Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 1183

from CNS infections, 119
common causes of, 118 t
from CSF shunts, 120
definition, 117
differential diagnosis, 117 , 119
primary central nervous system disorders, 119 –120
systemic abnormalities, 120 –121
etiology of acute-onset, 118 t
evaluation and decision, 121 –126 , 122 f
abnormal breathing patterns, 123
of airway, breathing, and circulatory, 123 –124
airway, breathing, and circulatory, treatment of, 123 –124
blood gas analysis, 125
CSF analysis, 125
errors in, 126 t
fever, 125
focal neurologic deficits, 125
head trauma, history of, 124
history and physical examination, 121 –123
increased ICP, 124 –125
laboratory and radiologic studies, 123
limb movement and postural changes, 123
metabolic abnormalities, 125 –126
neurologic examination and scoring, 123
ocular signs, 123
renal and hepatic functions, 126
seizures, history of, 124
toxic ingestions, history of, 124 –125
vital sign abnormalities, 123 –124
hypertension in, 124
hypoxic, 120

life-threatening causes of, 118 t
metabolic alterations and, 121
pathophysiology, 117
from seizure activity, 119
thermoregulation disorders and, 120
from toxic ingestions, 120 –121


from trauma, 119
of unknown origin, 126
Commotio retinae, 190
Community Acquired Pneumonia Clinical Pathway, 1414
Compartment syndrome, 1377 –1378
clinical assessment/initial H&P, 1378
clinical recognition, 1378
evidences, 1377 –1378
“five Ps,” 1378
management/diagnostic testing, 1378
Compensated shock, 73
Complete cord transection, 1249
Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1), 1378 –1379 , 1379 f
clinical recognition, 1379
evidences, 1378
initial assessment/H&P, 1379
management, 1379
Compression fractures, 1210 –1211 , 1210 f
Concussion, 119 , 269 , 1258 –1259
clinical recognition, 1258
diagnostic imaging, 1258 –1259
evidences, 1258

management, 1259
Conduct disorder, 97
Conduction disturbances, 520
Conductive hearing loss, 222
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), 344 , 552 , 568 , 665 –667
Congenital anatomic defects of neck, 317
Congenital candidiasis, 458
Congenital corectopia, 186
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), 68 , 1420
Congenital heart diseases (CHD), 501 , 588 –600
clinical recognition, 589
ductal dependent lesions, 595
ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow, 595
ductal dependent systemic blood flow, 595
evidence, 589


genetic conditions and, 596 t
initial diagnosis, 690 t–694 t
repairs, 597 t–598 t
shunt lesions, 595 –600
treatment, goals of, 588
Congenital Horner syndrome, 185
Congenital hypothyroidism, 559 , 678
Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), 1415 , 1417 , 1417 f
Congenital lobar hyperinflation (CLH), 1417
Congenital lymphedema, 162
Congenital melanocytic nevus, 466 , 466 f
Congenital muscular torticollis, 329 –330
Congenital neutropenia, 787

Congenital oral lesions, 347
Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs), 1411 , 1415 ,
1416 f
Congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, 1418
Congenital sensorineural hearing loss, 222
Congenital syphilis, 501
Congenital TORCHS infections, 292
Congenital vaginal obstruction, 764
Congestive heart failure (CHF), 482 , 501 t
Conjugated bilirubin, 289
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
approach to patient, 290 f
causes, 289 , 290 t
life-threatening, 292 –293
definition, 289
etiologies, 289
evaluation of
initial function tests, 291
neonate, 291
older child, 291 –292
history and physical examination, 291
total serum bilirubin (TSB) in, 294
Conjugated pneumococcal vaccinations, 327
Conjunctival injury, 1270


clinical recognition, 1270
evidences, 1270
fluorescein-staining corneal defect, 1270
management, 1270

treatment goals, 1270
triage considerations, 1270
Conjunctivitis, 170 , 173 –174
airborne/contact allergic conjunctivitis, 1397 –1398
allergic, 1399
clinical assessment, 1398
clinical recognition, 1396 –1398
diagnostic testing, 1398 –1399
differential diagnosis of, 1397 t
erythromycin or trimethoprim/polymyxin, 1399
evidences, 1396
management, 1399 –1400
nonseasonal acute allergic, 1398 f
treatment goals, 1396
triage considerations, 1398
Consciousness, 117
Conservative therapy, 1369 –1370
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA), 24
Constipation, 929
acute, 127 –128
anorectal anomalies and, 128 –129
approach to, 129 f
atypical presentations of, 128 t
chronic, 128 –131 , 1304
common causes of, 128 t
definition, 127
dietary factors of, 128
etiology of, 128 t
evaluation and decision, 127 –131
functional, 130 , 131 t, 132

life-threatening causes of, 129 t
medications associated with, 130 t
physiology, 127