Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 1175

by vascular insufficiency, 223 –224
Acquired syphilis, 442
Acrodermatitis enteropathica, 463
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint, 283
injuries, 1177
and clavicle fractures, 1177 –1181
clinical assessment, 1179 –1180
clinical recognition, 1178 –1179
disposition, 1181
management, 1180 –1181
Rockwood classification of, 1179 t
treatment goals, 1177 –1178
Acropustulosis of infancy, 445
Activated charcoal, 1036 , 1036 t, 1040 , 1047
Acute ataxia, 896
Acute bacterial adenitis, 308
Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABR), 1322
Acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE), 294
Acute brachial plexus injuries, 286
Acute cerebellitis, 107 –108
Acute cervical adenopathy, 307
Acute concussion evaluation (ACE) tools, 1258
Acute contact dermatitis, 440
Acute diplopia, causes of, 189 t
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), 107 , 120 , 892
Acute dystonia, 897
Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), 250 , 558
Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), 250 –251
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE), 554
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), 454
Acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS), 610 –611 , 611 t, 612 f

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy, 463 –464
Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, 893
Acute hydrocephalus. See Hydrocephalus, acute
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy (AIDP), 558
Acute intermittent porphyria, 558
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), 984


Acute intestinal obstruction. See Intestinal obstruction, acute
Acute life-threatening events (ALTE), 102 , 103 t
Acute liver failure, 292 , 737 –739
Acute lymphadenitis, 318 , 1349 , 1349 f
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 306
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), 350 , 1315 –1316
Acute otitis externa, 338
Acute otitis media (AOM), 390 –392 , 1319
antibiotic-resistant organisms, 1321
antibiotic treatment of, 391 –392 , 392 t
clinical assessment, 1320
clinical recognition, 1320
complications of, 392
evidences, 1319 –1320
external meatus, 1320 f
facial nerve paralysis, 1322
management, 1321 –1322
right tympanic membrane, 1321 f
treatment goals, 1319
treatment of, 1319 , 1321 t
triage considerations, 1320
tympanic membrane, 1320

tympanostomy tube placement, 392
Acute pericarditis, 613 –614
Acute polyneuritis, 894 –895
Acute postinfectious cerebellar ataxia (APCA), 107 , 896
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), 982 –983
Acute radiation syndrome, 702 t
Acute respiratory failure, 936 –940 , 937 t–939 t
Acute rheumatic fever, 302 , 426 , 528 , 614
Acute salt wasting crisis, 665
Acute spinal cord compression, 894
Acute vesiculobullous diseases, 446 t
Acute viral hepatitis
clinical recognition, 740 –741
emergency therapy, goals of, 740
hepatitis B virus (HBV), 742


initial assessment, 740
management/diagnostic testing, 741 –742 , 741 f
triage, 740
Acute viral myositis, 558
Acyclovir, 81 t
Addison disease, 352 , 465 , 570
Addisonian crisis, 653
Adenosine, 55 t
Adenovirus, 307 , 572
Adjunctive agents, for intubation, 40
Adjustable pressure-limiting (APL) valve, 50
Adjustment disorder, 97
Adnexal torsion, 757 –758

Adolescent psychosis, acute, management guidelines, 1444 t
Adrenal insufficiency, 653 , 662 , 664 , 667
Adrenoleukodystrophy, 121
Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocols, 1276
Afebrile child, 516 –517
Afferent pupillary defect (APD). See Marcus Gunn pupil
African trypanosomiasis, 846
Aganglionic megacolon, 1304 –1305
Aggression/agitation, in childhood, 94 –100
adjustment disorder and, 97
anxiety disorders and, 97
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and, 97
autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and, 97 –98
conduct disorder and, 97
delirium and, 94 , 96 t
depression and, 95 –96
developmental disabilities and, 97 –98
differential diagnosis, 95 t
differentiating medical from psychiatric illness, 95 t
medical conditions, 94
psychiatric conditions, 94 –98
evaluation and decision
disposition, 99 –100 , 100 f
general approach/initial stabilization, 98


history of present illness (HPI), 98
medical conditions, 98 , 98 t
mental status examination (MSE), 98 –99
nature of affect, 99

psychiatric, 98 –99
suicidal or homicidal ideation and intent, presence or absence of, 99
of support systems, 99
thought content, 99
intermittent explosive disorder and, 97
manic/mixed episodes and, 96 –97 , 97 t
oppositional defiant disorder and, 97
psychotic disorders and, 94 –95
toxicologic ingestion/withdrawal leading to, 94 , 96 t
trauma and, 97
Agitated or violent behavior
assessing and predicting, 1431 t
calming techniques, 1431 t
clinical recognition, 1430
disposition, 1433 –1434
emergency medications, 1433 t
initial assessment, 1431
medical and physical strategies, 1432 –1433
rapid tranquilization, 1432
treatment goals for, 1430 –1434
triage, 1430 –1431
verbal de-escalation techniques, 1431 –1432 , 1431 t
Air trapping, 487
Airway, breathing, circulation, and disability (ABCDs) assessment, 44 ,
1030 , 1032
Airway(s)
alternative modalities, 34 –36
high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) devices, 35 , 35 t
noninvasive ventilation, 35 –36
anatomic/physiologic differences in infant/child and adult, 479 t

compromise, 1405 –1407 , 1405 t
emergency therapy, goals of, 34