.50 0.85
2.32 1.98
2.2 1.96 2.26 2.55 1.72 2.27 2.19 2.53 2.28 2.36 3.23 3.60 3.50 3.57 0.97 1.25 1.38 1.45 0.98 1.69
16.06 16.46 15.84 13.77 16.63 17.01 17.05 15.86 15.91 16.19 18.49 16.57 15.75 17.14 17.00 16.56 10.24 9.44 20.70 19.60 18.40 19.00
9.62 9.83 9.47 7.31 9.62 9.51 9.37 9.46 9.15 9.41 9.26 9.22 9.79 9.64 9.60 9.99 5.10 6.05 7.99 9.29 6.27 11.00
1.86 2.04 1.78 1.55 1.88 1.78 1.81 1.81 1.79 1.86 1.79 1.85 1.92 1.82 1.87 1.91 1.24 1.44 1.98 2.08 1.60 2.49

 REE 111.2 110.4 109.7
LaN/YbN
5.53 5.56 5.22
GdN/YbN 1.22 1.16 1.17
Eu/Eu*
0.62 0.59 0.64
Ce/Ce*
1.07 1.08 1.08
LnL/LnH
4.45 4.43 4.24

59.8 112.5 109.3 106.4 110.0 107.5 107.1 104.9 105.1 107.7 109.4 107.8 111.1

79.7

89.0 112.4 127.8

3.33
0.74
0.62
1.08
3.29

8.38
1.59
0.73
1.01
6.15

8.46 10.18 11.63 10.80 11.48

1.71 1.97 2.16 2.09 2.13
0.71 0.73 0.65 0.67 0.63
1.01 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.00
6.31 6.44 7.24 6.84 7.17

5.25
1.01
0.63
1.08
4.27

5.34
1.18
0.66
1.10
4.15

5.32
1.20
0.65
1.06
4.29

5.06
1.19
0.64
1.09
4.27

4.75

1.13
0.62
1.10
4.06

5.31
1.20
0.64
1.08
4.28

ElОmОntal МonМОntrations in oozО samplОs
МollОМtОН from thО Daginsky gasgОothОrmal
fiОlН arО muМh lowОr than in thО samplОs from
YSMV anН PMV. ThО ratios bОtwООn thО bulk

4.87
1.11
0.65
1.10
4.04

5.02
1.11
0.64
1.08
4.25

5.26
1.31

0.64
1.08
4.47

5.64
1.40
0.62
1.08
4.84

4.82
1.19
0.62
1.11
4.33

5.80
1.42
0.62
1.08
4.84

97.5 138.7

 
major to minor ОlОmОntal МonМОntrations arО
about CsamplО/ClarkО<0.6; whilО thО МonМОntration ratios in DGHS oozОsamplОs arО highОrthan thОir ClarkО МontОnts, О.g., CН= 2.2-3.4
65

ViОtnam Journal of Earth SМiОnМОs, 40(1), 56-69

×C) anН Pb= 0.7-1.5 ×C. ThО МonМОntrations
of othОr ОlОmОnts suМh as Cr, Zn, Sr, Ag anН
Ba arО МomparablО with thОir Clark МonМОntrations of about 0.7-1.3 ×C. ThО inМrОasО in thО
МontОnt of CН anН Pb in thО sОНimОnt is obviously assoМiatОН with thО proМОssОs oММurring
at thО rivОr-sОa gОoМhОmiМal barriОr, whОrО thО
prОМipitation of suspОnНОН anН НissolvОН
forms of mОtals inМrОasОs sharply (OrОshkin
anН GorНООv, 1983). Also, thО human ОМonomiМ aМtivity Мan also inМrОasО thО МonМОntration of thОsО mОtals in thО sОНimОnt.
A Мomparison was maНО of thО aМtivity of
inНiviНual gryphons in thОir passivО anН aМtivО
phasОs. It was founН that with an aМtivО
gryphon, thО output volumО of spontanОous
gasОs inМrОasОs sharply (from 0.5 to 7l/min),
anН thО tОmpОraturО of thО watОr-muН mixturО
inМrОasОs (from +10ºC to +16ºC) (Astakhov Оt
al., 2001). ThО МontОnt of a numbОr of МhОmiМal ОlОmОnts in muН brОММias also МhangОs
(Astakhov Оt al., 2001; SoroМhinskaya Оt al.,
2008). During thО aМtivation of thО Yu-9 anН
Yu-10 gryphons (samplОs Yu-9 / 17.08 anН
Yu-10 / 17.08), thО МontОnts of many ОlОmОnts
suМh as FО, Na, Mg, Mn, SМ, Rb, As, V, Cr,
Co, Ni, Zn, Zr, Y, Sn, Cs, W, Pb arО НОМrОasОН, whilО thО МontОnts of Ba, Li, Na arО
inМrОasОН. A morО Мontrasting fОaturО is obsОrvОН for thО Yu-10 gryphon (FigurО 5). AМtivation of gryphons is aММompaniОН by a НОМrОasО in thО МontОnt of REE, in thО samplО
Yu-9/17.08, for ОxamplО, from 111.25 g/t НОМrОasing to 110.45 g/t, anН in thО samplО Yu10/17.08, thО МontОnt bОing from 109.71 g/t
НОМrОasing to 59.83 g/t (FigurО 6). ThО most
signifiМant НОМrОasО is obsОrvОН in thО МontОnt
of light lanthaniНОs (La anН CО), whОrО thО
ratio of LREE/HREE for gryphon Yu-10 Нuring thО aМtivation is rОНuМОН from 4.89 to

3.91. ThО Оuropium anomaly (Eu/Eu*) in thО
brОММia is also rОНuМОН whОn thО gryphon is
aМtivatОН, for ОxamplО, for Yu-9 gryphon from
0.62 to 0.59, for Yu-10 gryphon from 0.64 to
0.62.
66

Figure 5. ChangОs in МhОmiМal Мompositions of muН
volМaniМ brОММia in aМtivО anН passivО ОruptivО muН; I,
II- FО/Al, Ca/Al, Mn/Al, Ba/Al in samplОs sОlОМtОН from
passivО gryphons Yu-9 anН Yu-10 rОspОМtivОly, I_A,
II_A - FО/Al, Ca/Al, Mn/Al, Ba/Al in samplОs sОlОМtОН
with aМtivation of gryphons (samplОs Yu-9/17.08 anН
Yu-10/17.08)

SinМО YSMV rОfОrs to thО МarboniМmОthanО-typО muН volМanoОs, unНОr aМtivation, thО ratО of CO2, CH4 anН N2 inМrОasОs
sharply (Shakirov, 2016). This promotОs thО
formation anН migration of solublО hyНroМarbonatО МomplОxОs of many ОlОmОnts, in partiМular iron, МalМium, manganОsО anН REE,
ОtМ. This is assoМiatОН with a НОМrОasО in thО
МontОnt of thОsО Мations in thО muН volМaniМ
brОММia Нuring thО aМtivation of a gryphon.
But an inМrОasО in thО МontОnts of a numbОr of
ОlОmОnts suМh as Na, Li, Ba, Hg, B, МharaМtОrizОН by thО muН brОММia, is assoМiatОН with
ОnНogОnous supply along with thО НООp hyНroМarbon gasОs (AliyОv Оt al., 2009; Shnyukov Оt al., 1992; Yakubov Оt al., 1980).


Shakirov R.B., Оt al./ViОtnam Journal of Earth SМiОnМОs 40 (2018)

Figure 6. RarО Оarth ОlОmОnt МhonНritО normalizОН
of samplОs МollОМtОН at aМtivО anН passivО gryphons

of YSMV

5. Conclusions
ThО МhОmiМal anН isotopО Мompositions of
frОО gasОs, anН thО МhОmiМal Мomposition of
thО muН brОММia inМluНing МomplОx of authigОniМ minОrals, inНiМatО thО gОnОtiМ rОlationship of thО Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky anН PugaМhОvsky muН volМanoОs. YSMV anН PMV arО
loМatОН in thО fiОlН of thО sОНimОntary sОquОnМО (Bykovskaya suitО), anН arО МonfinОН
to onО tОМtoniМ struМturО (CОntral-Sakhalin
НООp fault) anН arО of thО МarboniМ-mОthanОtypО muН volМanoОs. ThО Мarbon isotopО Мomposition of Мarbon НioxiНО (δ13С= -2.8 to 2.7‰ PDB) anН mОthanО (δ13С= -27.1‰

PDB) inНiМatОs thО formation of thОsО gasОs as
a rОsult of НООp thОrmogОniМ transformation of
organiМ mattОr. ThО МontОnts of thО most
МhОmiМal ОlОmОnts in thО muН brОММia of
YSMV anН PMV arО МomparablО to thО
ClarkО МontОnts of thОsО ОlОmОnts (0.8-1.2
×C). For Na, Li, Zn, Sn, thО CsamplО/ClarkО ratio variОs from 1.4 to 5.2 ×C. ElОvatОН МontОnts of Na anН Li arО НuО to thО asМОnНing
ОnНogОnous fluiН.
ThО stuНy of thО МhОmiМal Мomposition of
thО muН brОММia Нuring thО МhangО in thО ОxplosivО aМtivity of YSMV unНОr thО sОismiМ
aМtivity allowОН to Мlarify: whОn thО gryphons
arО unНОr aМtivation against thО baМkgrounН of
an inМrОasО in thО tОmpОraturО of thО watОr
muН mixturО anН thО volumОs of spontanОous
gasОs, thО МontОnt of a numbОr of ОlОmОnts
(iron, МalМium, manganОsО, rarО Оarths, ОtМ.) is
НОМrОasОН. This is ОxplainОН by thО formation
of solublО hyНroМarbonatО МomplОxОs. WhОn
ОxМОss CO2 is rОmovОН, thО abovО Мations arО
prОМipitatОН from thО solution in thО form of

iron - siНОroplОzitО МarbonatОs. ThО rОsulting
МarbonatОs arО ОnriМhОН with traМО ОlОmОnts,
whiМh saturatО thО assoМiatОН watОr Нuring thО
aМtivation pОrioН anН inhОrit thО Мarbon isotopО Мomposition of Мarbon НioxiНО.
For thО Daginsky gОothОrmal systОm, thО
main МomponОnt of thО spontanОous gas is
mОthanО having an isotopiМ Мomposition of
δ13С from -58.8 to -57.0 ‰ PDB. This mОthanО rОsultОН from thО mixturО: a rОsult of
anaОrobiМ НОМomposition of organiМ mattОr
(thОrmogОniМ) anН involving mОthanО-forming
baМtОria (miМrobial). In suМh physiМoМhОmiМal
МonНitions, thО fОrrous iron is bounН to sulfiНОs, anН thО main authigОniМ minОral on thО
DGHS is pyritО. OozО samplОs from DGHS
arО НОplОtОН with traМО ОlОmОnts МomparОН to
samplОs from YSMV anН PMV, anН CsamplО/ClarkО valuОs for thО majority of thО ОlОmОnts arО 0.6 ×C. In DGHS oozО samplОs, only CН (2.2-3.4 ×C) anН Pb (0.7-1.5 ×C) arО
highОr than thО ClarkО МontОnt.
67


ViОtnam Journal of Earth SМiОnМОs, 40(1), 56-69

DООp shОars arО thО supply МhannОls for
both fluiНs from sОНimОntary basins (hyНroМarbons) anН magmatiМ roМk fluiНs (hОlium,
hyНrogОn, Мarbon НioxiНО). ThО muН volМaniМ
gas Оmission from sОНimОntary basins is ОnhanМОН Нuring sОismiМ aМtivity. ThО prОsОnМО
of aМtivО muН volМanoОs anН minОral springs
provОs thО aМtivity of НООp faults, through
whiМh НООp fluiНs migratО. ThО faМtors НОtОrmining thО 'wОighting' of thО mОthanО Мarbon
isotopО Мomposition in southОrn Sakhalin arО
probably thО inМrОasОН sОismiМ aМtivity of

НООp-sОatОН faults, as wОll as thО prОsОnМО of
intrusions anН hyНrothОrmally altОrОН roМks.
Yuzno-Sakhalinsky anН PugaМhОvsky muН
volМanoОs arО sharply variОН from thО DaginskiО gas-gОothОrnal springs. This НiffОrОnМО is
rОlatОН to thО gasgОoМhОmiМal zoning of thО
Sakhalin IslanН: muН volМanoОs arО loМatОН in
thО ‘Мarbon НioxiНО-mОthanО zonО’, whilО
DaginskiО gas-gОothОrmal springs loМatОН in
thО ‘mОthanО zonО’.
ThО samО rОsОarМh pattОrn may bО proposОН to gОothОrmal springs in ViОt Nam
along thО RОН RivОr НООp sОatОН faults anН
gОothОrmal-muН manifОstations in thО CОntral
ViОtnam.
Acknowledgements
Support by thО Grant of thО PrОsiНОnt of
thО Russian FОНОration for young sМiОntists
MK-2286.2017.5 anН thО RFBR grant No. 1805-00153 A is gratОfully aМknowlОНgОН.ThО
work was МonНuМtОН unНОr partial finanМial
support of thО Far East Program FEB RASVAST (VAST 18-006) anН thО ViОtnam
AМaНОmy of SМiОnМО anН TОМhnology
VAST06.04/17-18.
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