Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 2754 2754

CHAPTER 99 ■ PULMONARY EMERGENCIES
KYLE A. NELSON, ALEXANDER W. HIRSCH, JOSHUA NAGLER

GOALS OF EMERGENCY THERAPY
Pulmonary emergencies are common in children, accounting for approximately
10% of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits and 20% of hospitalizations.
Significant respiratory distress, particularly impending respiratory failure, must
be promptly recognized and effectively managed. General approaches to improve
oxygenation and ventilation are combined with therapy tailored to the underlying
condition. The differential diagnosis varies by age, with many conditions unique
to specific pediatric age groups. National guidelines are published for evaluation
and management of asthma, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, which have informed
local clinical practice guidelines and development of measurable outcomes
reflecting quality of care.
KEY POINTS
An age-appropriate differential diagnosis must be considered when
managing respiratory distress.
Normal vital sign ranges vary according to the age of the child.
Children with severe respiratory distress may rapidly decompensate
and progress to respiratory failure.
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