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Nghien
cUu
- trao doi
C^n
lam sau
site
them
bai hoc van dung sang tao
va phat trien ly iuan Mac - Lenin
trong Cuong linh
N
ghien
ciiu
du thao
Cuong linh (bd sung,
phat trie'n 2010), tren
tinh than nhat tri la co
ban, cbn mdt vai khia eanh xin
dugc trinh bay de Ban
dir
thao
xem xet:
1-Ten
goi. Nen them van de
"bao ve To qudc" de viet: "Cuong
linh xay dung va bao ve Td qudc
trong thdi ky qua dp len chu nghia
xa hdi". Xay dung va bao ve To
qudc la bai nhiem vu chien luge
deu quan trpng, deu quan he chat
ehe trong sudt thcri ky qua dp.

Nhan dan rat quan tam ea hai van
de nay. Thuc tien dang eho thay
tinh
biic xiic
va lau dai cua nd.
2-Ve "Qua trinh each mang
va nhiing bai hoc kinh
nghiem"
- Nen viet "ky nguyen dpc lap tu
do va chu nghia xa hdi" (hoae "di
len chu nghia xa hdi"). Can them
tinh chat che dp xa hdi de du nghia
hon, phan biet ky nguyen trube va
ky nguyen sau.
- Trong 5 bai hpc
Icrii.
-I-
Nen nhap bai hpc
thii
ba va
thii tu
lam mpt mdi du
"Idn".
Doan
ket la van de
Idn
cua each
mang.
• PGS. LE THE LANG
nhung chi

"Idn"
khi tao ra
siic
manh to
Idn.
Doan ket khdng chi de
doan ket ma chi ed y nghia khi tao
siic
manh de da'u tranh va lao
ddng, de xay dung va bao ve To'
qud'c.
Ndi dung chinh cua bai hpc
doan ket ciing ndi den "ngudn
sue
manh" va "dai thanh cdng". Ca hai
bai hpc deu ndi den dan tdc va qudc
te;
Viet Nam va thbi dai; ben trong
va ben ngoai va tap trung vao •viec
tao ra
sue
manh. Bai hpe sau la ket
qua cua bai hpc
tnrcie.
Bai hpe truoc
la ngudn gd'c cua bai hpe sau. Hai
bai hpc nay neu tach rbi thi phan
trung nhau nhieu hon khac biet.
Hai cau tho cua Hd Chu Tieh
khdng bao gib tach rbi nhau de neu

rd
sir
thd'ng nhat dd: Doan ket doan
ket, dai doan ket - Thanh cdng,
thanh cdng, dai thanh cdng.
-f-
Bai hpe
thii
nam la quan
trpng, can phai cd. Nhung dugc viet
"nhan td' hang dau quyet dinh
thang lgi". Hai tir "hang dau" se
dan tdi van de: ebn bai hpc nao niia
diing cimg "hang" vdi bai hpc nay.
Bai hpc
thii
hai neu vai trb cua
nhan dan ("Chinh nhan dan la
ngubi Fam nen nhiing
th^ng
lpi lich
sir") d "hang" nao va nhiing bai hpe
36
TUYEN
GlAO SCD 10
-
2010
^•.i£U»M^X
Nghien
cUu

- trao doi
Xoa doi, giam ngheo cho dong bdo ddn
tpc
thieu sd la nhiem
vu hdng ddu dugc neu trong cdc nghi quyet cua Ddng
Anh:TV
cdn lai niia? Nhan dan va
Dang la hai nhan td true tiep
ndi ve eon ngubi, nen can xep
ciing mpt cum van de, cd
nghia Fa dua bai hoc
thii
hai
thanh bai hpc diing lien
trutie
bai hpc ve Dang va dien dat
nhu the nao de hieu ro:
khdng cd Dang lanh dao each
mang khdng thang lpi; khdng
cd nhan dan
each
mang cirng
khdng thanh edng. Dang va
dan khdng bao gib tach rbi
nhau trong each mang Viet
Nam. Dien dat nhu the nao
de khdng venh nhau giiia cac
qui luat pho bien.
-t- Cd mpt bai hpe rait
Icin

va
rat can eho lanh dao eua
Dang trong mpi thai ky. Dd Fa
bai hpe ve
sir
van dung sang
tao va phat trie'n ly luan Mac
- Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi
Minh, kinh nghiem lich su
the gicri va Viet Nam vao dae
diem nube ta; lam the nao de
ehu nghia Mae- Lenin, tu
tudng Hd Chi Minh trd thanh
nen tang tu tudng va kim chi
nam cho hanh ddng tren thuc
te.
Chdng nhirng gi, tranh
nhirng gi va xay nhiing gi de
tao dugc nang
lire
tu duy
khoa hpc, ly luan nham giai
dap diing nhiing yeu cau dat
ra cua thuc tien Viet Nam.
Kinh nghiem eua Dang ta ve
van de nay rat phong
phii
va
cirng la uu diem ndi trdi cd
tinh thai dai. Can tach bai

hpe nay khdi bai hpc
thii
nam
de thanh bai hpe
Idn,
bai hpe
rieng biet.
Bai hpc
thii
nam can tang
lieu lugng ve xay dung Dang,
nhat la xay dung td chuc.
3-Ve "Qua do len
chii
nghia
xa hoi
6"
nude
ta".
- Dac trung "Dan giau,
nube manh " (dac trung
thii
nha't) dat d day Fa ehua that
diing chd va ndi dung chua
hpp ly,
-vi:
Mdt loat nhiing pham tru
dugc ke ra nhu the van chua
du. Cd the cdn ke tiep nhirng
pham tru khac: hoa binh, ddc

lap,
tu do, hanh phiic, phat
trien (tiep theo sau "van
minh").
Bay dae trung cbn lai dugc
thuc hien se dat duge muc
tieu "dan giau,
nucic
manh ";
nen khdng can neu muc tieu
dau tien nay.
"Dan chu" la van de ban
khoan qua may ky Dai hdi.
Nd ehi hpp ly khi muc tieu
"dan giau, nude manh "
diing doe lap. Neu dat vao he
thdng dac trung eira ehu
nghia xa hdi lai thanh phi ly,
•vi tiep lien dd la dac trung
"nhan dan lam chu" (dac
trung
thii
hai), "nhan dan
lam chu" khae gi "dan chu".
Chang le chu nghia xa hdi cd
hai
thii
dan chu. Tat ca van
de dan ehu eua chu nghia xa
hdi nen tap trung vao ndi

dung cua dae trung
thii
hai:
"nhan dan lam ehu".
Chd diing phu hgp cua
muc tieu "Dan giau, nuoc
manh " nen de d cudi mue
tieu tong quat: "tao co sd
lam cho nude ta trd thanh
mpt nude xa hoi chu nghia
dan giau, nude manh, dan
chu, cdng bang, van minh".
(That ra chi ndi, "dan giau,
nube manh", hoae "ddc lap,
tu do, hanh phiic" theo each
ndi cua Hd Chu Tich la day
du, khdng nen ke ra lam
thii,
gay them rac rdi trong
nhan thiie).
Trong he thdng dae trung
cua Cuong linh
91
cd mdt van
de quan trpng khdng dugc
ghi lai: "con ngubi dugc giai
phdng khdi ap
biic,
bdc lot,
bat cdng, lam theo nang

lire,
hudng theo lao ddng". Nhan
TUYEN
GlAO
SO 10-2010 37
Nghien
cUu
- trao doi
dan Viet Nam di theo Dang
lam each mang tir nam 1930
la do cd phan hap dan
Icrii
cua
khau hieu chien luge nay.
Vay nd edn diing niia hay
khdng. Giai thich the nao
trong thue tien hien nay de cd
siic
thuyet phue. Trdng ebb
eira nhan dan Fa bao gib dieu
dd dugc thuc hien. Cum tir
"cd eupe sdng am no, tu do,
hanh phiic " chua ndi du
khat vpng neu tren va chua
phan biet dugc vcri chir nghia
xa hdi dan chu.
- Bdi eanh qudc te duge
trinh bay rd net. Tuy nhien
cd nhiing tir ngii va ndi dung
can dieu ehinh,

bd
sung: "Cae
mau thuan eo ban tren the
gidi",
nen viet: "Cac mau
thuan hien nay eua thcri dai"
va •viet rd ndi dung cac mau
thuan ay. La Cuong linh cua
thbi ky qua dp, khdng nen bd
qua ndi dung mau thuan
eira
thbi dai, vi nd Fa mdt can
cii
de hieu nhieu van de chien
luge va ehu truong, chinh
sach cua Dang.
Nen bd "(trudc day)" d
"Lien Xd (trube day)". Vi
khdng cd hai Lien Xd sao lai
phan biet "trudc", "sau".
Khdng ai ndi nube "Dai viet
(trudc day)", ciing nhu
khdng viet nude "Tiep Khac
(trudc day)"
- De cap nhiing thuan lpi
eua Viet Nam di len chu
nghia xa hdi (sau nhung dae
trung) nhung khdng neu khd
khan se dan tcri chu quan,
mat canh giae khi hoach dinh

dubng ldi, chinh saeh Thuc
te eua nube ta, khd khan
khdng phai it, tinh the nguy
hiem ludn ludn tdn
tai.
thuong dugc gpi Fa nguy co.
Can trinh bay day du, nhiing
tdn tai khach quan ay.
- Ve
phutmg
hucriig
eo
ban:
Tir "gan lien" trong "cdng
nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa gan
lien vcri phat trie'n kinh
te
tri
thiic"
se lam ngubi dpc hieu
kinh te tri thiic nam ngoai
cdng nghiep hoa hien dai boa.
Nen thay bang tir khae.
Van de lien minh cdng,
ndng, tri thiic - nen tang he
thdng ehinh tri - ehua dupc
nhae
den d day va nhirng ncri
cSn
thiet khac trong cutmg

linh.
4.
Nhiing dinh
hudng
Ion
ve phat trien kinh te,
van hoa, xa hoi, qudc
phong, an ninh, ddi ngoai.
- Ve van hoa, can ndi rd
nen tang tu tudng hay cdt ldi
tu tudng ehi dao mpi boat
ddng cua nd. Van hoa bao
gdm nhieu ndi dung, nhieu
loai hinh hoat ddng, neu
khdng cd diem tua tu tudng
se phat trien tuy tien va
phan tan. Tdn trpng tinh da
dang cua van hoa la dirng,
nhung cang da dang cang
phai dinh hudng rd mcri tap
trung cho
"siic
manh npi
sinh" nham tdi muc dich
"phue vu cd hieu qua
sir
nghiep xay dung va bao ve
Td qud'c".
- Ve xa hoi. Quan niem
trudc day vcri ndi dung ban

hep nen ehi thuc hien "chinh
sach". Quan niem hien nay
dugc md rdng thanh "chien
luge"
eon ngubi. Vira phat
huy tiem
lire
eua cac giai cap,
dan toe, tdn giao, kieu bao a
nude ngoai de tao
siic
manh xay dung va bao ve Td
qud'c vira cham lo nang eao
cibi sd'ng vat chat va tinh
than cua mpi ngubi, thuc
hien timg budc muc tieu
chien luge eua chu nghia xa
hpi.
Vl vay phai eoi day Fa van
de chien luge nhu cae chie'n
luge kinh te, van boa Thieu
tam nhin chien luge van de
xa hpi se anh hudng den cae
linh
'VUC
boat dpng khae. Lai
eang khdng nen eoi van de xa
hdi "an theo" van de kinh te,
van de van hoa de •viet "kinh
te

- xa hpi", "van boa - xa
hdi",
khdng coi van de xa hpi
tdn tai ddc lap. Do vay de van
de van hoa va xa hdi gdp
chung vao muc 6 la khdng
hpp ly. Can de muc 7 cho van
de xa hdi va bd tir "chinh
sach" trudc cum tir "chinh
sach xa hdi diing dan" thay
bang tir khac. Cd the la
"chien luge" hay "dirbng ldi",
hoae
"van de"
Qudc phdng va an ninh di
lien nhau bang dau ndi (-) la
hgp ly. Cau cudi eimg eua
"muc tieu, nhiem vu qudc
phong va an ninh" nen bd
sung cum tir "va
sir
ung hd
tieh cue eua nhan dan" de
thanh cau: "Tang cubng
sir
lanh dao tuyet ddi, true tiep
ve mpi mat eua Dang,
sir
quan ly tap trung thdng
nhat cua Nha nube va su

img ho tieh cue eua nhan
dan ddi vdi Quan dpi, Cdng
an nhan dan, va su nghiep
qud'c phong - an ninh".
- Ve dubng
Idd
ddd ngoai.
Chi ndi mdt chieu hpp tac
khdng ndi chieu dau tranh la
su ne tranh tao the bat lpi ve
phia ta, trudc bet la
nhiing'
38 I TUYEN GlAO SO
10 - 2010
ngubi lam cdng tac ddi ngoai.
Trong thuc te ta da da'u
tranh va
lire
lugng chd'ng ddd
cd y thiie day du dang ra
siie
chdng pha
sir
nghiep cua
dan
tpc ta. Ne tranh quan dem
•vira hop tac •vira da'u tranh se
dan tdi nhirng sai lam khac.
5. He thdng chinh tri va
vai tro lanh dao cua Dang.

- Xay dung Mat tran Td'
qudc ciing can nhan manh
vai trb khdi lien rninh
cdng, ndng, tri thirc - mdt
nguyen ly tuyet ddi dung
trong xay dung khdi dai
doan ket dan tdc.
- Ve Dang Cdng san Viet
Nam.
•
Trudc khi viet ve tu
tudng Hd Chi Minh can viet
ve khai niem chir nghia Mac-
Lenin vi hien nay khdng it
nhirng nhan thirc mo hd,
chdng chenh hoae giam
siit
long tin ddi vcri ly luan nen
tang nay. Chu nghia Mae -
Lenin la gi, khdng phai ai
cirng hieu va ndi diing. Hien
nay dang ddn
siic
nghien
ciiu
tu tudng Hd Chi Minh nen ed
phan lo la nghien
ciiu
ehu
nghia Mae- Lenin. Chay theo

phong trao Fa benh kinh nien
khd chira eira chiing ta.
Trinh bay tu tudng Hd Chi
Minh nen giu nhu Nghi Dai
hdi IX d 2 die'm: Nen cd tir
"Fa" trutic "ket qua cua
sir
van
dung van hoa nhan loai".
Doan nay coi la dinh nghia tu
tudng Hd Chi Minh. Sau "van
hoa nhan loai" nen xudng
dbng de
-viet:
"Tu tudng Hd
Chi Minh la di san tu
tudng ". Day la danh gia cua
khach quan. Danh gia du cao
den may cirng khdng thude
ndi ham cua khai niem.
Chiing ta can ed mdt dinh
nghia thdng nhat ve tu tudng
Hd Chi Minh. Dinh nghia eira
dai hdi IX da duge dn dinh.
Neu cuong linh du thao bd
sung va phat trien lan nay
mudn eoi doan "ket qua eua
su van dung van hoa nhan
loai"
la

chii
thich cua menh
de tren dd ("tu tudng Hd Chi
Minh la eua each mang
Viet Nam" thi nen ed gaeh
ngang (-) d trudc "ket qua" de
cd the bao gdm dugc cac dau
phay (,) sau dd.
Phan "Dang lanh dao
bang " cbn lung cung, chua
siie
tieh, thieu
Idgie.
Can •viet
lai rd hon de de nam bat. Cd
hai diem can luu y them:
"Dang lanh dao bang cuong
linh, chien
lirgc,
cac dinh
huong ve chinh sach va chu
truong
Icm".
Xua nay thudng
viet "ehu trucmg" trude
"ehinh saeh", vi quan niem
ehu truong ed npi dung rdng
va 1cm hon ehinh saeh. Nen
viet "Chu truong va ehinh
sach

Icrii".
Da
"\6n"
nen khdng
can "cae dinh hudng".
"Lanh dao bang cuong
linh, chien lupe ". Chien
luge,
ehu truong, chinh sach
la npi dung eira cuong linh va
cac van kien khac cua Dang.
"Xep hang" van kien va ndi
dung cua nd eung loai la
khdng on. Cd the viet: "Dang
lanh dao bang cuong linh va
cac van kien khae gdm nhiing
van de chien luge va cae chu
truong, chinh saeh
Idn".
Cau
"Dang thuong xuyen nang
eao nang
lire
cam quyen va
hieu qua lanh dao" dat d day
la thira,
'vi
dang trinh bay npi
dung cua lanh dao.
Nghien

cifu
- trao
aoi
Trong phan cudi ve xay
dung Dang mcri de cap den
dau tranh ndi bd can them
dau tranh chdng nhiing tac
ddng tir ben ngoai, nhiing am
muu chdng Dang cua cac the
lire
thu dieh. Trong dau tranh
noi bd can neu rd them
nhirng hien tupng thoai hoa,
bien chat va tham nhung.
Nhan dan rat quan tam va lo
lang den van de nay.
Can neu them van de
Dang cd nhiem •vu dau tranh
de bao ve va phat trien ly
luan, ddng thdi neu rd chu
nghia Qudc te cua Dang.
Nhin chung, du thao
cuong linh bo sung va phat
trien cd nhiing van de can
ban them:
- Cuong linh ehua the hien
rd lpi ieh eua nhirng ngubi lao
ddng, ehua phan anh rd chu
nghia xa hdi la giai phdng xa
hoi,

giai cap va cbn ngutri.
- Chua the hien diing tam
quan trpng cua khdi lien
minh cdng, ndng, tri thirc -
lire
lugng quyet dinh su tdn
tai cua Dang va che dp xa hdi.
- Chua phan anh diing
ndi lo thuang
true
cua toan
dan ve bao ve To qudc, dac
biet la bao ve bien gidi, hai
dao,
dat rirng (cho thue);
bao ve Dang trudc nguy ca
thoai boa bien chat va che
dp xa hdi cdn non tre.
Viee "mem hoa" nhirng
van de chinh tri la can
thiet, nhung tir dd di den
rut re, ne tranh nhiing
quan diem co ban, can ciing
ran, se giam
siit
y chi phan
dau cua toan dan /.
TUYEN GlAOSCD 10-2010
39,