Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 0437 0437
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I. Conditions arising from head trauma or primary central nervous system
disease
A. Trauma
1. Intracranial hematoma (subdural, epidural, subarachnoid)
2. Cerebral contusion
3. Diffuse cerebral edema
4. Concussion
B. Seizures
1. Status epilepticus (convulsive, nonconvulsive)
2. Postictal state
C. Infection
1. Meningitis
2. Encephalitis
3. Focal infections (brain abscess, subdural empyema, epidural abscess)
D. Neoplasms
1. Tumor (edema, hemorrhage, blockage of CSF flow)
E. Vascular disease
1. Cerebral infarct (thrombotic, hemorrhagic, embolic)
2. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis
3. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
4. Vascular malformation/aneurysm
F. Hydrocephalus
1. Obstructive (from tumor or other cause)
2. Cerebrospinal fluid shunt malfunction
II. Conditions affecting the brain diffusely
A. Vital sign abnormalities
1. Hypotension, hypertension
2. Hypothermia, hyperthermia
B. Hypoxia
1. Pulmonary disease
2. Severe anemia
3. Methemoglobinemia
4. Carbon monoxide
5. Posthypoxic encephalopathy
C. Intoxications
1. Sedative drugs: antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, ethanol,
gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and analogs, narcotics, phenothiazines,
clonidine
2. Tricyclic and other antidepressants
3. Antipsychotics (i.e., risperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine)
