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TABLE 96.6
EXAMPLES OF HYPOTONIA AND NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE
Anterior horn cell

Motor and sensory
neuropathies
Neuromuscular junction

Congenital myopathy
Muscular dystrophy

Metabolic and multisystem
disease

Spinal muscular atrophies
Infantile neuronal degeneration
Neurogenic arthrogryposis
Hypomyelinating neuropathy
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy
Acquired transient neonatal myasthenia
Congenital myasthenia
Infantile botulism
Magnesium toxicity
Aminoglycoside toxicity
Nemaline myopathy
Myotubular myopathy
Congenital muscular dystrophy
Walker–Warburg syndrome
Muscle–eye–brain disease
Duchenne dystrophy

Mitochondrial disorder
Peroxisomal disorder
Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome
Pompe disease
Severe neonatal phosphofructokinase
deficiency
Severe neonatal phosphorylase deficiency

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Goals of Treatment
It is estimated that over 4% of pregnant women abuse one or more substances
during pregnancy—both legal and illicit substances. The goals of treatment are to
distinguish the infant suffering from neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and