Báo cáo khoa học: Sự tiếp nhận văn học Nhật Bản ở Việt Nam docx

sir TIEP NHAN VAN HOC NHAT BAN
0
VIET NAM
HAV&NLUdNG'
J
rong hoat ddng van hgc, cung vdi
mdi quan he giua tac pham vdi hien
thue,
tac phdm vdi nha van, mdi quan he
giiia tac phdm va ban dgc ciing ddng mgt vai
trd rat quan trgng trong quy trinh van hdnh
tir bien thue - nha van - tdc pham den ban
dgc.
Nghien ciiu qua trinh tilp nhan vdn hgc
nhung tac pham van chuang ddi vdi ddc gia
trong nhirng thap nien vira qua cho den ngdy
nay van la mdt van de hay cdn mdi me vd
hap dan d nudc ta. Tuy nhien, khi ndi den
tiep nhan van hgc, chung ta khdng chi
nghien ciru sir tiep nhan cua ddc gia Viet
Nam ddi vdi van hgc dan tdc qua cdc thdi ky
md cdn phai nghien ciru qua trinh tiep nhdn
nhtrng tinh hoa cua van hgc the gidi nham bd
sung, lam phong phu, da dang nen vdn hgc
nudc nha.
van bgc Nhat Ban la mdt trong nhung
nen van bgc Idn cua Chau A vd cd vj tri
xiing dang trong ngdi nha chung cua vdn hgc
the gidi. Anh hudng cua nen van hda, van
bgc Nhat Ban ddi vdi nhieu nudc trong khu
vuc va mdt sd nudc khac tren the gidi da de

lai dau an kha sau sac
La mdt nudc nam trong he ddng van cua
Chau A, Viet Nam ciing da chju anh hudng
va tilp nhan van hgc Nhat Ban tir rat sdm vd
trai qua nhtrng giai doan khac nhau gdn vdi
tiln trinh Ijch sii xa hdi cua hai dan tdc Sir
tilp nhan vdn hgc Nhat Ban d Viet Nam
cung nhu tiep nhan vdn hgc d mgt sd nudc
khac nhu van hgc Nga, van hgc Trung Qudc,
van hgc Phap, van hgc My la mgt van de
rdt Idn ddi hdi phai cd mgt sir nghien ciiu lau
*
Giang vien chinh, Dai hpc Khoa hpc HuS
dai,
nghiem tiic va khoa hgc. Trong khudn
khd mgt bai nghien cuu, chiing tdi bude ddu
phdc thao sir tiep nhan van hgc Nhat Ban d
Viet Nam tren mdt sd phuang dien: qud trinh
tiep nhan qua cac thdi ky; van de djch thuat,
bien djch, bien soan; van de nghien cuu vd
gidng day vdn hgc Nhat Ban Vd cudi
cung, tren co sd nhtrng van de da trinh bay,
chung tdi dua ra mdt sd ket luan, ddnh gid vd
de xuat y kien ddi vdi viec quang bd vdn bgc
Nhat Ban d Viet Nam trong thdi gian qua va
tuomg lai sap tdi.
1.
Qua trinh tiep nhan van hop Nhat
Ban a Viet Nam
Van hgc Nhat Ban den Viet Nam mugn

born so vdi mdt sd nen vdn hgc khac den tu
Chau A, Chdu Au va Phuang Tay (vdn hgc
Trung Qudc, van bgc Nga, van hgc Phap).
Theo chung tdi, van hgc Nhat Ban dugc tiep
nhan d Viet Nam trong khoang hom mdt the
ky nay (tir nhumg thap nien dau the ky XX
den nhung nam dau the ky XXI). Trong thdi
gian ban mdt tram nam dd, sir tiep nhan vdn
hgc Nhat Ban qua cac giai doan nhu sau:
- Tir nhirng nam dau the ky XX din nam
(1954)
- Tir ndm 1955 den nam 1975
- Tir 1975 den cudi the ky XX va nhumg
nam dau the ky XXI
J.I. Glal dogn tir nhirng ndm ddu thi ky
XX din ndm (1954)
Theo nhieu ngudn sii lieu dl lai thi moi
bang giao Viet - Nhat cd tir nhilu the ky
trudc thdng qua con dudng thuang mai cua
cac thuang gia Nhat Ban. Mdt sd dja diem
nhu Phd Hiln (Bde Bd), Hgi An (Da Ndng)
66
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OdNG BflC fl. sd 2(96) 2-2009
Nghien cim khoa hoc
vd cd the ca d Sdi Gdn trudc day Id nhtrng
dja danh cdn luu lai nhung ddu an cua mdi
giao luu dd. Nhung ve mat van bgc, phai
thue sir vao nhumg nam ddu thi ky XX thi

mdi dien ra sir giao luu thdng qua phong trdo
Ddng Du vdi vai trd dat nhjp cau cua Phan
Chu Trinh va Phan Bdi Chau. Tdc phdm Giai
nhdn ky ngd (Sai Tir Lang) dugc Phan Chu
Trinh chuyen the tir ban djch tieng Han cua
Luang Khai Sieu, cd the xem Id tdc pham
vdn hgc Nhat Ban sdm nhat xuat hien d Viet
Nam vdo nhung nam dau the ky XX. Chinh
tdc phdm Giai nhan ky ngd va nhtrng boat
dgng tich cue cua Phan Chu Trinh vd Phan
Boi Chdu da dat nhiing co sd quan trgng ddu
tien cho sir giao luu tiep nhdn van hgc Nhdt
Ban trong nhtrng thdp nien tiep theo, ddc biet
Id tir giua thi ky XX trd di.
Do nhung dac dilm vl chinh trj, ljch su,
xa hgi tdc ddng cho nen sudt nhung thap
nien 30, 40 vd ddu nhung ndm 50 cua tbi ky
XX, bdu nhu xudt hien qua it nhung tac
phdm van bgc Nhat Ban ma thay vao dd la
viec gidi thieu mdt sd ddc dilm vdn boa cua
ngudi Nhat nhu nghe thuat trd dao (chado),
nghe thuat cdm hoa (Ikebana), tinh thdn "vd
sTdao"
1.2. Glal dogn tir khodng ndm 1954 cho
den ndm 1975
Trong giai doan nay, viec gidi thieu va
tilp nhan van hgc Nhat Ban d nudc ta vdi
mdt quy md rdng ldn hom va mang tinh d$c
thu cua hai miln khi ddt nudc cdn chia cdt.
So vdi chang dudng niia ddu thi ky, trong

khoang ba muoi nam cua niia sau thi ky
XX. cung vdi nhtrng biln ddi manh me cua
ddt nudc, thdng qua nhung quan he giao luu,
van hgc Nhat Ban da dugc nhilu ngudi bilt
din thdng qua nhung ban djch, bien djch vd
mdt sd bai nghien curu dang tren cac tap chi
va bao chi. Nhilu tac pham vdn bgc ldn, cd
gid trj da dugc djch d bai mien Nam. Bac
Viet Nam.
O mien Bac, sau ngay hda binh lap lai.
dac biet Id vdo nhumg thdp nien 60.70 cua
the ky trudc, ben canh viec tiep nhdn van
hgc cua mdt sd nudc (Nga. My. Phap ).
van hgc Nhdt Bdn xudt hien ngay cdng nhieu
tren van ddn vdn bgc Viet Nam. Dd la nhiing
tac pham Khu phd khdng cd mat trdi (Sunad
Tdkumawa, do Truang Chinh vd Hong Bich
Van bien djch, Nxb Lao Ddng, H.1961); Nui
ddi yen lang (Sunad Tdkunawa. Nxb Van
bgc,
H.1962; May gid Hakdre (Toru
Takakura, Nxb Van hgc, H.1963; Cdnh ddng
Bunsu (Yuroki Miyamdtd, Nxb Vdn hgc,
H.1964); tap truyen Sgi xich trang (Nxb Lao
Ddng, H.1966); Tilng gd ciia (tho cua
Kitaba Rahakusin - Bao Van nghe so
21/1979); Dap lai cac anh chi cd mgt Idi (tho
cua Akimura, Bao Van nghe so 14/1979)
Q miln Nam, do nhung dac dilm rieng
nen viec tilp nhan van hgc Nhat co phan

nhilu bom so vdi mien Bac Cd nhieu ban
djch vd chuyen san tap trung vdo mdt sd nhd
van ldn cua Nhat Ban dk gidi thieu mdt each
kha ddy du vl tdi ndng van chuang cua hg.
vao nam 1966 tren tap chi Van (Miln Nam.
sd 57/1966) xudt bien hai truyen ngan Ndng
mua he vd Phdng tra tdn cua Shitiro Ishihara
do Nguyin Minh Hoang vd Nha Dien djch.
Tap chi Van (sd 140 ra ngay 15.10.1969)
danh rieng cho chuyen san ve Y.Kawabata.
Nhumg tac phdm do Vu Thu Thanh vd Chu
Suong Hanh djch ddng trong chuyen san do,
da gidi thieu kjp thdi nbOmg kiet tdc cua nhd
van Nhat Ban vira dugc nhdn gidi Nobel van
chuong vao nam trudc (1968). Do la Co dao
miln Izu, Tilng nui rln, Thuy nguyet, Ndt
rudi cua Y.Kawabata. Mdt s6 tac phdm
cua nhd van R.Akutagawa cung sdm dugc
gidi thieu d miln Nam (Truyen ngan
NGHIEN
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OdNG B^C fl. sd 2(96) 2-2009
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Nghien cihi khoa hgc
Lasinhmdn, tap chi Van sd 167/1970; tieu
thuyet Truyen mdt ngudi dang tri, Nxb Tir
chuang, Sai Gdn 1972).
1.3. Glal dogn tit 1975 din cudi thi ky XX
vd
nhirng

ndm ddu thi ky XXI
Giai doan nay tiep nhan van hgc Nhat Ban
vdi mdt miic do be rdng lan chieu sau tren
cac phuang dien djch thuat va nghien ciru
dien ra rat manh me, mang tinh he thdng
dugc bat dau tir sau ngay dat nudc thdng
nhat (1975) cho den cudi the ky XX va dac
biet la vdo non chuc nam dau the ky XXI.
Viec dat quan he ngoai giao chinh thirc vdi
Nhat Ban (1973); thdnh lap Trung tam
nghien ciiu Nhat Ban tai Viet Nam (1993)
true thudc Trung tam Khoa hgc xa hdi vd
Nhan van Qudc gia; viec hinh thanh ddi ngu
cac nhd nghien cim van bgc, vdn hda Nhat
Ban d cdc Vien Van hgc, Trung tam nghien
ciiu Nhat Ban va Ddng Bac A, Vien Sir hgc,
cac trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc xa bdi va Nhan
van trong ca nudc, Hgc vien chinh trj Qudc
gia da md ra mdt giai doan phat trien
manh me trong viec gidi thieu va nghien ciiu
vdn hgc Nhat Ban d nudc ta. Ben canh dd,
ddt nudc thdng nhat va dudng Idi ddi mdi
cua Dang va Nha nudc ta tir cudi nhung thap
nien 80 trd di cung tao ra nhtrng dieu kien
thuan lgi ve phuang dien chinh trj vd xa hdi
cho sir tiep nhan ngdy cdng nhieu tinh hoa
van hgc nhan loai, trong dd cd van hgc Nhat
Ban.
NIU
d cac giai doan trudc, van hgc Nhat

Ban dugc bilt d Viet Nam cdn han che ve
nhilu mat thi vao nhumg thap nien cudi the
ky XX vd nhumg nam dau the ky XXI, van
hgc Nhat Ban dugc gidi thieu va nghien ciiu
mdt each rdt he thdng tir van hgc cd den vdn
hgc hien dai va duang dai. Xuat hien ngay
cang nhilu nhung tac pham cd gia trj d cac
thi loai dugc djch va gidi thieu. Mat khac,
van hgc Nhat Ban khdng chi dugc tiep nhdn
tir phia cdng chiing ddc gia ma mdt sd tdc
gia, tac pham ldn cdn dugc dua vao gidng
day trong he thdng giao due Nhd trudng tir
phd thdng den bac Dai hgc. Dieu dd chirng
td gia trj va siic cudn hut cua nen vdn bgc xu
Phu Tang ddi vdi cdng chung Viet Nam yeu
van chuong den mire nao.
Nhin vao sd lugng dau sdch xuat ban
hang nam va nam xuat ban, chung ta thay
rdng, nhung thap nien 80, 90 va dau the ky
XXI, vdn hgc Nhat Ban d nudc ta dugc gidi
thieu vdi mdt khdi lugng rat ldn du cac the
loai.
Cd thi minh chiing dieu nay qua mdt so
tac phdm djch sau: Khudn mat ngudi khde
(Kdbe Abe, Nxb Da Ndng 1986); C6 do
(Y.Kawabata, Nxb Hai Phdng 1988); Ngudi
dep say ngu (Y.Kawabata, Nxb Vdn hgc,
1990);
vl cd huong (Jino Osaragi - Nxb Da
Ndng 1990); Mdt ndi dau rieng (K.Oe - Nxb

van nghe Hd Chi
Minh,
1997);
Tilng song
(Y.Mishima - Nxb Hdi Nha van, 2001); Gap
lai ngudi xua (D.Watanabe - Nxb Hdi Nhd
van, 2003); Kira - Kira (Cynthia Kadohata,
Nxb Tre HCM, 2005); Kitchen (Banana
Yoshimoto, Nxb Hdi Nha Van, 2006); Sau
nira dem (Haruki Murasaki - Nxb Cdng An
nhan dan, 2007)
Qua nhiing phdc thao tren ve birc tranh
vdn hgc Nhat Ban d Viet Nam dugc tiep
nhdn qua cdc thdi ky, chung ta thay rang,
van hgc Nhat Ban den vdi cdng chung dgc
gia nudc ta dien ra trong mdt thdi gian rat
dai va cd nhirng giai doan phat trien khac
nhau.
2.
Van hoc Nhat Ban d Viet Nam - nhin
tir phuang dien djch thuat
Nhin van hgc Nhat Ban tir phuong dien
tiep nhan thdng qua djch thuat, chung ta se
thay dugc mdt hue tranh kha todn dien ve
mat the loai. Cho den nay, van hgc Nhat den
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Viet Nam thdng qua nhilu con dudng trong
dd djch thuat chu yeu qua ngdn ngu tilng
Anh, tilng Phap, tilng Trung Qudc, tilng
Nga vd tilng Nhat. Sir ban cbl vl Nhat ngu
cua dgi ngu djch thuat vd bien djch cho nen
phan ldn cdc tdc phdm vdn hgc Nhat phai
qua hai lan chuyen ngtr mdi din dugc vdi
ngudi dgc. Dieu dd, dT nhien Id se khdng
tranh khdi sir "roi rung" so vdi ban gdc. Tuy
nhien, trong nhGng nam gan day, nhung
ngudi tham gia djch vdn bgc Nhat thudng
djch thang tir tieng Nhat vd vdn kien thirc
cua hg ve van hda, van hgc Nhat khd sau
rgng cho nen ddc gia dugc tiep nhan vdi
nhung tdc pham djch gan vdi nguyen ban
ban. Dieu dd giup cho ngudi dgc ITnTi hdi tdc
pham mgt each trung thue, cu the vd da dang
ban.
2.7.
Vi vdn xudi
Cd the ndi rdng, trong toan bd van bgc
Nhat Ban dugc gidi thieu d nudc ta chu yeu
va chiem sd lugng ldn la d the loai nay. Neu
lam phep thdng ke thi cd the khang djnh ban
70%
tdc phdm djch van hgc Nhat d Viet
Nam la van xudi, sd phan tram cdn lai ddnh
cho tha ca va kjcb va mdt sd the loai khac
nhu truyen tranh, truyen dan gian Viec
phi biln tdc phdm van xudi Nhat Ban chiem

sl lugng ldn cd thi vi nhieu nguyen nhdn.
Nhung chdc chdn viec djch vdn xudi de dang
hom djch tho vd kjch do ngdn ngu- chi phdi.
Mat khde, phai khdng djnh rdng, trong
nhung thdnh tuu ma van hgc Nhat Ban dat
dugc qua nhilu tbi ky, ben canh tha ca vd
kjch thi vdn xudi ndi bat born ca. Nhung nhd
van ldn va cdc tac phdm cd gid trj cua vdn
hgc Nhat cung chu yeu la d the loai vdn
xuoi. Viec hai nha vdn xudi ldn cua Nhat
Ban dat giai Nobel van chuang la
Y.Kawabata (1968) va K.Oe (1994) cung
gop phdn khang djnh dieu dd.
Trong mdng van xudi, djch thuat chu \lu
cung hudng den thi loai tilu thu\lt va
truyen vira, truyen./ ngan d giai doan can \a
hien dai. Mdt mat, cdc djch gid chgn djch
nhiing tdc gid, tdc phdm Idn, ndi tilng nhu
R.Akutagawa, Y.Kawabata mat khac dk
cung cap cho ngudi dgc cd cdi nhin tdng thi
tien trinh van xudi Nhdt Ban, nhilu tdc phdm
cua mdt sd nhd van khde d cdc giai doan vdn
hgc khde cung dugc djch. Ben canh nhiing
TuyIn tap Idn (Truyen ngdn Nhat Ban hien
dai (10 tdc gid), Nxb Tdc phdm mdi, 1985):
Truyen ngan hien dai Nhat Ban, Nxb Tre,
1996);
Vudn cue mua thu (25 tdc gid), Nxb
Tre,
2007; Mdng, Nxb Tre. 2000) di vdo

gidi thieu nhieu tdc gia truyen ngdn co gid
trj,
da ra ddi ban djch ve mdt sd tdc gia cu
the ma tieu bieu la truyen ngdn cua
R.Akutagawa (Tuyen tap Truyen ngan.
Phong Vu djch, Nxb Hdi Nhd van, 2000;
Trinh tiet, Dinh Van Phude djch, Nxb Van
bgc,
2006).
Neu nhiing thap nien 60, 70 viec djch van
xudi Nhat Bdn hay cdn it di, thi den nhung
thap nien culi the ky XX, dac biet vao
nhtrng nam ddu the ky XXI, xudt hien hdng
loat tilu thuylt ldn cua cdc nhd vdn cd ten
tudi.
Dd la nhung tdc phdm cua Kobd Abe
(Khudn mat ngudi khac, Nxb Da Nang
1986;
Ngudi dan bd trong cdn cdt, Nxb Vdn
hgc 1989); Watanabe Dzunichi (Den khdng
hat bdng, Nxb NghTa Binh 1986; Gap lai
ngudi xua, Nxb Hdi Nha van, 2003); Y.
Mishima (Chilu hom Id bude, Nxb Van hgc
1980;
Khdt vgng yeu duomg, Nxb An Giang
1988;
Ngudi thuy thu bj biln khudc tu, Nxb
van bgc 1999; Sdng tinh, Nxb Hgi Nha van,
2001).
Nhumg sang tac cua nha van

Y.Kawabata dugc djch hdu hit ra tilng Viet
in rieng le hoac trong cac tuyen tap. Theo
thdng ke cua chung tdi cd khodng 82/120
NGHIEN
CCJTU
OdNG B^C A sd 2(96) 2-2009
69
Nghien cim khoa hgc
truyen ngan trong long ban tay, 7/11 truyen
ngan, 7/14 tieu thuyet cua Y.Kawabata da
dugc djch va gidi thieu d Viet Nam. Dac biet
ba kiet tac dugc de nghj tang giai Nobel van
bgc nam 1968 (Xii tuylt, Ngan cdnh bac, Cd
dd) da dugc gidi thieu d Viet Nam khd sdm
vd tai ban nhieu Ian.
Bude sang nhiing nam dau the ky XXI,
cung vdi viec biing nd cua cac mang ludi
truyen thdng, ddc gia Viet Nam dugc tiep
xuc vdi nhieu kenh thdng tin da chieu, dac
biet trong ITnh vuc djch thuat vdn bgc nudc
ngodi. Nhiing tac pham cua bai tieu thuyet
gia duong dai ndi bat cua vdn hgc Nhdt Ban
dugc ddc gia nhieu nudc tren the gidi biet
den la Banana Yoshimoto (sinh nam 1964)
va Haruki Murakami (sinh nam 1949) da lan
lugt xudt hien tren van dan Viet Nam. Cdc
tdc pham cua ntr van sT Banana nhu Kitchen,
N.P,
VTnh biet Tugumi, Amrita va cua
Haruki nhu Rirng Na Uy, Ngdy dep trdi de

xem Kangaru, Sau com ddng ddt, Dom ddm,
Bien nien ky chim van day cdt, Ngudi ti vi,
Sau nira dem do Nxb Da Nang va Nxb
Hdi Nhd vdn an banh trong nhtrng ndm
2006,
2007 da thu but manh me gidi yeu van
hgc Nhat Ban d Viet Nam ddi vdi hai nhd
vdn tre day tdi nang nay. Chi rieng hai ndm
tren, da cd 10 cuon tieu thuyet cua Haruki vd
4 tilu thuyet cua Banana dugc djch sang
tilng Viet tir nhtrng ban Nhat ngu. Nhtrng
tdc phdm cua bg sau khi dugc phd bien d
nhilu nudc da tao nen nhiing com dja chan
va hdi chirng trong vdn hgc the gidi.
"Murakami da phai dugc xep bang Id mdt
trong nhumg nha tieu thuyet duomg dai ldn
nhdt thi gidi" (Guardian) ''va "Banana
Yoshimoto Id mgt bac thay ke chuyen
Nhung ndi dam me da dugc md ta mgt each
tinh tl, kin dao, day sire manh qua mgt ngdn
ngu tudng chirng gian dV (Chicago
Tribune). Nhiing ldi danh gia tren da gop
phan khdng djnh gia trj vd tdi ndng vdn hgc
cua hai bac thay van chuang duomg dai cua
vdn hgc Nhat Ban.
2.2.
Tha ca vd Vdn hgc ddn gian
Cung vdi the loai van xudi, tha ca va van
hgc dan gian Nhat Ban ma chu yeu Id loai
truyen cd cung dugc djch nhieu d nudc ta.

Dd la nhirng tuyen tap nhu: Truyen cd Nhdt
Ban (Nxb Ddng Nai, 1989); Truyen cd Nhat
Ban (2 tap - Nxb Thanh Nien, 1992); Truyen
cd tich thdn ky Nhdt Ban (Nxb Tre HCM,
1995);
Truyen cd Nhat Ban (Nxb Vdn nghe
HCM, 2002): Truyen cd Nhat Bdn (Nxb Tre,
2004)
Cho den nay da cd ban 20 tuyen tap
truyen dan gian Nhat Ban do nhieu ngudi
djch da luu hdnh d Viet Nam. Thdng qua
nhiing truyen dan gian dd, ngudi dgc Viet
Nam mdt mat hieu them vdn van hda phong
phu da dang cua kho tang Folklore Nhat
Ban, mat khac tim thay sir tuomg ddng vd dj
biet cua chuyen cd hai dan tdc
So vdi vdn xudi va van hgc dan gian, tho
ca Nhdt Ban khdng chi den Viet Nam mugn
hon md sd lugng djch cdn qua khiem ton so
vdi todn bd nen thi ca cua vdn hgc Nhdt Ban.
Trong tho ca Nhat Ban ndi bat ba the tho ca
ban: tho tanca, tho haiku va tha tur do vdi
khoi lugng tac gia vd tac pham khd ldn.
Song, cac the loai tren (trir tha haiku) djch
cdn qua it d nudc ta. Phdn ldn tha Nhat Ban
djch dugc dang tai chu yeu d Bao Van nghe.
Tap chi Van nghe quan ddi, Tap chi Van hgc
nudc ngodi, Kien thiic ngdy nay vd in trong
mdt vdi td tap chi va bdo dja phuang (Song
Huong, Cira Viet, Nha Trang). Ngodi mgt so

bdi tho djch in rai rdc trong mdt sd tap chi vd
td bdo (Tho nam cau Nhat Bdn (nhieu tdc
gia) - Tap chi vdn hgc nudc ngoai sd
1/2002:
Chum tha cua Machi Tawara, VNQD so
9/1992; Tho Tanka cua Wakahama Okosui.
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Nghien cum khoa hoc
Bdo van nghe sd 5/2000: Tho Haiku (nhilu
tdc gia) - Kien thirc ngdy nay sd 142/1994;
Tho ca Nhdt Ban hien dai cua Xintaro
Tanikara - VNQD sd 10/1990 ). Cho din
nay mdi cd nam cudn sdch xudt bdn d Viet
Nam djch tho ca Nhdt Ban md cung chi chu
trgng den tho cd, dac biet Id tho Haiku. Dd
la cdc tap tho: Tho cd Trieu Tien vd Nhdt
Bdn (Thai Ba Tan djch va tuyen chgn - Nxb
Lao Ddng, 1990); Basho vd tho Haiku Nhdt
Ban (Nhat Chieu tuyen djch - Nxb Vdn
hgc,
1994);
Tho ca Nhat Ban (Nhat Chieu
djch - Nxb Gido due, 1998). Tha cd phuang
Dong (Nxb Lao Dgng, 2001) vd Haiku - Hoa
thdi gian (Le Tir Hiln vd Luu Due Trung
djch - Nxb Gido due, 2007). Trong sd cdc tac
gia tho ca Nhdt Ban dugc djch, M.Basbo la

ngudi dugc bilt den vdi sd lugng tdc phdm
nhilu nhdt. Dd Id mdt dilu tdt nhien, bdi vi
sir nghiep tha ca cua nha tha ndi tilng nay
gdn liln vdi thi tho Haiku - mdt thi tho dac
sdc cua tho ca Nhat Ban vd ca the gidi.
Truyen tranh Nhdt Bdn d Viet Nam xudt
hien vdi mdt khdi lugng kha ldn nhdm thda
man nhu cdu tim bilu vd thj bilu tbdm my
cua thi gidi tre tha. Nd gdp phdn djnh hudng
nhan each cua tre tha thdng qua nhung cau
truyen tranh mang tinh giao due cao. Nhung
tmyen tranh Nhat Ban nhu Dudng ddn den
khung thdnh, Jindd Dinhd, Cdnan, Nu hodng
Ai Cap chilm sd lugng ldn tren thj trudng
truyen tranh Viet Nam. Theo sir dilu tra gan
day, thi ban 80% truyen tranh cd ngudn gdc
tir Nhdt Ban (djch bode bien djch), 15%
truyen tir cdc ngudn khac vd 5% la truyen
tranh Viet Nam. Nhu vay, truyen tranh Nhat
Ban cung dugc tilp nhan d nudc ta vdi mgt
sl lugng ldn, gdp phdn vdo viec tim bieu vdn
hoa, vdn hgc Nhdt Ban dl lam phong phu
them ban sdc van hda dan tdc Viet Nam.
Tir nhumg net phdc thdo tren \
e
birc tranh
djch thuat vdn bgc Nhat Ban trong ban mdt
the ky. chung ta thdy rang, do nhiing dac
diem dan tdc, ljch sir vd mdt so nguyen nhdn
khdch quan vd chu quan khac viec djch

thuat, phd bien van bgc Nhat d nudc ta dien
ra khdng dong deu qua cdc thdi ky ve sd
lugng tdc gid vd the loai. Nhtimg nam cuoi
thi ky XX vd ddu the ky XXI. toe do pho
bien vdn bgc Nhdt dien ra d nudc ta ram rg
horn vdi nhumg tac phdm vd tdc gid ldn. Vdi
nhirng ket qua thu nhan dugc qua con dudng
djch thuat, vdn bgc Nhat Bdn ngdy cdng
dugc ddc gid nudc ta tiep nhdn mgt cdch ddy
du, hoan chinh ban.
3.
Van hoc Nhat Ban d Viet Nam - nhin
tir phuomg dien nghien ciru va giang day
Trong tilp nhan van hgc Nhat Ban, cung
vdi viec djch thuat, cong tdc nghien cuu vd
gidng day nhdm tbdm djnh vd djnh hudng
nhtrng gid trj tdc phdm Id hai van de dudng
nhu tdn tai song banh. Khi bdn djch hodn
thdnh vd tdc phdm dugc xudt ban, cd nghTa
viec tilp nhdn dd chuyen sang giai doan thu
hai:
ddnh gid, tbdm djnh. Nhiem vu ndy
trudc hit thudc vl cdc nhd nghien cuu phe
binh van hgc, nhtimg ngudi giang day van
hgc trong cdc trudng bgc vd cua cd nhtrng
nhd van vd cdng chung dam me van hgc.
Chinh lire lugng nay se gitr vai tro chu dao
trong viec phdn tich, ddnh gid, ket luan
nhumg gia trj tbdm my cua tdc phdm van bgc
djch.

Day Id mdt vdn de ldn, quan trgng vd
khdng dl ddng. Chung toi chi co the diem
qua mdt cdch tdng quat nhtrng nghien cuu
phe binh vd gidng day vdn hgc Nhat Ban d
nudc ta tren co sd nhung tai lieu c6 dugc.
3.1.
Nghien
ciru
phi binh vdn hgc
Trong hoat ddng vdn hgc noi chung,
nghien cim phe binh van hgc thudng dien ra
NGHIEN
CCiTU
OdNQ B^C fl. sd 2(96) 2-2009
71
Nghien
cicu
khoa hgc
sau hoat ddng sang tao. Ddi vdi tac pham va nhtimg buyen thoai ve cudc ddi (Nhdt
djch, thi dieu dd hoan toan mang tinh quy Chieu - Kien thiic ngay nay sd 155/1991).
luat. So vdi djch thuat, viec nghien ciiu van Vdi cam nghT khi dgc "Den khdng hat bdng"
hgc Nhat Ban d nudc ta bdt ddu cham hom. cua nha van Nhat Ban Dzunichi Watanabe
NIU
tir nhtrng thap nien ddu thi ky XX da cd (Nguyin Chiic - Tac phdm mdi, sd 4/1992).
tdc pham djch vdn hgc Nhat, thi mai din niia Natsune Soseki: con ngudi vd tdc phdm
sau tbi ky (khoang tir nhumg thap nien 60 trd (Nguyin Tuan Khanh - Tap chi Nhat Ban vd
di) mdi xuat hien nhumg bai viet va cac cdng Ddng Bac A, sd 6/2005), Van xudi hien dai
trinh nghien ciiu. Ci mang nghien cuai phe Nhat Ban (Nguyen Van ST - Bao Van nghe
binh nay, cac tac gia di vao nhung vdn dl sd
1/1993),

Ddi dilu ve tha Nhdt Ban
thugc ly ludn chung; vdn dl tdc gid, tac (Nguyin Xuan Sanh - Tac pham mdi, so
phdm; vdn dk thi loai: nghien cum trong mdi 4/1994), Truyen cd nudc Nhat vd ban sdc
quan he tiep nhan, so sanh van hgc vd mdt dan tdc Nhat Ban (Doan Nhat Chan - NXB
sd vdn dl khde. Chinh nhiing bdi nghien cum Vdn hgc 1996) la nhung cdng trinh in thdnh
dd da cung cap cho ngudi dgc djnh hudng sach vd nhieu bdi viet ve bai tdc gid Matsuo
tbdm my khi tilp nhan tdc phdm vd cdng Basho va Yasunari Kawabata gan vdi tha
hieu sdu sdc bom van hgc Nhdt Bdn. Haiku vd van xudi.
Nghien cuu vl nhung vdn dl chung cua Vilt vl M.Basbo va tha Haiku da xuat
vdn hgc Nhat Ban xudt hien mdt sd bdi nhu: bien mdt sd cudn sach va hang chuc bai
Vdn bgc Nhdt Ban hien dai tir thdi Minh Trj nghien ciiu. Cd the khdng djnh rang, tha
din nay (Nguyin Tudn Khanh - Vien Haiku Nhat Ban d Viet Nam dugc nghien
TTKHXH, 1998), Vai dac dilm van nghe ciiu mdt each toan dien va tap trung nhat ve
Nhdt Ban 1945 - 1950 (Le Trudng Sa - Tap ca ndi dung vd nghe thuat. Dang chu y nhdt
chi vdn hgc (Miln Nam), sd 144/1972), Sir la hai cudn Basho va tha Haiku cua Nhdt
ra ddi cua tu vdn hgc va quan niem mdi vl Chieu (NXB Van hgc, 1994) va Haiku, Hoa
van hgc cua cac nudc Viet Nam, Trung thdi gian cua Le Tir Hien va Luu Due Trung
Qudc, Nhdt Ban (Doan Le Giang - TCVH sd (NXB Gido due, 2007). Da cd khoang 20 bai
5/1998), So sdnh quan niem van hgc trong nghien cim ve tdc gia M.Basbo vd tho Haiku
vdn hgc cd diln Nhat Ban vd Viet Nam tren tap chi va bdo (trong dd 07 bdi noi ve
(Doan Le Giang-TCVH sd 9/1997), Mdt sd tac gia M.Basbo vd 13 bai vilt vl tho
net ddc trung cua vdn hgc Nhat Ban (Tran Haiku). Chung tdi diem qua mdt sd bai nhu
Hai Yin - Tap chi nghien ciiu Nhat Ban sd sau: Ddu an Thien Tdng trong tha M.Basbo
4/1999) (Dd Thdi Thuan - Tap chi Vdn hda, so
Hudng nghien ciru theo loai hinh tdc gia 5/1997), Matsuo Basho - Nhd tha ldn cua the
vd ddc trung thi loai cung dugc nhilu ngudi tho Haiku (Nguyen Tuan Khanh - Tap chi
dl cap din. Dd Id nhiing cdng trinh nghien nghien curu Nhat Ban sd 3/1995), Basho va
ciru vl mgt sd tdc gia Idn hoac mgt sd the hai cu dao (Nhat Chieu - Kien thurc ngay
loai vdn hgc dac sac dugc xudt ban thdnh nay, sd 10/1999), Tha Matsuo Basho trong
sdch hay cac bai dang tren cdc tap chi va chuang trinh giao due phd thdng (Dao Thj

bao.
Ben canh nhiing bai nghien cuu ve tac Thu Hdng - Tap chi nghien ciru Ddng Bac A,
gia vd thi loai dugc cdng bd: Kenzaburo 6e sd 8/2006), Cam nhan ve tha Haiku (Ngo
72 NGHIEN
CCiTU
OdNG B^C fl. SO 2(96) 2-2009
Nghien
cum
khoa hoc
van Phu - Tac phdm mdi, sd 4/1992), Mdt
sd dac diem cua tha Haiku Nhdt Ban (Hd
van Ludng - Tap chi nghien ciiu Nhdt Ban
va Ddng Bac A. sd 4/2001), Thi gidi trong
tho Haiku (Ha Van Minh - Bao Xuan Dien
Ban. 2000). Nghien ciiu tho Haiku tren gdc
do so sdnh van hgc nhdm chi ra nhumg net
tuomg ddng va dj biet trong van hgc cdc
nudc ddng vdn ciing la mdt hudng nghien
cuu dugc nhieu ngudi quan tdm (Ha Vdn
Ludng vdi bdi Sir bieu hien cua "tinh" vd
•'dgng" trong tho Trdn Nhan Tdng vd tho
Haiku cua M.Basbo - Tap chi nghien ciiu
Nhat Ban vd Ddng Bac A, sd
1/2006;
Le Tir
Hiln vdi bai Basho (1644 - 1694) va Huyin
Quang (1254 - 1334) sir gap gd vdi mua thu
hay sir tuong hgp ve cam thirc thdm my -
Tap chi nghien ciru van hgc sd 7/2005 va
Phdc thdo nhung net tuomg ddng vd dj biet

cua ba tbi tha: tuyet cu, haiku vd luc bdt cua
Nguyin Thj Bich Hai trong cudn "Vdn hgc
so sdnh, nghien cuu vd trien vgng", NXB
DHSP Ha Ndi, 2005).
Nhd vdn Y.Kawabata (Giai Nobel vdn hgc
1968) dugc nghien ciru d Viet Nam vdi sd
lugng sdch xudt ban va cdc bdi nghien ciiu
nhilu hon cd (2 cuon sdch va 28 bdi nghien
cuu).
vl sdch dd Id cdc cudn Yasunari
Kawabata, cudc ddi va tdc pham cua Luu
Due Trung (NXB Gido due, 1997) vd Vdn
hoa Nhdt Ban vd Yasunari Kawabata cua
Ddo Thj Thu Hdng (NXB Giao due, H.2007
- Chuyen ludn). Nhtimg bai vilt ve
Y.Kawabata tap trung lam rd va khdng djnh
nhumg ddng gdp to ldn cua nhd van nay ve
ngi dung vd nghe thuat d thi loai truy?n
ngdn trong ldng ban tay, truyen ngdn va tilu
thuylt. Dk cap din cdi dep, vai trd cau ndi
Dong - Tay cua Y.Kawabata va nhung ddc
sdc nghe thuat truyen ngdn cua dng da xudt
hien cac bdi: My hgc Kawabata Yasunari
(Khuomg Viet Hd - Tap chi vdn hgc sl
6/2006), Kawabata Yasunari va tbdm my cua
chiec guomg soi (Nhat Chieu - Tap chi
nghien ciru Nhat Ban so 4/2000). Cdi dep
truyen thong Nhdt Bdn trong sdng tdc cua Y.
Kawabata (Tran Thj Td Loan - Tap chi
nghien cim Nhdt Ban vd Dong Bac A. sd

1/2006),
Dac diem truyen ngdn cua Yasunari
Kawabata - nhin tir gdc do thi phdp (Ha Van
Ludng - Tap chi nghien cim Nhat Ban vd
Ddng Bac A, sd 5/2007, Yasunari Kawabata
giiia ddng chay Dong - Tdy (Ddo Thj Thu
Hang, TCVH sd 7/2005) Mgt sd bai di
vdo gidi ma tilu thuyet Y.Kawabata ve
phuang dien ndi dung phdn anh vd thi phdp
bieu bien vdi nhtrng phdn tich, ddnh gid rdt
tinh tl, sdc sao (Thi phdp tieu thuyet cua
Yasunari Kawabata - nhd van ldn Nhat Ban -
Luu Due Trung, Tap chi Van hgc so 9/1999;
Thu phap tuong phdn trong tieu thuyet
"Ngudi dep say ngu" cua Y.Kawabata -
Khuong Viet Ha, Tap chi vdn hgc sd
1/2004;
Thdi gian va khdng gian nghe thuat trong
tilu thuylt "Ngudi dep say ngu" cua
Y.Kawabata - Ha Vdn Ludng, Tap chj
nghien ciiu Nhat Bdn vd Ddng Bde A so
81/2007 ).^
Mac du sd lugng nhung tac phdm tho ca
vd vdn hgc ddn gian djch d nudc ta khdng
nhilu so vdi vdn xudi nhung cung da co
nhilu bdi vilt vl nhtrng dac trung tham my
cua hai tbi loai nay. 6 thi loai tho (tni tho
haiku gin vdi M.Basbo chung toi da phan
tich d tren), cac bai vilt di vao gidi thieu tac
phdm hoac nghien cuu mgt diem nao dd

thudc nghe thuat bilu hien. Dd la cac bai:
Manyoshu (Van diep tap) - Hay Id tho ca cua
mgi neo dudng (Nhdt Chieu - Tap chi vdn
hgc sd 9/1997), Tho ca Nhat Bdn (Nhdt
Chieu - NXB Gido due, 1998), Vdi net ye
tha Nhat Ban (Le Tir Hiln vd Nguyen
NGHIEN
CCJfU
OdNG B^C fl. sd 2(96) 2-2009
73
Nghien cicu khoa hgc
Nguyet Trinh - Tap chi Nhat Ban vd Ddng
Bde A so
1/2005)
Nghien curu van hda,
van hgc dan gian cua Nhat Ban cung thu hut
sir chu y cua cac nhd van hda hgc, cac nhd
nghien ciru Viet Nam. Tir gdc do van hda,
Hd Hung Hoa cd bai Le hdi cd truyen Nhat
Ban (Tap chi van hda nghe thuat sd 4/1991),
Tim hieu ve dac diem van hda Nhdt Ban
(Tran Van Kinh - Tap chi Nhat Ban sd
3/1998), va Chen tra phuang Ddng vd Trd
dao Nhat Ban (Hd Vdn Ludng - Tap chi van
hgc nghe thuat sd
1/2006)
Nhin van hgc
dan gian trong mdi giao luu, tuomg ddng vd
ly giai cac hinh tugng thdng qua tuc ngtr, ca
dao va truyen tranh dugc the hien trong mdt

sd bai nhu: The loai truyen thuyet dudi mat
cdc nha nghien ciiu Folklore Nhat Ban va
Trung Qudc (Kieu Thu Hoach - Tap chi vdn
hgc,
sd 2/2000), Tuc ngti- Nhat Ban vdi
ngudi phu nii (Nguyen Thj Hdng Thu - Tap
chi van hgc nghe thuat sd 4/2001), Bude ddu
gidi thieu "Nhat Ban linh dj ky" vd nhung
ylu td dan gian cua nd (Nguyin Thj Oanh -
Tap chi van hgc dan gian sd
1/1998),
Truyen
tranh Nhat Ban va nhu cdu giai tri cua tre em
hien nay (Dam Thuy Duomg - Tap chi Diln
dan VNVNsd 2/2002)
Cung nhu phuomg dien djch thuat, cdng
viec nghien cuu phe binh vdn hgc Nhdt Ban
vdn dang diln ra, ma nhung phdc hga cua
chung toi d tren mdi chi la bude dau, chua
ddy du nhung cung cung cdp cho nhurng
ngudi yeu nln van hgc nay nhtrng vdn kien
thue
CO
ban khi tiep nhan.
Song song vdi sach va cac bdi viet cua tdc
gid Viet Nam, dl hiiu them nen van hgc
Nhdt Ban tir nhilu gdc nhin, chung ta tilp
xuc vdi nhilu bai viet vd sach nghien cuu
cua cac tac gia nudc ngoai thdng qua ban
djch tilng Viet. Day cung la mgt hudng tiep

nhan van hgc Nhat kha ly thu. Theo thdng ke
so bd cua chung tdi, den nay da cd khoang 6
cudn sdch vd 31 bai nghien ciru nudc ngodi
(chu ylu la Nhat, Nga, My, Anh) viet ve vdn
hgc Nhat hoac lien quan den van hgc Nhdt
dugc cdng bd. Phdn ldn cac nha nghien ciiu
tren Id nhtrng chuyen gia ve phuang Ddng
hgc,
chuyen sau ve vdn hgc Nhdt Ban dang
1dm viec tai cdc Trung tdm nghien ciru, cdc
Trudng Dai hgc, cdc Vien nghien ciru ldn cd
danh tilng tren thi gidi. Chinh vi the, nhung
nghien cum cua hg dugc chuyen djch qua
tilng Viet Id nhtrng tdi lieu quan trgng vd
quy hilm dl chung ta ITnh hdi vd tham khao.
Cd thi minh chiing van de tren thdng qua
nhung cdng trinh va bdi viet sau: Vdn bgc
Nhat Ban tu cd din can dai cua N.I. Konrat
(Nga) - NXB Da Ndng, 1999; Cay anh ddo
vd cdy sdi cua V.Ovsinhicov (Nga) - NXB
Hdi Nha van,
2003;
Luge su van hda Nhdt
Ban (G.B.San Som - NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi,
1990);
van hgc Nhat Ban (nhieu tdc gid -
NXB Vien Thdng tin Khoa hgc xa hdi,
1998);
Sir ngu ngdc thdn thanh (Vl nhd tho
tbiln Ryokan), Tap chi van hgc sd

8/1995
cua John Stevees (My); Sd phdn, bi kjcb cua
cac thien tai (ve Y.Kawabata cua
N.I.Phedorenco (Nga) - Tdc pham mdi so
7/1990; van hgc Nhat Ban trong ky nguyen
hien dai cua Kere Donald (Anh); San khdu
Nhdt Ban bien dai cua Takashi Nomur
(Nhat) - Bao Van nghe sd 2/1993; Nln van
hgc Nhdt Ban hien dai cua Sone Hiroyoshi
(Nhat) - VHNN sd 3/2000
3.2. Gidng dgy vdn hgc
Trong tiep nhan van hgc, cung vdi djch
thuat, nghien cim, phe binh, sir tiep nhan cua
dgc gia ddi vdi tac phdm, thi viec giang day
cdc nen van hgc nudc ngodi trong Nhd
trudng cho hgc sinh, sinh vien cung la mdt
khau can thiet. Viec tiep nhan van hgc Nhat
Ban d Viet Nam trong nha trudng so vdi vdn
74
NGHIEN
CflTU
OdNG BflC fl. SO 2(96) 2-2009
Nghien cim khoa hgc
hgc Trung Qudc, van bgc Nga, van hgc
Phap
tbi mudn bom. Neu cdc nen van bgc
tren dugc dua vdo chuang trinh phd thdng
vd Cao ddng, Dai bgc Viet Nam tir rat sdm
(khoang tir nhiing thap nien 50 cua the ky
XX trd di) tbi vdn hgc Nhat cung nhu van

hgc My. van bgc Dire den sau nhtrng thap
nien 70. 80 mdi dua vdo gidng day. Mat
khac,
do nhtrng dac diem vd nguyen nhan
khde nhau nen chuang trinh gidng day vdn
hoc ndi chung d phd thdng khdng dri djnh,
thdm chi cd nhieu thay ddi qua hang nam. Vi
thi sd lugng tdc gia vd tdc pham cd sir thay
dii khd nhilu.
NIU
nhan xet chung tbi cd the
thdy rdng, mdng vdn hgc Nhdt (ciing nhu van
hgc An Do, Trieu Tien, Dire, Anh ) dugc
giang day d bac phd thdng chdng nhung
mudn ban so vdi mgt sd nen van bgc nudc
ngodi khde md sd lugng tdc gid, tdc phdm vd
ca gid hgc cdn qua it. Theo tim hieu cua
chung toi, d bde phd thdng, van hgc Nhdt
dua vdo day rdt it vd chi din bac phd thdng
trung hgc mdi dugc hgc. Hai tdc gid dugc
giang day trong chuong trinh vdn bgc nudc
ngoai cua vdn bgc Nhat Bdn Id tho cua
M.Basbo vd vdn xudi Y.Kawabata. p phdn
tho Haiku cua M.Basbo, ngudi tuyIn chgn
dua vdo giang day 11 bdi tho (Idp 10) vdi
nhilu ngi dung phan dnh khde nhau. Mac du
vdn con mdt sd ban chi, nhumg qua nhung
bai tho haiku dd da giup hgc sinh hieu biet
mgt cdch so ddng vl tbi tha ddc ddo ndy,
bilt dugc dien mao vd tai nang cua thi ba

Basho.
van xudi Y. Kawabata rdt phong phu vd
da dang vl ndi dung phdn dnh va tbi phdp
bilu hien. Trong chuang trinh Idp 12 THPT,
da trinh bdy tdng quat vl cudc ddi, su nghiep
sang tac cua Y.Kawabata, nhdn manh gid trj
tmyin thdng vd cdc ddc trung van chuang
dng dong thdi giang day ky truyen ngdn
Thuy nguyet. Vdi dung lugng nhu \a\.
khdng nhieu nhung cung du vdi trinh do vd
muc dich tiep thu cua bgc sinh bac pho
thdng. Chgn Thuy nguyet de trinh bdy Id mgt
sir lira chgn hodn toan dung dan khong chi
ve phuang dien ndi dung phdn dnh md cd \ e
nghe thuat bieu hien cua tdc phdm. Truyen
ngan nay the hien tai nang nghe thuat dgc
ddo cua Y.Kawabata, dac biet nghe thuat
"Chile guomg soi" trd thanh mgt phuong
tien nghe thuat dac sdc mang dam phong
cdch nhd van trong khai thae bien thurc
Q bac Cao ddng vd Dai bgc, van hgc Nhdt
Bdn va van hgc nhieu nudc khac dugc dua
vao giang day d cdc khoa Ngu Van vdi dung
lugng vd quy md ldn mang tinh tdng qudt
born. Ben canh viec gidi thieu mdt each khdi
qudt tiln trinh phdt trien cua van hgc qua cac
thdi ky dudi tdc dgng vd dnh hudng cua cdc
biln cl vd sir kien ljch su. sinh vien dugc
hgc vdn bgc Nhat Ban vdi ddy du cdc tac gid
tieu bilu vd cdc thi loai van hgc khac nhau.

Vdi sd lugng dao ddng tu 15 tiet din 30 tiet
(tuy theo nghdnh hgc vd chua kl thdi gian
1dm bdi tap, nien luan vd khoa ludn tot
nghiep). vdn hgc Nhat Ban dugc trinh bay tir
vdn bgc ddn gian din vdn hgc can va hien
dai.
Trong dd, chuong trinh tap trung cu the
vdo nhiing tdc gia, tac phdm 16m tieu bieu
cho timg thdi ky van hgc, the loai nhu:
M.Basbo vd tho Haiku (thdi Trung dai),
R.Akutagawa vd thi loai truyen ngdn (thdi
can dai) vd Y. Kawabata vd van xuoi Nhdt
Bdn bien dai. Nhu vay, vdi cdch trinh bay
dd, van hgc Nhat Ban dugc gidi thieu mgt
each khd hodn chinh vua cd dien, vua co
dilm trong chuang trinh Dai hgc Dilu nay
cung cdp cho sinh vien nhtrng kien thue chu
ylu, quan trgng mang tinh khoa hgc \
a
he
NGHIEN
CCiTU
OdNG B^C f*. sd 2(96) 2-2009
75
Nghien
cicu
khoa hgc
thdng ve mdt nen van hgc cu thi gdp phdn
lam giau va phong phu hom vdn van hgc va
ndng lire cam thu thdm my.

Tir nhtrng phan tich tren, cd thi nhan xet
rang, viec tilp nhan van hgc Nhat Ban trong
trudng hgc thdng qua giang day d nudc ta da
dien ra khd thuan lgi. Mac du cd mdt sd vdn
de can chinh sua, bd sung trong chuang trinh
day hgc, song ve co ban, phdn van hgc Nhat
Ban hien tai la hgp ly.
4.
Mot so ket luan va de xuat y kien
Van hgc Nhdt Ban, thdng qua^jch thuat,
nghien ciiu vd giang day d nudc ta da dugc
gidi thieu khd day du. Dd la nhumg cd gang
Idn khdng chi cua cdc djch gia, nha nghien
ciiu, nhd gido, nhd xuat ban, tap chi vd bdo
trong cd nudc ma dd cung la ket qud cua
dudng Idi ddi mdi ve cdc mat trong dd cd
vdn hda, van hgc cua Dang vd Nhd nudc ta
trong sudt thdi gian qua. Cung nhu van hgc
mdt sd nudc khde, van hgc Nhdt Ban d Viet
Nam da, dang vd se tiep tuc nghien ciiu vdi
quy md ldn ban. Tuy nhien, de ddp iing vdi
nhu cau tiep nhan cua cdng chung ddc gia va
cd cdi nhin hodn chinh hom nen vdn hgc
Nhdt Ban, chung tdi cd mdt sd nhdn xet vd y
kien nhu sau:
- Viec gidi thieu van hgc Nhat Ban d
nudc ta den nay chu yeu van chii trgng vao
mang vdn xudi (truyen ngdn, tieu thuyet) vd
tho.
Nhung nhd van ldn cd ten tudi va cdc

nhd van hien dai dugc chu y djch va nghien
ciiu nhieu hom ca. Tien trinh van hgc Nhat
Ban da dugc gidi thieu trong mdi quan he
vdi ljch su dan tdc, vdn hda
- Ben canh van xudi vd tho ca, mang vdn
hgc kjch cdn qua trdng, nhieu tac phdm kjch
Nob,
va kjch hien dai chua den vdi ban dgc
Trong khi qua chu trgng cac tac gia thdi can,
hien dai ma hau nhu bd "quen" cac tac gia
giai doan trudc dan den sir mat can ddi giiia
cac thdi ky van hgc.
- Mdng tha hien dai djch qua it. Nhung
tdc gia ldn nhu K.Oe (Nobel van chuang
1994),
Soseki, D.Watanabe chua dugc
djch nhieu d nudc ta.
- Viec nghien ciiu phe binh van hgc Nhdt
Ban d nudc ta vdn chua dap umg dugc vdi
nhu cdu cua thue tai. Viec giao luu van hda
Viet - Nhat da diln ra nhung dem lai kit qua
chua nhieu.
- Ddi ngii djch thuat cdn mdng ma chu
yeu van qua tieng Anh, Phap, Trung, Nga
cdn djch tir Nhat ngti chua nhieu. Dieu dd
khdng trdnh khdi ban che khi tiep nhdn tdc
phdm.
- Cdn day manh born nOa cdng viec djch
thuat vd nghien ciiu tren quy md ldn hom.
Cac thu tuc bdn quyen tac gia vd nhiing van

de khde lien quan phai cd su trg giup phap ly
cua Nha nudc.
Vdi nhtrng nhan xet tren, chung tdi hy
vgng va tin tudng trong tuomg lai van hgc
Nhat Bdn se tiep tuc dugc phd bien mgt each
sau rdng den vdi nhieu ban dgc trong ca
nudc.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Phuang Luu (2002),
Tir vdn
hgc so sdnh din
thi
hgc
so
sdnh,
Nxb Van hpc - Trung tdm Van
boa Ngon ngii Dong Tdy,
Hd
Npi.
Phuang Luu (2004), Tiip
nhdn
vdn
hgc,
Nxb
Dd
Nang.
Nhilu tac gid (2005), Vdn hgc so sdnh,
nghien ciru
vd
trien

vgng,
Nxb Dai hpc Su Pham
Ha Noi.
76
NGHIEN
CCiTU
OdNG BflC fl. sd 2(96) 2-2009