Current policy instruments, initiatives and management practices

Current policy instruments,
initiatives and management
practices
Environmental pollution control
includes

Development of legislative documents for environmental
pollution prevention and mitigation

Pollution inspection

Monitoring

Pollution factors in EIA

Auditing and forecast of pollution, wastes, environmental quality

Development of standards for quality, wastes, technologies

Establishment and implementation of pollution incident
prevention and mitigation, recovery

Education, training, raising awareness of environmental
pollution

Research on pollution

etc.
Environmental pollution control
•
National Strategy for Environment Protection for the period

2001-2010.
Envi. pollution
control
Biodiversity
protection
Envi. quality
improvement
National Strategy for
Pollution Control
Developing and promulgating
legislation on environment protection
•
January 10, 1994: Law on Environment Protection.
•
(now – under revision)
•
1989: People Health Protection Law.
•
1989: Dykes Protection Ordinance.
•
1989: Ordinance of Resources Taxes.
•
1989: Ordinance of Aquatic Resource Protection.
•
1991: Forest Protection and Development Law.
•
1993: Land Use Law.
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1993: Law of Oil and Petrol.
•

1993: Ordinance of Vegetation Protection and Quarantine.
•
1996: Ordinance of Radiation Safety and Control.
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1996: Mineral Resources Law.
•
1998: Water Resources Law.
•
1999: Criminal Affair Law.
•
Hundreds of legal documents.
•
Decree No. 36-CT/TW 25 June 1998 of Politburo:
Enhancing environmental protection in period of
industrialization – modernization of the country
Environmental protection
policies and action plans
•
The Government has promulgated series of policies in
order to protect the environment and ensure sustainable
development.
•
Policy of prohibition in production, transport and use of fire-
crackers;
•
Policy of land and forest entrustment for people;
•
Policy of reforestation in bare hills;
•
Policy of stimulation in using cleaner technologies;

•
Policy of biodiversity protection;
•
Policy of closing natural forest,
•
etc.
•
Agenda 21 for Sustainable development and achieving MDGs.
Vietnam Development Goals
(VDGs).
•
Under the framework of a Comprehensive Poverty Reduction
and Growth Strategy (CPRGS)
•
Target 2: ensure that 60% of the rural population has access to
clean and safe water by 2005 and 85% by 2010. This should be
the case for 80% of urban people by 2005;
•
Target 4: ensure that all waste water in towns and cities is
treated by 2010;
•
Target 5: ensure that all solid waste is collected and disposed
safely in all towns and cities by 2010.
Environmental pollution
control
•
EIAs have been implemented for all socio-economic
development projects.
•
Follow-up monitoring?

•
Environmental inspection has been undertaken both at
provincial and national levels.
•
From 1993 to 2000:
•
- Inspected 9,384 enterprises. Among which:
•
- 4,390 (47% inspected) have got administrative
penalties;
•
- 2,175 have been warned;
•
- 2,215 have been fined. Amount of fines: 1,566,810,000
VND (110,000 USD).
•
Environmental inspection
-Weak staff and other resources.
-Frequency is low.
-Fine rates are still low
•
However, the capacity of environmental management institutions in
Vietnam remains weak and disproportionate to their tasks.
•
6 environmental management cadre per 1 mio. population
•
2002: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE)
has been established. DONREs
•
Environmental management authorities are under re-organization

for more effective operation (and co-operation).
Environmental monitoring
•
There are 4 monitoring networks have been established in Vietnam,
including Monitoring Networks of:
–
NEA (EPA),
–
National Hydro-Metereology Center,
–
Department of Geology and Minerals,
–
Department of water resources management, MONRE.
National Network of Environmental
Monitoring
•
Since 1994.
•
Managed by EPA, MONRE
•
By 2002: Network comprised of 20 stations:
- 3 inland stations,
- 3 acid rain stations,
- 2 soil stations,
- 3 radioactive stations,
- 1 labor safety station,

- 450 monitoring points,
- Frequency: once every 2 - 3 months.
•

Basic parameters of air, water (inland and sea water), soil, solid
wastes, noise caused by transportation,
and radioactivity are monitored by these stations.
- 5 marine stations,
- 1 air & water background
quality station,
- 1 laboratory
- 1 central management center
•
Mostly collected data is served for preparation of Vietnam Annual
State of Environment Report (SOER).
Pressures
Production,
Commerce,
Consumption
Energy, Transport,
Industries, Agriculture,
Forestry, etc.
Environmenta
l status
Air, Water, Soil,
Natural resources,
Ecosystems,
Urban and rural areas
Social
response
Legislations, Strategies,
Policies, New
technologies,

Pollution control,
Consumption change
Conventions, etc.
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Environment,
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Pollution prevention
•
Further setting up a system of legislative documentation as well as
supporting policies for adequate pollution control.

•
Development of comprehensive and appropriate system of
environmental quality standards.
•
Raising of public awareness.
•
Integration of environmental issues into socio-economical
development plans at different levels.
Pollution prevention
•
Involvement of enterprises in cleaner production campaigns.
•
Development of comprehensive environmental monitoring network
and database management system.
•
Conducting environmental planning at different levels including
macro levels such as national, local and sectoral, using Strategic
Environmental Assessment (SEA), and assurance of commitments
and follow-up activities after EIA report.
•
Setting up of integrated river basin management models for all
major rivers.
Pollution mitigation
•
Up to 2003: Identified 4,295 most polluting locations, including
industrial enterprises, landfills, hospitals, pesticides and chemical
hazards warehouses, etc.
•
22
nd

April 2003: Decision No. 64/2003-QD-TTg by Prime Minister:
Approval of plan for entirely treatment of seriously polluting locations.
•
2003 – 2007: Treatment of 439 most ‘’hot’’ polluting locations, among
which 284 enterprises, 52 landfills, 84 hospitals, 15 pesticides
warehouses, 3 chemical residues warehouses, 1 residue-from-war
bomb warehouse.
•
Up to 2012: Treatment of the rest and new polluting points.
•
Enhancing pollution control and pollution prevention activities.
•
Some of enterprises will be stopped, relocated, or assisted to
renovate existing backward technology and/or to build up waste
treatment facilities.
Pollution mitigation (cont.)
•
Vietnam is trying to build up wastewater treatment plants for
100% national level cities and industrial parks.
Pollution mitigation (cont.)
•
1998. Orientation for urban water supply to the year 2020 issued.
•

•
1999. Orientation for the Development of Urban Sewerage (ODUS)
up to 2020 and the immediate objectives to 2005 issued.
•
2000. National Strategy for Rural Clean Water Supply and
Sanitation for the period up to 2020 issued.

Pollution mitigation. Some facts
•
Significant increase of number of urban sewerage and drainage
projects funded by Government budget or ODA.
•
Arising investment sources for construction and rehabilitation of
sewerage and drainage systems and capacity building for
companies engaged in management of O&M.
•
Japan, France, Denmark, Belgium, Switzerland, etc. and
international financial institutions WB, ADB,
•
ODA funded sewerage and drainage projects in nearly 20 cities
and provincial towns, > 1 USD bio.
•
Hanoi Sewerage and Drainage project, phase I:
USD 200 mio. 1997 – 2003.