Oncolytic virus therapy

Oncolytic Viral Therapy
Oncolytic Viral Therapy
Presented by Katherine Sawyer
Presented by Katherine Sawyer
Oncolytic Viral Therapy
Oncolytic Viral Therapy

Definition:
Definition:

“
“
Onco-” = cancer
Onco-” = cancer

“
“
-lytic” = killing
-lytic” = killing

Viral = using virus
Viral = using virus

Therapy = for treatment
Therapy = for treatment
Onco = Cancer
Onco = Cancer

Cancer is……
Cancer is……


Unusual cell
Unusual cell
growth
growth

Caused by
Caused by
genetic mutation
genetic mutation

Usually in form
Usually in form
of tumor
of tumor
Onco = Cancer
Onco = Cancer

Cancer ……
Cancer ……

Unusual cell growth
Unusual cell growth

Caused by genetic mutation
Caused by genetic mutation

Usually in form of tumor
Usually in form of tumor

Blocks immune

Blocks immune
system with
system with
proteins
proteins

Takes resources
Takes resources
from healthy
from healthy
cells
cells
Onco = Cancer
Onco = Cancer

Cancer ……
Cancer ……

Unusual cell growth
Unusual cell growth

Caused by genetic
Caused by genetic
mutation
mutation

Usually in form of tumor
Usually in form of tumor

Blocks immune system

Blocks immune system
with proteins
with proteins

Takes resources from
Takes resources from
healthy cells
healthy cells

Can occur in
Can occur in
almost any
almost any
tissue
tissue
Cancer Treatments
Cancer Treatments

Surgery
Surgery

Remove tumor
Remove tumor

Success if all of tumor is removed, but many cancers
Success if all of tumor is removed, but many cancers
metastasize (break and spread) or have irregular
metastasize (break and spread) or have irregular
shapes difficult to remove
shapes difficult to remove


Risk associated with any invasive surgery
Risk associated with any invasive surgery
Cancer Treatments
Cancer Treatments

Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy

Use of toxic drugs to kill the cancer
Use of toxic drugs to kill the cancer

Often severe side effects because it also kills some
Often severe side effects because it also kills some
healthy cells
healthy cells

Effective but side effects significant (nausea, fatigue,
Effective but side effects significant (nausea, fatigue,
immune weakness)
immune weakness)
Cancer Treatments
Cancer Treatments

Radiation
Radiation

Radiation aimed at tumor to kill the tumor cells
Radiation aimed at tumor to kill the tumor cells


Side effects severe, significant damage to
Side effects severe, significant damage to
surrounding tissue
surrounding tissue

Effective in reducing tumor
Effective in reducing tumor
Cancer Treatments
Cancer Treatments

Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology

Use carbon or other molecule to carry drug or
Use carbon or other molecule to carry drug or
radiation to the tumor
radiation to the tumor

Use shells of cells to carry drugs
Use shells of cells to carry drugs

Attach drugs to molecules that can fit through wide
Attach drugs to molecules that can fit through wide
cancer blood vessels that healthy cells don’t have
cancer blood vessels that healthy cells don’t have

Magnetically draw device to tumor
Magnetically draw device to tumor

Carry marker for tumor to monitor progress

Carry marker for tumor to monitor progress
Cancer Treatments
Cancer Treatments

Genetic Therapy
Genetic Therapy

Re-program cancer cells’ DNA to make it die young.
Re-program cancer cells’ DNA to make it die young.
Cancer Treatments
Cancer Treatments

Oncolytic Viral Therapy
Oncolytic Viral Therapy

Genetically modifying a virus so that it kills cancer
Genetically modifying a virus so that it kills cancer
cells instead of healthy cells
cells instead of healthy cells
Virus: Description
Virus: Description

Protein shell with DNA inside
Protein shell with DNA inside

Requires a host cell to reproduce
Requires a host cell to reproduce
Virus: Description
Virus: Description


Requires a host cell to reproduce
Requires a host cell to reproduce

Protein shell with DNA inside
Protein shell with DNA inside

Disease causing agent for diseases like measles,
Disease causing agent for diseases like measles,
herpes, varicella (chicken pox), smallpox, HIV, adeno
herpes, varicella (chicken pox), smallpox, HIV, adeno
virus (common cold), influenza, rabies, and many
virus (common cold), influenza, rabies, and many
others
others

Unlike bacteria, no beneficial viruses (always kills its
Unlike bacteria, no beneficial viruses (always kills its
host)
host)
Virus: Structure
Virus: Structure

Protein shell called a
Protein shell called a
capsid contains DNA
capsid contains DNA

Arrangement of one
Arrangement of one
or more protein fibers

or more protein fibers
for bonding with host
for bonding with host
cell
cell
Virus: Structure
Virus: Structure
Virus: Structure
Virus: Structure
Virus: Structure
Virus: Structure
Virus: Reproduction
Virus: Reproduction

Attaches to host cell with spikes or filaments
Attaches to host cell with spikes or filaments
Virus: Reproduction
Virus: Reproduction

Attaches to host cell with spikes or filaments
Attaches to host cell with spikes or filaments
Virus: Reproduction
Virus: Reproduction

Attaches to host cell with spikes or filaments
Attaches to host cell with spikes or filaments
Virus: Reproduction
Virus: Reproduction

Attaches to host cell with spikes or filaments

Attaches to host cell with spikes or filaments
Virus: Reproduction
Virus: Reproduction

Once attached, it pushes its DNA inside the cell,
Once attached, it pushes its DNA inside the cell,

Uses the cell’s DNA as building
Uses the cell’s DNA as building
blocks
blocks
for its new
for its new
DNA
DNA

New virus breaks through cell wall
New virus breaks through cell wall
Virus: Reproduction
Virus: Reproduction
Oncolytic Viral Therapy: Method
Oncolytic Viral Therapy: Method

Choose a resilient virus that is successful in human body
Choose a resilient virus that is successful in human body

Measles
Measles

Herpes

Herpes

Adeno virus (common cold)
Adeno virus (common cold)

Influenza virus
Influenza virus
Oncolytic Viral Therapy: Method
Oncolytic Viral Therapy: Method

Choose a resilient virus that is successful in the human
Choose a resilient virus that is successful in the human
body
body