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Common features involve somatic symptoms, physical signs,
behavioral or emotional changes, cognitive impairments, and/or
sleep disturbances.
Eighty percent to 90% of symptoms resolve within 7 to 10 days.
Goal of therapy is physical and cognitive rest.
Concussion is a clinical syndrome of biomechanically induced brain
dysfunction without apparent radiographic injury. The panel consensus
statement from the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport
defines concussion as “a traumatic brain injury induced by biomechanical
forces.” Several common features that incorporate clinical, pathologic and
biomechanical injury constructs that may be utilized in defining the nature
of a concussive head injury include:
1. Concussion may be caused either by a direct blow to the head, face, neck
or elsewhere on the body with an “impulsive” force transmitted to the
head.
2. Concussion typically results in the rapid onset of short-lived impairment
of neurologic function that resolves spontaneously. However, in some
cases, symptoms and signs may evolve over a number of minutes to hours.
3. Concussion may result in neuropathologic changes, but the acute clinical
symptoms largely reflect a functional disturbance rather than a structural
injury and, as such, no abnormality is seen on standard structural
neuroimaging studies.
4. Concussion results in a range of clinical symptoms that may or may not
involve loss of consciousness. Resolution of the clinical and cognitive
symptoms typically follows a sequential course. However, it is important
to note that in some cases symptoms may be prolonged.
5. The use of grading scales for concussion is no longer recommended as
there is no evidence that such assignments are predictive of cognitive
deficits.

Current Evidence

Evaluation for TBI accounts for more than 800,000 ED visits per year, with
approximately 75% of those visits defined as concussion or mild TBI.
There has been a tremendous emphasis on sports-related concussions and