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determine optimal approaches to assess for violation of the joint, and antibiotics
may be indicated.
Suggested Readings and Key References
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Tetanus. In:
Kimberlin DW, ed. Red Book . 31st ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American
Academy of Pediatrics; 2018:793–798.
Brown DJ, Jaffe JE, Henson JK. Advanced laceration management. Emerg Med
Clin N Am 2007;25:83–99.
Callahan JM, Baker MD. General wound management. In: Henretig FM, King C,
eds. Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Procedures . 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA:
Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008:1005–1017.
DeBoard RH, Rondeau DF, Kang CS, et al. Principles of basic wound evaluation
and management in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am
2007;25:23–29.
Heal C, Buettner P, Raasch B, et al. Can sutures get wet? Prospective randomized
control trial of wound management in general practice. BMJ
2006;332(7549):1053–1056.
Holger JS, Wnadersee SC, Hale DB, et al. Cosmetic outcomes of facial
lacerations repaired with tissue adhesive, absorbable and non-absorbable
sutures. Am J Emerg Med 2004;22:254–257.
Hood R, Shermock KM, Emerman C. A prospective, randomized pilot evaluation
of topical triple antibiotic versus mupirocin for the prevention of
uncomplicated soft tissue wound infection. Am J Emerg Med 2004;22(1):1–3.
Ilicki K. Safety of epinephrine in digital nerve blocks: a literature review. J
Emerg Med 2015;49(5):799–809.
Karaduman S, Yuruktumen A, Guryay SM, et al. Modified hair apposition
technique as the primary closure method for scalp lacerations. Am J Emerg
Med 2009;27(9):1050–1055.
Karounis H, Gouin S, Eisman H, et al. A randomized control trial comparing
long-term cosmetic outcomes of traumatic pediatric lacerations repaired with
absorbable plain gut versus non-absorbable nylon sutures. Acad Emerg Med

2004;11:730–735.
Mankowitz SL. Laceration management. J Emerg Med 2018;53(3):369–382.
Mark DG, Granquist EJ. Are prophylactic oral antibiotics indicated for the
treatment of intraoral wounds? Ann Emerg Med 2008;52:368–372.
McNamara R, DeAngelis M. Laceration repair with sutures, staples and wound
closure tapes. In: Henretig FM, King C, eds. Textbook of Pediatric Emergency