Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 3039 3039

Jaundice
Carbon tetrachloride, acetaminophen, naphthalene, phenothiazines, plants
(hepatotoxic mushrooms, fava bean-induced hemolysis), heavy metals
(iron, phosphorus, arsenic)
Cyanosis (unresponsive to oxygen, as a result of methemoglobinemia)
Aniline dyes, nitrites, benzocaine, phenacetin, nitrobenzene,
phenazopyridine, dapsone
Pinkness to redness
Atropinics and antihistamines, alcohol, carbon monoxide, cyanide, boric acid
Odors
Acetone: Acetone, isopropyl alcohol, phenol, salicylates
Alcohol: Ethanol (alcoholic beverages)
Bitter almond: Cyanide
Garlic: Heavy metal (arsenic, phosphorus, thallium), selenium,
organophosphates
Wintergreen: Methylsalicylates (oil of wintergreen)
Solvent: Hydrocarbons (gasoline, turpentine)
OTC, over the counter; LSD, lysergamide.
Adapted from Mofenson HC, Greensher J. The unknown poison. Pediatrics 1974;54:336.

TABLE 102.6
TOXIDROMES

An immediate determination of quantitative levels is helpful in making
management decisions for some drugs, and these are outlined in Table 102.7 .
Furthermore, many important causes of coma and altered vital signs are not
detected on even the most sophisticated comprehensive toxicology panels
because these are often biased toward psychoactive medications and illicit drugs.
Drugs detected by most comprehensive screens are presented in Table 102.8 .