Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 1181

acute heart failure syndromes, 610 –611
Cardiac injury, in blunt thoracic trauma, 1279
Cardiac pain, 366
Cardiac rupture, 1279
Cardiac tamponade, 614
Cardiac trauma, 615 –616
Cardiogenic shock
characteristic signs of, 75
history and physical examination findings, 76
POCUS findings, 76
source control in, 81
volume deficit in, 75
Cardiomyopathies, 612 –613
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 105 , 207 . See also Newly born
infant resuscitation
ABCD assessment, 44
after in-hospital arrest (IHA), 46
airway evaluation, 48
bystander, 46
cerebral resuscitation, 68 –69
clinical manifestations, 46
discontinuation of life support in children, 68
emergency therapy, goals of, 43
ethical issues in, 69
extracorporeal CPR (E-CPR), 62
goal of, 43
incidence, 43
intraosseous (IO) route, 44
management, 48
airway positioning, 48 , 48 f
arrhythmia, 45

artificial airways, 48 , 48 f–49 f
breathing, 49 –50 , 50 f
circulation, 50 –51 , 51 f
defibrillation and cardioversion, 57 –58
drugs of, 54 –57
fluid resuscitation, 57


newly born infant resuscitation, 62
overview, 44 –45
patient characteristics
age, 43
demographics, 44
etiology, 44
prognosis, 46 , 46 t
quality improvement, 69
scenarios
bradycardia, 58
pulseless electrical activity, 58 –59
tachycardias, 59 –62
sequence, 46 , 47 f
teamwork, 68
vascular access, 44
Cardiovascular dysfunction, definition, 77 t
Cardioversion, 57 –58
Care pathways, 4
Carpal fractures, 1151
Carpometacarpal joint dislocation, 1150
Car seat dermatitis, 434
Castlemans syndrome, 909

Cataplexy, 520
Catecholamine-resistant shock, 84
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), 523
Catharsis, 1036
Cathinones, 1079 –1080
Catscratch disease (Bartonella henselae) , 253 , 309 , 312 , 321
Cat’s urine syndrome, 337
Caustic injuries, 1118
Caustics, 1058 –1061
Cavernous malformations (CMs), 1383
Cefepime, 81 t
Ceftriaxone, 81 t
Celiac axis neuroblastoma, 1308 f
Celiac disease, 89 , 130 , 743 –744 , 1317
Cellulitis, 440


Centers for Disease Control (CDC) tool, 1258
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), 1432
Central anticholinergic syndrome, 1076 –1077 , 1077 t
Central nervous system (CNS) disease, 459
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors, 907 –909 , 908 t
clinical assessment, 908
clinical recognition, 907 –908
evidences, 907
management, 908 –909
Central venous access, 54
Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2 ), monitoring of, 80 , 82 –83
Cephalosporins, 452
Cephalosporins, acute otitis media, 1321

Cerebral aneurysm, 1382 –1383
Cerebral contusion, 269
Cerebral edema, 121 , 270 , 657 –658 , 699 , 1254 , 1256 –1257 , 1387
Cerebral hematoma, 1254
Cerebral hemorrhage, 556
Cerebral infarctions, 120 , 556
Cerebral resuscitation, 68 –69
Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, 120
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, 191
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 399 , 888 , 892
abnormalities of, 125
diagnosis of meningitis, 495
infection, 125
otorrhea/rhinorrhea, 1115 , 1255
pleocytosis, 125
shunts, 120
xanthochromic, 125
Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), 556
Cervical adenitis, 1327
clinical recognition, 1327
diagnostic testing, 1327 –1328
discharge/admission, clinical indications, 1328
evidences, 1327
initial assessment, 1327


management, 1327 –1328
treatment goals, 1327
triage considerations, 1327
Cervical compression injuries, 1245 f

Cervical lymphadenitis, 307 , 309 , 311 f, 321 , 328
Cervical lymphadenopathy, 317 , 321 –322
Cervical spine
anatomy, 307
epidural hematomas of, 325
fractures, 324
injuries, 286
traumatic subluxations of, 324 –325
Cervical spine trauma
backboard, effects of, 1233 f
clinical algorithm, 1235 f
clinical assessment, 1232
clinical recognition, 1232
evidences, 1229 –1232
Gardner–Wells tongs, 1239 f
immobilization, 1230 f
lateral cervical spine radiographs, 1237 f
lordosis, contour lines of alignment with, 1235 f
management, 1232 –1239
manual immobilization, 1233 f
posterior cervical line of Swischuk and, 1236 f
prevertebral (retropharyngeal) soft tissues, inspiration/positioning on,
1238 f
radiographic characteristics, 1237 t
radiographic evaluation, 1234 f
signs and symptoms, 1232 t
treatment, goals of, 1229
triage considerations, 1232
Cervical vertebral osteomyelitis, 328
Cervicitis, 384 t, 545 , 754 –755

cervical infections, 754
clinical recognition, 754 –755
etiology, 754