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TABLE 102.2
SUBSTANCES MOST OFTEN REPORTED IN PEDIATRIC
EXPOSURES <5 YEARS OF AGE
Substance

Percentage of
total exposures

Cosmetics/personal care products
Cleaning substances
Analgesics (including opioids)
Foreign bodies/toys
Topical preparations
Antihistamines
Vitamins
Pesticides
Dietary supplements/herbals
Plants

12.6
11
9.2
6.4
4.8
4.7
4.3
3.4
3.4
2.8

From Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Spyker DA, et al. 2017 Annual Report of the American Association of

Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 35th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol
2018;56(12):1213–1415. Adapted by permission of Taylor & Francis Ltd, www.tandfonline.com .

TABLE 102.3
TOXIC EXPOSURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE MOST DEATHS
Opioid analgesics
Antidepressants
Stimulants and street drugs
Nonprescription analgesics
Muscle relaxants

Sedative-hypnotics, antipsychotics
Cardiovascular drugs
Alcohols
Gases and fumes (includes carbon monoxide)
Antihistamines

From Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Spyker DA, et al. 2017 Annual Report of the American Association of
Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 35th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol
2018;56(12):1213–1415. Adapted by permission of Taylor & Francis Ltd, www.tandfonline.com .

Initial Life Support Phase
The general approach to recognition and support of vital airway and
cardiorespiratory functions (or ABCDs) is well known to most readers and is