Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 3037 3037
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Vital signs
Pulse
Bradycardia
Digoxin, opioids, organophosphates, plants (lily-of-the-valley, foxglove,
oleander), clonidine, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers
Tachycardia
Alcohol, amphetamines and sympathomimetics, anticholinergic agents,
tricyclic antidepressants, theophylline, salicylates, phencyclidine, cocaine
Respirations
Slow, depressed
Alcohol, barbiturates (late), opioids, clonidine, sedative-hypnotics
Tachypnea
Amphetamines, barbiturates (early), methanol, ethylene glycol, salicylates,
carbon monoxide
Blood pressure
Hypotension
Cellular asphyxiants (methemoglobinemia, cyanide, carbon monoxide), βblockers, calcium channel blockers, antipsychotics, tricyclic
antidepressants, barbiturates, iron, theophylline, clonidine, opioids
Hypertension
Amphetamines/sympathomimetics, phencyclidine, monoamine oxidase
inhibitors (MAOIs), antihistamines, anticholinergic agents, clonidine
(early)
Temperature
Hypothermia
Ethanol, barbiturates, sedative-hypnotics, opioids, phenothiazines,
antidepressants, clonidine, carbamazepine
Hyperpyrexia
Sympathomimetics, anticholinergics, salicylates, neuroleptics, inhalational
anesthetics, succinylcholine, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, withdrawal
from sedatives/alcohol
Neuromuscular
Coma
Opioids, sedative-hypnotics, anticholinergics (antihistamines,
