RESEARCH PROGRAM ON CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY: 2013 BUSINESS PLAN docx

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TABLEOFCONTENTS
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1. Overview 3
2. Theme1:AdaptationtoProgressiveClimateChange  7
3. Theme2:AdaptationthroughManagingClimateRisk 14
4. Theme3:Pro‐poorClimateChangeMitigation 20
5. Theme4:IntegrationforDecisionMaking 26
6. EastAfricaRegion 34
7. WestAfricaRegion 38
8. SouthAsiaRegion 42
9. NewRegions 45
10. Globalpartnerships,engagementandcommunications 46
11. Capacityenhancement 48
12. Socialdifferentiationandgender 50
13. PrioritySetting,Monitoring&Evaluation 51
14. Administration,coordinationandmanagement 53
15. Organizationalchart  54
16. Summarybudget2013‐(ExpressedinUSDthousands) 55
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Background
2013 will be Year 3 of the CGIAR
ResearchProgramonClimateChange,

Agriculture and Food Security
(CCAFS). The 2013 business plan lays
outthekeyactivitiesin2013,situated
within the larger strategic framework of CCAFS. The key aspect
missing from this year’s business plan, but which may result in a
change of activities, relates to the proposed Consortium
Performance Management System (and the to‐be‐developed
IntermediateDevelopmentOutcomes, towhich allCGIARResearch
Programs (CRPs) must be aligned). Last year’s business plan was
based on the budget in the Program Plan. This  proved much too
optimistic and many cuts had to be made. The budget in this
BusinessPlanisthusbasedona10%decreasescenarioonWindow
1andWindow2funds.


CCAFS consists of four Themes (Figure 1). While the Themes are global in
character, there is a  concentration of effort in targeted regions. Two  regions
were added in 2012, giving five regions inall. In addition to the thematic and
regional work, a series of cross‐cutting issues are addressed in the business
plan,asshowninFigure1.

The hierarchy used in the CCAFS planning process (Objective, Output,
Milestone,Activity)isbasedonthecurrently discussedmodelfortheCGIARin
the “One Common System”. Each Theme has three Objectives (and an
associatedproposedOutcome) (Figure2).EachObjective consistsofa number
of Outputs – products derived from work over a number of years. Progress
towards the Output is measured by annual Milestones. Milestones average
about $1 million (in a particular year), inclusive of all costs including indirect 
(the range is from $500.000 to $2 million). The unit below Milestone is
“Activities”. Activities average about $250.000/annum (range from about

Figure1.TheelementsofCCAFScoveredintheBusinessPlan.
1.Overview

Figure2. usedin
theCCAFSplanningprocess
Hierarchy
3
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$150.000to$400.000).Centershave“CenterActivityPlans”andanassociatedbudget.ThemeLeadersandRegionalProgramLeadersalsohave
budgets.IntheBusinessPlan,onlythe2012Milestonesarepresented,withCenterActivityPlansintheannextotheBusinessPlan.
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ChangesmadetoObjectives,Outputs,Milestones
Unlikelastyear,nomajorchangesare proposedattheObjectivelevel.TherehavealsobeennochangesinOutputs.Therearechangesatthe
Milestonelevel.ThebiggestchangesrelatedtoCenters(andthusThemeleaders)overestimatingwhatcouldbeaccomplishedin2012,andsoa
numberofmilestoneshavebeenextendedinto2013andsubsequentmilestonesrescheduled.Therewasalso somerewording,largelyrelatedto
consolidating.Wedo,however,signalthatthePMCwishestorethinkTheme4during2013giventhattheThemeLeaderforObjective4.3has
departed,manypolicyissueshavebeenmainstreamedintoThemes1,2and3,therehasbeenamajorexpansionofactivitiesrelatedtogender
andsocial differentiation, and tomonitoring andevaluation.Wepropose totimethe revisions ofTheme 4tocoincidewith the finalisationof
“IntermediateDevelopmentOutcomes”(IDOs)
1
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
Majorissuesthatneedtobetackledgoingforward
In2011theCCAFSIndependentSciencePanel(ISP)calledforextraattentionandstrengtheningtoanumberoftopics.Wediscusstheseinsome
depthastheyremainpriorityareasofinvestmentandstrengthening.Thesetopicsandtheproposedfollowuptoevaluateprogressoneachof
themisgiveninthetable below.

Topics/researchareasrequiringstrengthening Proposedfollowup
Adaptationstrategiesforagriculturalandfoodsystemsinto policyand
institutionalframeworks(Theme1,Objective3)

Seebelow

Managingthewholefoodsystem(Theme2,Objective2)
ClimateInformationservices(Theme2,Objective3)
Institutionsandincentivesforpro‐poormitigation(Theme3,Objective1)
Participatoryactionresearch
Stocktakinginthelastquarterof2012forfeedingintotheScienceMeeting
2013
Processandtoolsneededtoimprovenationalleveldecisions
Genderanalys is Stocktakingonthebasisofthe2012reportsfromCenters,Regions,Themes
Inter‐centerprogramsofwork EachThemeandRegionreportsonthisaspectin thecurrentbusinessplan



1
ThedevelopmentofIDOsisaconsortium‐ledexercisethatwillmovetheCGIARtoaperformance‐basedsystem.TheIDOsneedtolinkCRPoutputstothe
StrategicResultsFramework(SRF)oftheCGIAR.
4
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TherehasbeenprogresstowardsaddressingtheissuesinthenamedThemes,inthatvariousactivitiesandpartnershipshavebeeninitiated.For
Theme1,activitiesbyBioversity,CIATandIWMIhavebeeninitiatedand/orstrengthened.InTheme2,Objective2afoodsecurityinformation 
experthasbeensecondedfromWFPtostrengthenCCAFSworkandpartnershipsattheinterfaceofclimateriskandfoodsecuritymanagement 
InTheme2Objective3anewscientisthasbeenhiredthoughICRISA T,tostrengthenandcoordinateworkonclimateservicesforagricultureand
foodsecurityacrosstheprogram.InTheme3planshavebeenmadetohireanewscientistatIFPRIbutasyettheposthasnotbeenfilled.IFPRI
is using the funds instead to commission work on (1) a review of country readiness for NAMAfinance and (2) refining earlier analysis of the
scope of corporate social responsibility programs with mitigation elements and how to mainstream these.We recognise that for all these
specificThemeactivities,theprocessofstrengtheningthemneedstocontinue.

Many participatory action research activities were initiated in 2012. Some of these are described in the sections for themes and regions.
However, werecognise that much moreneeds to be doneand that manyof the current activities need betterintegration with others and/or

strengthening.Weplantodoamajorstocktakinginthelastquarterof2012ofwhatisbeingconductedandwillusethatasinputintoScience
Meetingof2013.

We also have many activities in 2012 in relation to “processes and tools needed to improve national level decisions”. We will also do a
stocktakingofthese,forfeedingintotheScienceMeetingof2013. 

Gender analysis hasalso seen many advances (as described inthe section on “Gender and Social Differentiation” and within the sections for
ThemesandRegions).Weplantorevisitdiscussiononnextstepsoncetheannualtechnicalreportsfor2012arefinalisedfromCenters,Regions
andThemes.

Therehasbeenanupsurgeininter‐centeractivities,buthugechallengesremain.Someofthegoodinitiativesaredescribedinthisbusinessplan
under Themes and Regions, but we still see many areas of weakness, lack of synergies and individualistic behaviour. We will continue to
prioritisefacilitatinginter‐centeractivities.

Itisproposedthatallofthesetopicsbecomesubstantiveagendaitemsin2013ISPmeetings.Progresscanbereportedandfollowupproposals
prepared.

Totheabovelistwewanttoaddtwofurtherareasrequiringsubstantialattentionin2013.

Outcomesandperformance‐basedmanagement

This topic relatesto the proposed performance management system of the consortium and the development of “Intermediate Development
Outcomes”(IDOs).Bymid2013itisexpectedthatCCAFSwillhavedevelopedIDOs.Inaddition,wewillhavetodevelop“valuepropositions”for
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each IDO –the cost to achieve each outcome, enabling ananalysisandassessment of value formoney provided by each of the CRPs intheir
contribution tothe system.We arealso likely tobe partof a trialin relationtotheConsortium’s 2014Financing Plan. Itis expected thatCRP
Leaders, and through them the partners that implement the CRPs, would negotiate with the Consortium both the minimum, or satisfactory
levels of investments and outcomes for which they will be held accountable, as well as, where appropriate the rewards associated with
outperformance. Given the emphasis on performance‐based financing in th is Business Plan we have used a performance‐based method to

allocatesomeofthe2013resources(seebudgetsection).In2013weplantoexpandthesystemtoincludeassessmentof2012outcomesandto
usethoseinthedecisionsonallocatingresources.

Given the focus on outcomes, we need to step up focus in themes, regions and Centers. Too many Center activities are removed from any
impactpathwaysorimpactpathwayslackclarity.Weplantodevelopoutcomemappingatsiteleveltoensurefocusandconnectiontoimpact
pathwaysandspendsometimewithCenterscientistsdiscussing scalingup,soastoensurethatresearchismoretargetedandfeedsintoimpact
pathways.In addition,weplantomakesome shiftofresourcesin communications,from globaloutreachtomore supporttoregions toreach
stakeholdersontheimpactpathways.

Foodsecurityandfoodsystems

Currently CCAFS is dominated by work on the production component of food security. As discussed at the OuagadougouISPmeeting, CCAFS
needstoinvestinfillinggaps,viastrategicresearchorpartnerships,toaddressfoodsecurityinitswidersense.Additionalinvestmentsforthis
areproposedin2013.

6

2. Theme 1:
Adaptation
to
Progressive
Climate
Chan
g
e
ThemeLeaders:
AndyJarvis(CIAT)andAndrewChallinor(UniversityofLeeds)

Background:
According to FAO, the world needs to produce 60‐70%  more food to support a growing and changing

population,andthismusthappenunderamoreuncertainandpotentiallyunfriendlyclimate.Manycountriesandcommunities
aretherefore asking: Whatdoes climate changeimplytotheirspecificcontext? Whatcanbedone to adapt?How much willit
costandhowdoIimplementit?InTheme1weseethattoadaptfarmingsystemstoa2030worldweneedto:Closetheyield
gapbyeffectivelyusingcurrenttechnologies,practicesandpoliciesinanadaptationcontext;Increasethebarbydevelopingnew
waystoincreaseagriculturalpotential,especiallytoconfrontnovelclimatesbysupportingcropimprovementtodeliverfarmers
with varieties that can stand up to the many challenges of the future; and Enable policies andinstitutions, from the farm to
nationallevel,toensurethatchangeoccurs.

Objectives:

Objective 1.1:Adaptedfarmingsystemsviaintegratedtechnologies,practices,andpolicies
IntermediateIndicator:
Onetofiveflagshiptechnicaland/orinstitutionalapproaches
identifiedanddevelopedwithfarmers,keydevelopmentand
fundingagencies(nationalandinternational),civilsociety
organizationsandprivatesectorinthreeregions,whichwould
directlyenhancetheadaptivecapacityofthefarmingsystems
totheclimatechangecondition
KeyStaff:
AndyJarvis(ThemeLeader‐ 30%),AndyChallinor(Theme
Leader–5%),OsanaBonilla(ScienceOfficer– 40%),Julian
Ramirez‐Villegas(CCAFSfundedPhDstudent– 50%),Caitlin
Peterson(CCAFSfellow– 100%),FloraMer(CCAFSfellow–
50%),CarlosNavarro(Climatedatasupport– 50%)


Majorpartnersandtheirroles:
UniversityofOxford(SystemicFrameworkforIntegrated
AdaptationPlanning adaptationplanning);Universityof
Florida(Genderanalysis);IIAM(Enhancinglivelihood

resilienceandadaptivecapacitytoclimatechange);AgMIP
(cropmodeling);StanfordUniversity(adaptationentrypoints)
Objective1.2:Developbreedingstrategiesforaddressingabioticandbioticstressesinducedbyfutureclimaticconditions, variabilityand
extremes,includingnovelclimates
IntermediateIndicator:
Breedingstrategiesofregionalandnationalcropbreeding
institutionsinthreetargetregionsarecoordinated,informed
byCCAFS‐ledcropmodelingapproachesthataredeveloped
andevaluatedforbioticandabioticconstraintsfortheperiod
2020to2050
KeyStaff:
MichaelDingkuhn(sharedpositionCCAFS‐Grisp;co‐leadership
obj.1.2‐ 20%),AndyJarvis(ThemeLeader– 20%),Andy
Challinor(ThemeLeader– 15%),OsanaBonilla(Science
Officer– 30%),JulianRamirez‐Villegas(CCAFS fundedPhD
student– 50%),AnnKristinKoehler(CCAFSfundedPost‐Doc–
100%),CarlosNavarro(Climatedatasupport– 50%).Joint
CCAFS‐CIRADPhDTBD(toworkonSorghum);100%
Majorpartnersandtheirroles:
CIRAD:(co‐leadershipObjective1.2);EMBRAPA
(Methodologicaldevelopmentofanonlinetoolforthe
identificationofTPEs);GlobalCropDiversityTrust(pre‐
breedingandcropwildrelatives);NARSbreedinggroupsin
CCAFSregions
7

Objective1.3: Integrateadaptationstrategiesforagriculturalandfoodsystemsintopolicyandinstitutionalframeworkss
IntermediateIndicator:
Integratedadaptationstrategiesforagriculturalandfood
systemsinsertedintopolicyandinstitutionalframeworksat

regional,nationalorsub‐nationallevelin2targetregions.
PolicymakersandkeystakeholdersuseCCAFSresearch
outputs‐guidelines,toolsandmethods‐ tosupportthe
developmentofNAPAS,sectorspecificadaptationplans,or
germplasmbenefitsharingpolicies
KeyStaff:
AndyJarvis(ThemeLeader‐ 30%),OsanaBonilla(Science
Officer– 20%)
Majorpartnersandtheirroles:
UniversityofOxford(socialsciencesupport),Universityof
Florida(Genderanalysissupport)

2013Milestones
OUTPUT MILESTONES
PARTICIPATING
CENTERS/PARTNERS
REGION
2

Objective1.1:Analyzeanddesignprocessestosupportadaptationoffarmingsystemsinthefaceoffutureuncertaintiesofclimateinspaceandtime
Output1.1.1.
Developmentoffarming
systemsandproduction
technologiesadaptedto
climatechangeconditions
intimeandspacethrough
designoftoolsfor
improvingcrops,livestock,
agronomicandnatural
resourcemanagement

practices.
Milestone1.1.12013
.
Toolsandguidelinesdevelopedtosupporttheselection
(and/ormaintenance)ofthemostappropriate

waterstorageoptionsand/or
theircombinationsforriverbasindevelopmentplanning

underconditionsof
increasingclimatevariability;optionsmostlikelytobenefitoradverselyaffect
marginalsocialgroupsincludingwomenassessed.Reviewsoftoolsand
guidelines,includinglinkstoindividualguidelinesandaccesstotools,with
explicitrecognitionofgenderandsocialdifferentiation.

IWMI

SAs

2
Region:Thisshowswherethismilestoneworkisbeingconducted.Insomecaseswecanbespecific,butinothercaseswestillawaitthefinalmor edetailed
CenterActivityPlans.EA:EastAfrica,WA:WestAfrica;SAS:SouthAsia;SEA:South‐eastAsia;LAC: LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean;SSA:Sub‐SaharanAfrica.
8

PARTICIPATING
REGION
2
OUTPUT MILESTONES
CENTERS/PARTNERS
Output1.1.2Buildingof

regionalandnational
capacitiestoproduceand
communicatesocially
inclusiveadaptationand
mitigationstrategiesfor
progressiveclimatechange
atthenationallevel(e.g.
throughNAPAs).

Milestone1.1.22013(1).Newknowledgedevelopedon(1)thepotential
applicationdomainsforagriculturaland watermanagementpractices,
technologiesandpolicies(includingmaps),prioritizedonthebasisoftheir
potentialbenefitsformarginalsocialgroups,especiallywomenand(2)best
meansoftransferringthesetechnologiesandensuringtheiradoptiontogender
andsocially‐differentiatedbeneficiarygroups;findingssynthesizedand
presentedinreportandjournalarticles


Milestone1.1.22013(2).Researchanddevelopmentpartners(especially
femaleandyoungscientists)inatleast11countriestrainedinusingnew
monitoringandmodelingtoolsforclimatechangeadaptationfordifferentcrops
includingunderutilizedspecies;outcomessummarizedinreport

Milestone1.1.22013(3).Capacitiesraisedinatleast6countriestoassessthe
impactsofclimatechangeoncropsandidentifyingpro‐poorandgender‐
responsiveadaptationstrategiesatthesubnationalscaleusingcropmodelsand
gender‐differentiatedlocalknowledge(linkswithT4.2).Additionalcasestudies
onclimateanaloguesinitiatedinatleast12moreanaloguesites.
CIAT,Bioversity,ICRAF,IITA,ILRI,
CIMMYT,WorldFish,IWMI,IIAM,

IUCN,DIIS(CAF),AfricanBioversity
ConservationandInnovationsCenter
(ABCIC),NARES(e.g.KARI,SARI)




Bioversity




CIAT
U.ofOxford,NARS,NGOs,ICAR
(DWR),BARC,NationalUniversities,
NationalMeteorologicaland
HydrologicalServices(NMHSe.g.
NMA‐Ethiopia,KMD‐Kenya);NARES
(e.g.KARI,EIAR,NARO);Community
partnersandLoca lNGOs
EA,WA,SEA,
SA,LAM,Global,
SAf






Global





EA,WA,SEA

Output1.1.3New
knowledge,guidelinesand
accesstogermplasmare
providedforusinggenetic
andspeciesdiversityto
enhanceadaptation,
productivityandresilience
tochangingclimatewith
benefitsforsocially
marginalgroups

Milestone1.1.32013(1).Germplasm(wildanddomesticated)withtraits
importantforadaptingtoclimatechangeandtraitswithpotentialbenefitsfor
differentusergroupsconservedinlocal,nationalandregionalexsitucollections
andmadeavailabletotargetusers;findingspresentedinpeer‐reviewedjournal
articlesandgenebankreports;databasesaugmented

Milestone1.1.32013(2).Farmers’traditional,gender‐differentiatedknowledge
onuseofdiversityandclimatechangeadaptationdocumentedandmade
availableinatleast3countries;findingspresentedindatabases,reportsand
peer‐reviewedarticle

CIAT






Bioversity




Global





EA,SEA,SAs,




9

PARTICIPATING
REGION
2
OUTPUT MILESTONES
CENTERS/PARTNERS

Milestone 1.1.3 2013 (3). Data gathered on how communities enhance
conservation and use of local biodiversity within the climate change context,

disaggregated by gender and other social strata; findings summarized in
technicalreports,factsheetsandjournalarticles
Bioversity

SA,SAs
Objective1.2:Developbreedingstrategiesforaddressingabioticandbioticstressesinducedbyfutureclimaticconditions,variabilityandext remes,inclu dingnovel
climates
Output1.2.1
Understandingand
evaluatingtheresponseof
differentvarieties/cropsto
climatechangeintimeand
space,andgenerating
comprehensivestrategies
forcropimprovement
throughacombinationof
modeling,expert
consultationand
stakeholderdialogue

Milestone1.2.12013(1).Methodologicalframeworkdevelopedforassessing
theimpactofnewtechnologieswhichareadaptedtoclimatechangeconditions
includingtheirpotentialforpositivesocialandgender‐responsiveimpact;
suitableframeworkselectedbypartners/aninternationalpanel.

Milestone1.2.12013(2).Rangeofcropmodelingapproaches(toinform
breeding)developedandevaluatedforbioticandabioticconstraintsforthe
period2020to2050;findingspresentedinsummaryreportandatkey
stakeholders'meetings;*includingmodelingapproachestoevaluatethe
impactsofclimatechangeandtheeffectsofadaptationtechnologiessuchas

supplementalirrigationandwaterharvestingonwateravailabilityforcropsand
theirproductivityunderdecadalfuturesfrom2020to2050.
CIAT




UniversityofCapeTown,AfricaRice,
Bioversity,CIAT,CIP,CIMMYT,
ICARDA,ICRISAT,IITA,IWMI,
EMBRAPA,CIRAD,LeedsUniversity;
NERC(NationalEnvironmental
ResearchCouncil)
Global




EA,WA,SEA,
SAs,CA,LAM,
WANA
Output1.2.2Breeding
strategiesdisseminatedto
keynationalagenc iesand
researchpartners
3


Objective1.3:Integrateadaptationstrategiesforagriculturalandfoodsystemsintopolicyandinstitutionalframeworks
Output1.3.1Improved

institutionalarrangements
andsociallydifferentiated
adaptationplanning
approachesatthelocal
leveltoenablefarming
systemadaptation

Milestone1.3.12013.Sociallyandgender‐differentiatedknowledgedeveloped
ondistributionoflocalseedmaterial(seedsystems)andits effectivenessin
climatechangeadaptationstrategies;findingssummarizedinreports,casestudy
narrativesandseedsystemmaps
Bioversity



EA,SEA,SAs,
Global



3
ThisOutputwillhaveMilestonesinfutureyears.
10

PARTICIPATING
REGION
2
OUTPUT MILESTONES
CENTERS/PARTNERS
Output1.3.2Publicand

privatesectorpoliciesand
strategiesatthenational
leveltoenablefarming
communitiesandthefood
systemtoadaptto
predictedfutureconditions.

Milestone1.3.22013.Regionaltrainingworkshoponapproachesandmethods
forevaluatingcost/benefitofadaptationstrategiesonanationalscale.
CIAT,IWMI LAM,EA,
WA,SEA
Output1.3.3Policiesto
enableaccesstoanduseof
geneticresourcesfor
climatechangeadaptation
research,anddiffusionof
adaptedgermplasm

Milestone1.3.32013.Policyguidelinesproducedforcentersandpartnersto
addresschallengesassociatedwithobtaining,usinganddistributinggermplasm
aspartofclimatechangerelatedresearch(withparticularfocusonaddressing
challengesassociatedwithaccessandbenefitsharing,IPR,biosafetypoliciesand
laws).
Bioversity EA,WA,SAs,
LAM

ChangesmadetoObjectives,Outputs,Milestones:TheonlychangemadeistheremovalofMilestone1.1.32013(2);changedone
becauseweconsiderthattherelatedactivitiescanbegroupedundertheexistingMilestone1.3.12013.

Keypathwaystoimpact:In2013,thekeyimpactpathwaywewillfocusonisaboutensuringthatsoundscienceisincludedin sectoral,

regionalandnationaladaptationplans,buildingon theongoinginitiativesinSenegal(rice), Colombia(wholeagriculturalsector),Vietnam (rice
andaquaculture)aswellasIndia,SriLankaandNepal(wholeagriculturalsector).Theobjectivefor2013istohavedetailedadaptationplanning
ongoinginatleast1countryineachofthe5regions,andbegintosetupthepartnershipsforthistoduplicateto10in2014.Theothermajor
impactpathwayisthroughstrongengagementofthecommodityCRPstoensurethatObjective1.2onbreedingstrategiesisfullydeliveredand
resultstakenupbymajorglobalbreedingprograms.

11



Figure3.Theme1KeyPathwaystoimpactwithassumedIntermediateDevelopmentOutcomes(IDOs)indicated(finalIDOswillbeproducedduring2013)

Major communications efforts:
 The emerging storylines coming out from the Farms of the Future field studies are excellent for
communications, and efforts will be made to ensure a range of multimedia outputs following this story in Nepal, Ghana and Tanzania.
Opportunitiesforcommunicationsofinterestinganglesrelatedtonationaladaptationplanningaspertheprimaryimpactpathwayfor2013will
also be exploited.Theme 1 will continue the improvement and further development of the Adaptation and Mitigation Knowledge Network
(AMKN expandingitscontentand ensuring a close  linkage with the DataManagement Strategy to su pport and promote dissemination of all
CCAFSresearchandcommunicationoutputs.
12

Majorissuesthatneedtobetackledgoingforward:Theme1continuestostrugglewithdemonstratingonthegrou ndimpactat
thefarmingandfoodsystemlevelaschangesmadetodayfora2030areabstract.ThepaperdeliveredtotheISPonappropriateindicatorsin
April2012showsthewayahead,andtheThemewillfocusonhavingimpactthroughappropriateadaptationplansandstrategiesbeingputin
place.Itisimportantthatthe uncertaintiesinimpactsisthereforetranslatedintotheev aluation ofadaptationmechanisms thatquantify the
inherent uncertainty, and simple means of including uncertainty into adaptation planning must be developed.In 2011 the ISP supported the
developmentofanewObjective(1.3).Incentives needtobecontinuallyprovidedtostrengthenObjective1.3inthethemeportfolio,asthis is
the weakest of the three in terms of centers inputs.New partners must be brought into the CGIAR, and the policy and economics capacity
withincentersneedstobetappedintomoreeffectivelytodeliveronObjective1.3milestones.


Cross Center activities:Opportunities for large cross‐centeractivities lie in the realm of GxE analysis of data in Agtrials (Obj. 1.1: IITA,
CIMMYT, CIAT), in pest/disease modeling and response evaluation (Obj. 1.1: CIP, IITA, Bioversity, CIMMYT) and in cost/benefit analysis of
adaptationoptions(Obj.1.3:IFPRI,CIAT,AfricaRice,IWMI).Theme1hasrequested250kadditionalfundstobeusedtosupportactivitiesbuilt
aroundsettingupcollaborationswithcommodityCRPstoestablishbreedingpriorities(Obj.1.2),continuedbudgetsupporttosupportnational
adaptationplanningforSriLanka(Obj.1.3:100k,IWMI),and120 kadditionalfundstoestablishacrosscenterpost‐docpositionforGxEanalysis,
tobebasedinIITA.

Budget:TheTheme1budgetfor2013isUS$20.8million.ThelargerportionoftheCenter
Activityb udgetsgoestoTheme1witha48%.Table1showthedistributionofTheme1funds 
acrossCGCenters.Themajorportionofthebudgetedcontributionsisconcentratedinthree
Centers: Bioversity, ICRAF and ICRISAT, these three being around 56% of the total. The
Theme Leaders total budget is shown separately as well as the Regional Program Leaders
budgets which have been broken down into Themes in order to ensure that regional
activitiesareimplementedinlinewiththeagreedag enda.ThebudgetperTheme1objective
isdistributedasfollows:63%Obj.1.1,19%Obj.1.2and18%Obj.1.3.
56%oftheThemeLeaders1budgetgoestopartner s andcollaborators.







Table1.Theme12013totalbudget


13

Center
Budget

USD(000)
Share(%)
AfricaRice 419 2%
Bioversity 5,308 30%
CIAT 1,637 9%
CIFOR ‐ 0%
CIMMYT 1,458 8%
CIP 493 3%
ICARDA 1,011 6%
ICRAF 2,615 15%
ICRISAT 1,971 11%
IFPRI ‐ 0%
IITA 547 3%
ILRI 513 3%
IRRI 385 2%
IWMI 1,323 7%
WorldFish 22 0%
Centersubtotal 17,701 100%
ThemeLeaders 1,553
RegionalProgramLeaders 1,545
Total 20,800
3. Theme 2:
Adaptation
through
Managing
Climate
Risk
ThemeLeader:
JamesHansen(IRI)


Background:
Managing the risk associated with climate variability is integral to a comprehensive strategy for adapting
agricultureandfoodsystemstoachangingclimate.Since manyoftheprojectedimpactsofclimatechangeareamplificationsof
the substantial challenges that climate variability already imposes on agriculture, better managing the risk associated with
climatevariabilityprovidesanimmediateopportunity tobuildresiliencetofutureclimatechange.Theme2enablespromising
innovations for managing climate‐related agricultural risk and enhancing resilience at levels ranging from farm households to
foodsystems,andaddressesgapsandsupportsimprovementstoclimate‐relatedinformationproductsandservicesthatenable
arangeofagriculturalriskmanagementinterventions.

Objectives:

Objective2.1:Identifyandtestinnovationsthatenableruralcommunitiestobettermanageclimate‐relatedriskandbuildmoreresilientlivelihoods
IntermediateIndicator:
Onetofiveflagshipriskmanagementinterventionsevaluated
anddemonstratedbyfarmersandagenciesatbenchmark
locationsinthreeregions
KeyStaff:
JamesHansen(ThemeLeader‐‐ 33%),KevinCoffey(Science
Officer‐‐ 33%)
Majorpartnersandtheirroles:
U.ofFlorida(genderandPAR);NARSinEthiopia,Kenya,India,
Bangladesh,Nepal,Ghana,andSenegal(participatoryaction
research)
Objective2.2:Identifyandtesttoolsandstrategiestouseadvanceinformationtobettermanageclimateriskthroughfooddelivery,tradeandcrisis
response
IntermediateIndicator:
Threefoodcrisisresponse,post‐crisisrecovery,andfoodtrade
anddeliverystrategiestestedandevaluatedwithpartnerfood
systemorganizationsinthreeregions
KeyStaff:

JamesHansen(ThemeLeader‐‐ 33%),KevinCoffey(Science
Officer‐‐ 33%),MichaelSheinkman(CCAFS‐funded
secondmentfromWFP‐‐ 100%)
Majorpartnersandtheirroles:
UNWorldFoodProgramme,SustainableDevelopmentPolicy
Institute,NepalDevelopmentResearchInstitute(climate‐food
securitydynamicatlases);StrategicAsia,UNDP(regionaltrade,
stocksanddistributionpolicy);GeoSAS(governmentfood
securitydecision‐makinginEthiopia);FoodSecurity
InformationNetwork,USAID‐FEWSNET(climateinputinto
foodsecurityinformation)

14


Objective2.3:Supportriskmanagementthroughenhancedpredictionofclimateimpactsonagriculture,andenhancedclimateinformationandservices
IntermediateIndicator:
Nationalmeteorologicalservicesandregionalclimatecenters
trainedandequippedtoproducedownscaledseasonal
forecastproductsforruralcommunitiesintwocountriesin
eachofthreeregions
KeyStaff:
JamesHansen(ThemeLeader‐‐ 33%),KevinCoffey(Science
Officer‐‐ 33%),ArameTall(CCAFS‐fundedscientist,basedat
ICRISAT‐‐ 100%)
Majorpartnersandtheirroles:
ClimateServicesPartnership(networking,communication,
knowledgemanagement,workshopco‐sponsor);USAID(Mali
agrometeorlogicalserviceevaluation,workshop);AsiaRisk
Center,WashingtonStateU.(cropandrangelandforecasting

tooldevelopment);NASA‐JPL,FutureWater,JRC(data
assimilationforcropforecasting);KansasStateU.(biological
threatearlywarning);IRI‐ColumbiaU.(seasonalforecasting,
cropforecasting,meteorologicaldatareconstruction);U.
Reading,PrincetonU.(meteorologicaldatareconstruction)
2013Milestones:
OUTPUT MILESTONES
PARTICIPATING
CENTERS/PARTNERS
REGION
Objective2.1:Identifyandtesti nnovatio nsthatenableruralcommunitiestobettermanageclimate‐relatedriskandbuildmoreresilientlivelihoods
Output2.1.1Synthesized
knowledgeandevidenceon
innovativeriskmanagement
strategiesthatfosterresilient
rurallivelihoodsandsustaina
foodsecureenvironment

Milestone2.1.12013
.
Knowledgesynthesisdeepened,reportedand
communicatedforthreegender‐andsocially‐equitableclimateriskmanagement
interventions;Climate‐relatedrisksandvulnerabilitiestofourkeyagricultural
commoditiesand/orsyst emsreported
.

Bioversity,ICARDA,ICRAF,IFPRI,
ILRI,U.Florida,regional(e.g.
ECOWAS,IGAD,AIC)andnational
policydecisionmakers(e.g.,

CNEDD‐Mali,CONEDD‐BF,CSE‐
Senegal,ANE‐MaliinWA)
SAs,EA,and
WA
Output2.1.2Analytical
frameworkandtoolstotarget
andevaluaterisk
managementinnovationsfor
resilientrurallivelihoods
improvedfoodsecurity

Milestone2.1.22013
.
Householdmodelingtoolstestedandadaptedfor
evaluatingimpactsofclimateriskandriskmanagementinterventionsonrural
livelihoodresiliencein2countries;Modelsforcropandwatermanagement
appliedtoclimateriskanditsmanagementin4countries.
AfricaRice,CIMMYT,CIP,IFPRI,
ILRI,WorldFish,PennsylvaniaState
U.,U.Tasmania
SAs,EA,and
WA
Output2.1.3Development;
anddemonstrationofthe
feasibility,acceptabilityand
impacts;ofinnovativerisk

Milestone2.1.32013(1).

Gender‐andsocially‐equitableparticipatoryevaluation

ofriskmanagementinterventions,at2locationsineachofEA,WAandSA;
Assessmentoftransferabilityandequityoftraditionalriskmanagement
ILRI,CIMMYT,ICARDA,ICRAF,
ICRISAT,IFPRI,WorldFish,U.
Florida,andparticipatory
SAs,EA,and
WA

15


managementstrategiesand
actionsforsocially‐
differentiatedrural
communities
strategiesandaccesstoservicesat2locationseachinEA,WAandSA;
Methodologyguidelinesforparticipatoryevaluationofclimateriskmanagement
strategiesandtheirgenderandsocialequity;Methodologyandlessonsfrom
initialsitesappliedto4additionallocations

Milestone2.1.32013(2).Gender‐andsociallyequitableparticipatory
demonstrationandevaluationofimpactsofpromisingproductionandNRM
technologies,andproductionsystems,onlivelihoodriskandresilienceintheface
ofclimatevariability,deepenedin5countries.

Milestone2.1.32013(3).Gender‐andsociallyequitableparticipatory
demonstrationandevaluationofimpactsofsocialcapital,institutionaland
financialservices,andpolicyinterventions,onlivelihoodriskandresilienceinthe
faceofclimatevariability,deepenedin5countries.
demonstrationprojectteams

(NMS,NARS,otherresearch
partners,developmentNGOs,
farmerassociations)forbenchmark
locations













SAs,EA,and
WA



SAs,EA,and
WA
Objective2.2:Identifyandtesttoolsandstrategiestouseadvanceinformationtobettermanageclimateriskthroughfooddelivery,tradeandcrisisresponse
Output2.2.1Enhanced
knowledge,toolsand 
evidencetosupportimproved
managementofthefood
system(e.g.,fooddelivery,

trade,crisisresponse,post‐
crisisrecovery)inthefaceof
climatefluctuations

Milestone2.2.12013;Policy‐orientedanalysisofclimateimpactsonfood
securitycomponents,andgender‐andsocially‐differentiatedcostsandbenefits
ofalternativefoodsecurityinterventions,communicatedwithkeyfoodsystem
stakeholders.;Foodsystemdecisionmakersengagedinrefiningandtesting
decisionsupporttoolsforfoodsecurityresponsestrategies.
ILRI,IFPRI,IRRI,GEOSAS,WFP,
FSIN,UNDP,NDR I,StrategicAsia,I
FEWSNET,relevantlineministries
(e.g.MoA,MoE),otherrelevant
regionalandnationalfoodsystem
andfoodsecurityresponse
organizations
SAs,EA,and
WA
Objective2.3:Supportriskmanagementthroughenhancedpredictionofclimateimpactsonagriculture,andenhancedclimateinformationandservices
Output2.3.1Improved,value‐
addedclimateinformation
products,knowledge,tools,
methods;andplatformsfor
monitoringandpredicting
impactsofclimate
fluctuationsonagricultural
productionandbiological
threats;tosupport
managementofagricultural
andfoodsecurityrisk


Milestone2.3.12013.Historicgriddeddailymeteorologicaldatasetsdeveloped
andevaluated,andinstitutionalcapacityenhanced,in2countriesorregional
institutions;Crop/rangelandforecastingtoolsdeveloped;Institutionsin4
countriesengagedtodevelopandtestcropforecastingtoolstailoredtopriority
cropsandlocalneeds.

CIP,CIMMYT,AGRHYMET,ACMAD,
CEREGE,EthiopiaNMA,ANAMS
(Senegal),AsiaRiskCenter,
WashingtonStateU.,IRI,NASA‐JPL,
FutureWater,KansasStateU.,
BARC,NARC,ICAR,FAO,JR C,
EMBRAPA,IITA,ICIPE
SAs,EA,and
WA
16


Output2.3.2Synthesized
knowledgeandevidence
oninstitutional
arrangementsand
communicationprocesses
forenhancingclimate
servicesforagricultureand
foodsecurity,including
servicesthatreac h
marginalizedfarmersand
women


Milestone2.3.22013.Evaluationofagrometeorlogicaladvisoryservicesin2countries;
Testedprotocolsfordesigningandcommunicatingsalientclimateinformationwith
ruralcommunities,withattentiontotheneedsofwomenandsociallymarginalized;
Summaryreportongenderandsocialequityofclimateinformationsourcesand
deliverymechanisms,andpolicyadvicetoenableequitableaccess;Synthesisreporton
status,gaps,opportunitiesforclimateservicesforagricultureandfoodsecurityinEA,
WA,SA.
CIMMYT,ICRISAT,IWMI,
USAID,IndiaMeteorological
Department,Meteo‐Mali,IER
(Mali),WorldVision,pilot
demonstrationprojectteams
(NMS,NARS,NGOs,farmer
association,researchpartners)
tobedevelopedforeach
benchmarklocation
SAs,EA,andWA
Changes madeto Objectives,Outputs, Milestones:  No major changes in strategy were made in 2012.Minor adjustments to
severalMilestonesreflectchangesinemphasisandemergingopportunities,particularlyunderObjectives2.2and2.3.

Keypathwaystoimpact: Under Objective 2.1, emphasis will be onconnecting participatory and strategic researchontwo climate risk
management interventions, with development organizations interested in scaling up.We have initiated discussion with World Vision about
scalingupsupportforfarm‐leveluseofclimateforecastinformationinTanzania,buildingonongoingparticipatoryactionresearchinKenyaand
Senegal.WewillrespondtoexpressedinterestbyWorldVisionandothercorepartnersoftheClimateServicesPartnership,incurriculumand
guidancematerialsoncommunicatinglocallyusefulclimateinformation.Wearealsoworkingtowardpartnershipandleveragingopportunities
withseveraldevelopment‐focusedagriculturalindexinsuranceinitiatives,involvingUSAID,IFAD,WFP,Oxfam,USAID,theinsurancesector,and
others.A focus on gender equity challenges will support improved utilization by women, of information and financial services needed to
manageriskatat‐leastoneCCAFSsiteineachregion.UnderObje ctive2.2,wewillfocusontwokeyimpactpathwaysin2013.Thefirstwillbe
work with sub‐national government decision‐makers in Ethiopia to introduce use of cli mate‐related information for more timely decisions

relatedtofoodsecurity,andprovideevidenceoftherisksandbenefitsofearlieractionbasedonadvanceinformation.Thesecondistobring
advanceinformationaboutclimate impactsonfoodproductionandpricesinto theongoingIPC(IntegratedPhaseClassificationforfoodsecurity)
processinSouthAsia.UnderObjective2.3,analysisofexistingclimateinformationinitiatives,andevaluationofrelativelymatureprogramsin
Indiaand Maliwill informgoodpracticeguidance, andinvestments inclimateservices foragriculture  andfood security.TheClimate Services
Partnership(CSP)providesaneffectiveplatformforengaging andinfluencinganetworkofresearchers,informationproviders,communication 
intermediaries,donors, andtheUNGlobalFrameworkforClimateServices.CCAFShasbegunworkingwithUSAID,undertheCSPumbrella,ona
strategyforstrengtheningclimateservicesforagricultureinSahelianWestAfrica.

Majorcommunicationsefforts:Theme2issupportingnewcommunications platformsbasedonthe“CommunityofPractice”modelto
bring CGIAR scientists and Global Change Research partners, working on key thematic areas (e.g., index‐based insurance, climate services for
17

farmers, livelihood diversification,  crop and food security forecasting), together to share knowledge and best practices, identify gaps and
opportunities, as well as establishcommon methodologies.A high‐profileworkshoponScaling Up Climate Services forFarmers in Africa and
SouthAsia(Dakar,Senegal,10‐12December2012)willengageabroadsetofstakeholdersworkingonclimate‐relatedinformationforfarmers,
and foster collaboration and investment, and lead to outreach to potential policy, implementation and funding  partners in 2013.The
communication effort to the climate services community will include a set of videos tha t highlighting farmers’ voices on climate‐related
challengesandtheirexperiencewithclimateinformationinIn diaandMali.

Majorissuesthatneedtobetackledgoingforward:

In 2013, ongoing initiatives will emphasize gender‐focused participatory action research around climate risk management interventions, and 
linking this work to development partners; development of household modeling tools and capacity for evaluating risk management
interventions, crop forecasting tools and capacity development; and strengthening climate information services for agriculture.Theme 2 will
alsointroduceanewfocusonpredictingthefoodsecurityimpactsofclimatefluctuations,integratingworkonseasonalclimateprediction,crop
andrangelandforecasting,forecastingpriceresponsetoproductionshocks,anddisaggregatedestimationofimpactsonconsumptionandfood
security outcomes.Results will be packaged in terms of the now widely‐accepted Integrated Phase Classification (IPC) system; and the IPC
process will be an entry point for introducing new predictive information into existing food security decision processes.Although individual
modeling components existwithin the CGIARand itspartners (FAO, WFP,IRI), additionalfinancialresourcesare needed tobring the partners
togetherandsupporttheintegration.


Twomajorissuesneedto betackled:(1)Participatorydesignandtesting ofportfoliosofriskmanagementstrategiesatbenchmark sites,and
evaluation at higher system levels  (e.g., household), is an important part of the strategy under Objective 2.1.A significant portionof Center
activityunderTheme2involvestestingpotentiallyrelevantproduction technologyorotherriskmanagementinterventions.However,progress
at consolidating thiswork around  participatory action research at CCAFS siteshas been slow. More effective incentives are needed to either
accelerate the process, or shift resources toward more strategic work.(2) In 2012, additional investments directed by the ISP to strengthen
under‐developed Theme components supported a food security information expert seconded from WFP to strengthen CCAFS work and
partnerships at the interf ace of climate risk and food security management (Object ive 2.2); and a new scientist hired though ICRISAT to
strengthen and coordinate work on climate services for agricultureand food security across the program (Objective 2.3).These investments
havestartedtocorrecttheimbalanceacrossTheme2Objectives.Yetwithonlyonerelevantactivityin2012Center2012workplans,workat
theleveloffoodsystems(Objective2.2)remainsparticularlyunder‐resourcedwithintheCenters.Thesituationshouldimproveoverthecoming
yearsasnewexternalpartnershipsandfundingopportunitiespromptinvestmentwithinCenters,butthiswillrequireextendingsupportforthe
secondedexpertandembeddinghiminaCenter.

18

CrossCenteractivities:Theme2includesseverallargeprojects thatinvolvemultipleCenters.Asystematicreviewofdiversificationasa
riskmanagementstrategy;involvingBioversity,ICRAF,ICARDA,ILRI,CIFORandWorldFish;demonstratesthepotentialforknowledgesynthesis
activitiestoidentifyandengageinterestedresearchersacrossCenters.Theme2isworkingtoinitiatecross‐Centercommunitiesofpracticeina
fewstrategicresearchareas:index‐basedagriculturalinsurance,riskmanagementthroughdiversification,andclimat einformation and
advisoriesforfarmers.

Budget:TheTheme2budgetfor2013isUS$8million.15%oftheCenterActivitybudget
goes to this Theme. Table 2  shows the distribution of Theme 2 funds across CG Centers.
ThemajorportionofthebudgetedcontributionsisconcentratedinfiveCenters:CIMMYT,
CIP,ICRISAT, ILRI and WORLDFISH, these five being almost 68% of the total. The Theme
Leader totalbudgetisshown separately aswellas the Regional ProgramLeaders budgets
which havebeen broken downinto Themes in order toensure that regional activitiesare
implemented in line with the agreed agenda. The budget per. Theme 2 objective is
distributedasfollows:50%Obj.2.1,13%Obj.2.2and38%Obj2.3.

Center
Budget
USD(000)
Share
(%)
AfricaRice 228 4%
Bioversity ‐ 0%
CIAT ‐ 0%
CIFOR ‐ 0%
CIMMYT 972 17%
CIP 775 14%
ICARDA 277 5%
ICRAF 490 9%
ICRISAT 705 13%
IFPRI 247 4%
IITA ‐ 0%
ILRI 600 11%
IRRI 112 2%
IWMI 470 8%
WorldFish 731 13%
Centersubtotal 5,606 100%
ThemeLeader 1,201
Region
Tota
alProgramLeaders 1,287
l 8,094
30%oftheThemeLeader2budgetgoestopartnersandcollabora tors  

Table2.Theme22013totalbudget
19


4. Theme 3:
Pro-poor
Climate
Change
Mitigation

ThemeLeader:
LiniWollenberg(UniversityofVermont)

Background:
Theme 3 examineshow to achieve climatechange mitigation inways that benefit poorfarmers and examines
thetrade‐offsthatmitigationmayinvolve,especiallywiththeintensificationofagriculture.Twowindowsofopportunityexistfor
pro‐poormitigation.Thefirstisthedesignoflownetemissionsagriculturaldevelopmentpathways.Thesecondisincreasing the
capacityofthepoor(includingmenandwomen)tobenefitfromcarbonfinancingandotherincentives,includingbutnotlimited
to carbon markets. While the largest potential for agricultural mitigation is among smallholders in developing countries,
smallholders usually cannot afford the initial capital costs of a transition in practices or carbon market project development,
perceive high risks in doing so, encounter data unavailability, and manage diversified mixed crop‐livestock systems for which
emissions are poorly understood and emissions accounting systems do not yet exist. CCAFS has a comparative advantage in
investigating synergies between agricultural mitigation and adaptation, developing generalizations across a range of
agroecosystemsandregions,anddevelopingintegratedwhole‐farmandlandscapeapproaches.

Objectives:



Objective3.1:Informdecisionmakersabouttheimpactsofalternativeagriculturaldevelopmentpathways
IntermediateIndicator:
Findingsandevaluationtoolsonmitigationandlivelihoods
benefitsofalternativeagriculturaldevelopmentpathways

usedbyglobalagenciesanddecision‐makersintwocountries
ineachofthethreeregions
KeyStaff:
iniWollenberg(ThemeLeader– 33%),TBD(ScienceOfficer–
25%),TBD(ResearchProgramAssistant– 33%),Christopher
Clement(ResearchAssistant– 25%)
Majorpartnersandtheirroles:
CGcenters–IFPRI,ILRI,CIAT,IITA(research);IIASA
(modeling);WOCAN,FAO(capacitydevelopmentand
informationsharing);ENRAfricaandNGOsinthreeregions
involvedintheCCAFScompetitivesmallgrantsprogram
(research)


Objective3.2:Identifyinstitutionalarrangementsandincentivesthatenablesmallholderfarmersandcommon‐poolresourceuserstoreduceGHGs and
improvelivelihoods
IntermediateIndicator:
Decision‐makersinthreeregionsbetterinformedregarding
optionsandpolicychoicesforincentivizingandrewarding
smallholdersforGHGemissionreductions
KeyStaff:
LiniWollenberg(ThemeLeader– 33%),TBD(ScienceOfficer–
25%),ChristopherClement(ResearchAssistant– 50%),TBD
(ResearchProgramAssistant– 33%),
Majorpartnersandtheirroles:
CGcenters–IFPRI,CIMMYT,IRRI(research);Ecotrust,Vi
Agroforestry,CARE,Humbo(PARoninstitutionaldesigns,
policyandfinance;capacitybuilding,trialoffinance/incentive
mechanisms);ICRAF,EcoAgriculturePartners,U.ofMichigan
(research)

20



Objective3.3:Testandidentifydesirableon‐farmpracticesandtheirlandscape‐levelimplications
IntermediateIndicator:
GHGquantificationcommonprotocolandmonitoring
guidelinesforsmallholderagricultureindevelopingcountries
producedandcontributingtoglobalstandards
KeyStaff:
LiniWollenberg(ThemeLeader– 33%),TBD(ScienceOfficer–
50%),ChristopherClement(ResearchAssistant– 25%),TBD
(ResearchProgramAssistant– 33%),
Majorpartnersandtheirroles:
CGcenters–ICRAF,ILRI,IRRI,IFPRI,CIAT(commonprotocol
forGHGmeasurementandidentificationofmitigation
options,mitigationfeasibility);FAO,ColoradoState
University,UniqueForestry,DukeUniversity,Winrock
International,DNDCArt,GlobalResearchAlliance,CLIFF,and
theUniversityofKansas(methodsforGHGmonitoringand
accountingroles)
2013Milestones:

OUTPUT MILESTONES PARTICIPATINGCENTERS/PARTNERS REGION
Objective3.1.Informdecisionmakersabouttheimpactsofalternativeagriculturaldevelopmentpathways
Output3.1.1Analysisofagricultural
developmentpathwaysandtrade‐offs

Milestone3.1.12013.Analysisofmitigationtrade‐offsfor
agriculturaldevelopmentpathwaysin3‐6countries(CIAT,

IFPRI,T3).

CIAT,CIMMYT,IFPRI,NARSinColombia,
Nicaragua,BurkinaFasoandGuinea;
MinistryofAgriculture,Kenya.
AllCCAFS
regions
Output3.1.2Enhancedtools,dataand
analyticcapacityinregional and
nationalpolicyandresearch
organizationstoanalyzemitigation
sectorsandagriculturaldevelopment
options

Milestone3.1.22013.Capacitybuildingofdecisionmakers
andnationalstakeholdersinuseofappropriatetools,data
andknowledge(ILRI,T3).

GlobalResearchAlliance.NARIs,Univ ersity
ofCaliforniaBerkeley,Prolinnova,WOCAN,
UniqueForestry.
AllCCAFS
regions
Objective3.2:Identifyinstitutionalarrangementsandincentivesthatenabl esmallholderfarmersandcommon‐poolresourceuserstoreduceGHGsandimprove
livelihoods
Output3.2.1Evidence,analysisand
trialstosupportinstitutionaldesigns,
policyandfinancethatwilldeliver
benefitstopoorfarmersandwomen,
andreduceGHGemissions


Milestone3.2.12013(1).Researchestablishedoneconomic
incentivesandbenefitsformitigationpractices(CIMMYT,
ILRI,IITA).LinkedtoMilestone3.3.1(2013‐2015).




SIMLESAProject(Africa)CSISA project(SAS‐
Asia),IITA,ICARDA,ICAR,EIAR,KARI,UMB‐
USA,UMB‐Norway,IFRIandUniversityof
Michigan,MakarereUniversity,ILRI,IFPRI,
CIMMYT,IRRI,ICRAF,localresearch
partnersinbenchmarksitecountries.
SAs,EA
21


Milestone3.2.12013(2).Testingofinstitutional
arrangementsforcarbonfinance,marketsandmitigation
standards(T3,IFPRI)LinkedtoCRP6.4.

NARS,IPAM,FOE,UniversityofMichigan,
IFRI,GAR,Greenomics.
Output3.2.2Improvedcapacityto
increasetheuptakeandimprovethe 
designofincentivesmechanismsand
institutionalarrangementstodeliver
benefitstopoorfarmersandwomen


Milestone3.2.22013.Decision‐makersintargetregions
betterinformedregardingpolicyoptionsandgender
implicationsforincentivizingandrewardingsmallholdersfor
GHGemissionreductions

Governmentagencies,Universitynetworks. EA,WA,SEA
Objective3.3:Testandidentifydesirableon‐farmpracticesandtheirlandscape‐levelimplications
Output3.3.1Analysisofmitigation
biophysicalandsocioeconomic
feasibilityfordifferentagricultural
practicesandregio ns,andimpactson
emissions,livelihoodsandfood
security

Milestone3.3.12013.Assessmentoffeasibilityandimpacts
formitigationpracticesonfarms:(i)soilcarbondynamics
underdifferentmanagementpractices(EA,SAS,Mexico)
andirrigatedfarmingsystemsinrice‐wheatandmaize‐
legumesystems(SAS,Mexico)(CIMMYT);(ii)waterand
nutrientmanagementandavoidedstrawburninginrice‐
basedproductionsystems(IRRI);(iii)agro‐silvi‐horti‐
pastoralfarmingsyste msinIndia(ICRAF);(iv)majorcropsof
Sub‐SaharanAfrica,coffeeandcocoaagroforestry(IITA);(v)
drylandJatrophasites(ICRISAT);(v)pastureandcoffee
systems(CIAT,withIFPRI);(vi)landusechange,land
rehabilitation,andpeatlandmanagementunderoilpalm
(CIFOR);(vii)biochar,integratedsmallholderagroforestry,
smallholderbiofuelproduction(ICRAF);(viii)livestock,
rangelands(ILRI).Seealso3.2.12013(2)onbiochar(IFPRI).


NARIsineachregion,CIMMYT,IFPRI,
ICRISAT,ILRI,CIFOR,ICRAF,CIP,IITA,CIAT,
IRRI.
AllCCAFS
regions,LAC,
SEA


Output3.3.2.Methodsdevelopedand
validatedforGHGmonitoringand
accountingatfarmandlandscapelevel
tocontributetocomplianceand
voluntarymarketstandards

Milestone3.3.22013.Researchestablishedtodevelopa
protocolforquantificationofwholefarmandlandscape
GHGemissionsamongsmallholders(ICRAF,ILRI,IRRI,
CIMMYT,CIAT,T3).LinkedtoMilestones3.3.12013‐15,
3.2.12013andT4.2.

ColoradoStateUniversity,T‐AGG,Global
ResearchAlliance,KarlsruheInstituteof
Technology,MasenoUniversity,NARSin
Kenya,PhilippinesandVietnam,Duke
University,ICRAF.
EA
Output3.3.3Enhancedcapacityforthe
useanddevelopmentofmonitoring
andaccountingmethodsandassessing
feasibilityandimpactsinregionaland

nationalresearchinstitutions

Milestone3.3.32013.Workinggroupsandnetworks
establishedinthreeregionstodevelopmethodsfor
managementandMRVofGHGemissions(EA,WA,SAS).

ILRI,GlobalResearchAlliance,NARSinMali,
Ghana,Kenya,Ethiopia,Bangladeshand
Nepal,AarhusUniversity,CLIFFPhDstudent
network.
EA,WA,SAs
22

ChangesmadetoObjectives,Outputs,andMilestones:Milestoneshavebeensimplifiedforreadabilityandaccommodationof
activities across centers.Details now appear in deliverables column.Mo st centers overestimated what could be accomplished in 2012, so a
numberofmilestonesfrom2012havebeenextendedto2013and2014,andsubsequentmilestonesrescheduledmorerealistically..

Keypathwaystoimpact:Keypathways for pro‐poor mitigation are: (a) In EastAfrica, linking farm, carbon project and national policy‐
level participatory action research to demonstrate opportunities for carbon finance to support improved yields, incomes and farmer self‐
determination (linked to Theme 4.1 work with CARE); (b) Collaboration with agri‐businesses in Brazil (livestock) and Indonesia (oil palm) to
develop institutional arrangements for supply chains to halt agricultural conversion of forests, in partnership with the Prince’s Charities
International Sustainability Unit to support learning among  6‐10 similar initiatives globally (b) Developing methods for quantifying GHGs at
wholefarmandlandscapelevelstoidentifymitigationoptionsinKenya,Philippines,Vietnam,andpossiblyColombiaandIndiaincollaboration
with5‐7CGIARcenters,nationaluniversitiesandagencies,andleadinginternationalmethodsdevelopersandusers,includingtheUNFCCC,FAO,
and Global Research Alliance; linked to CLIFF PhD network and GHG working groups in regions; and (c) Synthesizing the evidence needed to
demonstratethe feasibility,impacts, andrequiredconditionsforagriculturalmitigation toadvance internationalattention tomitigation inthe
IPCCandinCOPandSBSTAmeetings.

Figure4providesanexampleofamoredetailedpathwayforimprovingsmallholderbenefitsfromcarbonmarkets.


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Figure4.Impactpathwayforinfluencinghowcarbonmarketsservesmallholderfarmers
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OpportunitiesshapingTheme3’splanfor2013include(i)AgricultureisontheUNFCCCagenda,suggestingthepossibilityofaworkprogram;(ii)
increased attention to agricultural mitigation by multilateral organizations (World Bank, FAO), donors (CLUA, DFID), and the private sector
through the Climate Smart Agriculture Partnership;  (iii) the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5); and (iv) Global Research Alliance capacity
buildingprograms.Theme3’semphasisin2013isasfollows:Objective3.1:(a)Developdecisionsupporttoolsandanalysisatthegloballevelto
testtheroleofagriculturalemissionsinmeetingclimatechangetargetsand(b )supportnationalprioritizationofmitigationoptionsin Kenyaand
Colombia Objective 3.2: Identify incentives and ins titutions at the national and household levels through improving national planning for
NationallyAppropriateMitigationActionsandthequantificationofincentivesformitigationpracticesacrossCCAFSsitesinEAfrica,WAfricaand
IGP;andObjective3.3:Developa protocoltoidentifymitigationoptionsforsmallholdersinSEAsiaandEAfrica.Ourcross‐centerinitiativeswill
focusontheGHGprotocolandframeworksforintegratedapproachestoadaptationandmitigation.

Major communications efforts: In 2013, we will share key findings from (1) the GHG quantification protocol and results of our
synthesesin2010‐2012 ofquantification of GHGwith usersin the regions, and(2) theresults ofour synthesesin 2010‐2012 ofincentives for
mitigation.WewillalsodevelopimprovedinternalcommunicationsamongCGscientistsandpartners.

Major issues that need to be tackled going forward: Major ongoing initiatives are a protocol for GHG quantification and
identificationof mitigationoptions  forwholefarmsandlandscapes(CGIAR, 3years,170Kin2013)andclimatefinance (IFPRI,3 years,150Kin
2013).Newinitiativesareintegratedassessment,decisionsupportandprioritysettingformitigationinagriculture(IIASA,3years,140Kforfirst
year);aframeworkforidentifyingandscalingupwomen’sinnovationsinmitigationandadaptationatbenchmarksites(TBD,3years,100Kfor
firstyear);technicalsupporttopolicymakerstotestaagriculturalNAMAinKenya(MoAKenya,FAOMICCA,withCRP6.4,100K).

Themainissuesto betackledareasfollows:(1)Theneedforaregionalstrategytotakeintoconsiderationdifferentpotentials,capacities,and
politicalwill among countries.To address thisissue, modelling andremote sensingwill be conducted to identifymitigation potentials globally
togetherwithT4.2.(2 )Althoughprogresshadbeenmade,mostofthefocusofCenters’workcontinuestobeonthetechnicaldevelopmentof
practicesthatreduceGHGsorincreasecarbonsequestration.Moreworkisneededunder3.1and3.2.Provisionhasbeenmadeforanewstaff
positionon climatefinancetotackle Objective3.2 butas yetthepost hasnotbeenfilled,despitetworounds ofinterviews.IFPRIis usingthe
funds instead to commission work on (a) a review of country readiness for NAMA finance and (b) refining earlier analysis of the scope of

corporate social responsibility programs with mitigation elements and how to mainstream these.Additional 3.1 and 3.2 work in 2012 has 
includedestablishmentofpartnersandsitesinIndonesiaandBrazilforunderstandingincentivesandinstitutionalarrangementsforsustainable
management of agricultural commodities inagriculture‐forest landscapes; a globalreviewpaper, policy briefand workshop on lowemissio ns 
developmentandnationalmitigationplanning,includingNAMAsandareviewpaperonpaymentsforecosystemservicesinthelivestocksector.
(3) Big gaps continue to exist inthe analysis of trade‐offs, which will be addressed in the 2013 CCAFS science workshop. (4) Centers’ impact
pathwaysareunclear,andmoreeffortisneededtosupportcommunicationsandstakeholderinvolvementamongcenters.

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Cross‐Center initiatives: GHG quantification protocol (ICRAF, ILRI, IRRI, CIMMYT, CIAT, CIFOR), Adaptation and mitigation trade‐offs
framework(IFPRI,CIAT,IITA).

Budget:TheTheme3budgetfor2013isUS$9.3million.19%oftheCenterActivitybudget
goestothisTheme.Table3showsthedistributionofTheme3fundsacrossCGCenters.The
major portion of the budgeted contributions is concentrated in six Centers: CIAT, CIFOR,
CIMMYT,ICRAF,IITAandILRI,thesesixbeingalmost84%ofthetotal.TheThemeLeader total
budget is shown separately as well as the Regional Program Leaders budgets, which have
beenbroken downinto Themesin orderto ensurethatregional activitiesare implemented
inline with theagreed agenda.The budget perTheme3objective isdistributed as follows:
16%Obj.3.1,10%Obj.3.2and74%Obj.3.3.28%ofThemeLeader3budgetgoestopartners
andcollaborators.
Center
Budget
USD(000)
Share
(%)
AfricaRice ‐ 0%
Bioversity ‐ 0%
CIAT 740 11%
CIFOR 806 12%

CIMMYT 837 12%
CIP ‐ 0%
ICARDA ‐ 0%
ICRAF 1,511 22%
ICRISAT 210 3%
IFPRI 534 8%
IITA 883 13%
ILRI 921 14%
IRRI 377 6%
IWMI ‐ 0%
WorldFish ‐ 0%
Centersubtotal 6,818 100%
ThemeLeader 1,200
RegionalProgramLeaders 1,222
40Total 9,2

Table3.Theme32013totalbudget
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