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anterior cord syndrome results from the loss of neurologic function in those areas
supplied by the anterior spinal artery ( Fig. 112.34 ). Motor function is lost below
the level of the lesion. Touch and proprioceptive functions, carried by the dorsal
(posterior) columns, are preserved. The posterior cord syndrome is rare ( Fig.
112.34 ). It involves the loss of proprioceptive functions, deep pressure, and pain
and vibratory sense, with preservation of motor and temperature sensation. This
can occur with direct posterior cord trauma or posterior spinal artery involvement.
The Brown-Séquard syndrome (hemisection of the cord) involves contralateral
loss of pain and temperature sensation with ipsilateral motor findings (weakness
or paralysis) below the lesion ( Fig. 112.34 ). The central cord syndrome signifies
an injury that is most severe in the center of the cord and less so toward the
periphery ( Fig. 112.34 ). The resultant physical examination demonstrates motor
strength that is more severely depressed in the arms than in the legs. These
designations may be useful in suggesting prognosis. Approximately two-thirds of
those patients with central cord syndrome and one-third of those with the BrownSéquard syndrome recover. Complete transections and anterior cord syndrome
usually signify nonreversible lesions. Patients with posterior cord syndrome
usually recover but may demonstrate some degree of ataxia.