wind energy nguyen hoang viet final 18102
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Wind Energy
Nguyen Hoang Viet
Lab. Nano-Particulate Material Processing
University of Ulsan
1
Ancient Resource Meets 21st
Century
2
Wind Turbines
Power for a House or City
3
Wind Energy Outline
History and Context
Advantages
Design
Siting
Disadvantages
Economics
Future
4
History and Context
5
Wind Energy History
1 A.D.
~ 400 A.D.
Thomas Edison commissions first commercial electric generating stations
in NYC and London
1900
Multiblade turbines for water pumping made and marketed in U.S.
1882
Golden era of windmills in western Europe – 50,000
9,000 in Holland; 10,000 in England; 18,000 in Germany
1850’s
Wind driven Buddhist prayer wheels
1200 to 1850
Hero of Alexandria uses a wind machine to power an organ
Competition from alternative energy sources reduces windmill population
to fewer than 10,000
1850 – 1930
Heyday of the small multiblade turbines in the US midwast
As many as 6,000,000 units installed
1936+
US Rural Electrification Administration extends the grid to most formerly
isolated rural sites
Grid electricity rapidly displaces multiblade turbine uses
6
Worldwide Growth in Wind Energy
MW
70,000
60,000
50,000
Rest of the World
40,000
India
Denmark
30,000
USA
Spain
20,000
Germany
10,000
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
7
8
Fastest
Growing
Energy
Wind Energy is the Fastest Growing Energy
Source inSource
the World!! in the World
This is strange because…
Global Growth by Energy Source, Annual Average,1990-98
30
Wind
Solar PV
Geothermal
Nat. Gas
Hydro
Oil
25
25.7
20
15
16.8
10
5
Coal
3
2.1
1.6
1.4
1.2
Nuclear
0.6
Source: REPP,
Worldwatch 1998/99
0
9
10
Manufacturing Market Share
Source: American Wind Energy Association
11
US Wind Energy Capacity
12
Installed Wind Turbines
13
Colorado Wind Energy Projects
14
New Projects in Colorado
15
Ponnequin – 30 MW
•Operate with wind speeds
between 7-55 mph
•Originally part of voluntary wind
signup program
•Total of 44 turbines
•In 2001, 15 turbines added ~1
MW serves ~300 customers ~1
million dollars each
•750 KW of electricity each
turbine
•Construction began Dec ‘98
•Date online – total June 1999
•Hub height – 181 ft
•Blade diameter – 159 ft
•Land used for buffalo grazing
16
Wind Power Advantages
17
Advantages of Wind Power
Wind power is a renewable resource, which means using it will not
deplete the earth's supply of fossil fuels. It also is a clean energy
source, and produces no carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide,
particulates, or any other type of air pollution, as do conventional
fossil fuel power sources.
Because it removes energy directly from the atmosphere, wind
power is direct mitigation of global warming.
Economic Development
Fuel Diversity & Conservation
Cost Stability
The energy consumption for production, installation, operation and
decommission of a wind turbine is usually earned back within 3
months of operation.
Different from fossil or nuclear power stations with a huge demand
for cooling water, wind turbines do not need water to generate
electricity
18
Pollution from Electric Power
Sulfur Dioxide
70%
Carbon Dioxide
34%
Nitrous Oxides
33%
Particulate Matter
28%
Toxic Heavy Metals
23%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Percentage of U.S. Emissions
Source: Northwest Foundation,
12/97
Electric power is a primary source of industrial air pollution
19
Economic Development Benefits
Expanding Wind Power development brings jobs
to rural communities
Increased tax revenue
Purchase of goods & services
20
Economic Development Example
Case Study: Lake Benton,
MN
$2,000 per 750-kW turbine in
revenue to farmers
Up to 150 construction, 28
ongoing O&M jobs
Added $700,000 to local tax
base
21
Fuel Diversity Benefits
Domestic energy source
Inexhaustible supply
Small, dispersed design
reduces supply risk
22
Cost Stability Benefits
Flat-rate pricing
hedge against fuel price volatility risk
Wind electricity is inflation-proof
23
Wind Power Design
24
Types of wind machines
Fan Mill Horizontal Axis
Darrieus Vertical Axis
25
