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TABLE 96.4
COMMON CAUSES OF NEONATAL SEIZURES
Asphyxia-related events

Metabolic derangements

Cerebrovascular lesions

Infection

Intrapartum stress or infection
Postnatal hypoxia due to trauma or systemic
illness
Hypoglycemia
Hypocalcemia
Hyponatremia/Hypernatremia
Neonatal stroke
Venous thrombosis
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subdural hematoma
Congenital infections (e.g., toxoplasmosis,
rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex
virus)
Viral meningitis or meningoencephalitis (e.g.,
herpes simplex virus, enterovirus,
parvovirus)
Bacterial meningitis

Central nervous system
malformations

Dysgenetic syndromes (e.g.,
holoprosencephaly, lissencephaly)
Chromosomal anomalies (e.g., trisomy 18)
Acquired malformations

Inborn errors of metabolism

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia
Branched-chain aminoacidopathies
Urea cycle defects with hyperammonemia
Adrenoleukodystrophies (e.g., Zellweger
syndrome)
Mitochondrial disorders with elevated lactate
and pyruvate
Pyridoxine deficiency
Prenatal exposure to barbiturates, alcohol,
heroin, cocaine, methadone may seize within
2 days to 6 weeks of age

Drug withdrawal or
intoxication